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Course of studies
- IBW - Internationale Betriebswirtschaft (720)
- IBM - International Business Management (346)
- BMP - Business Management and Psychology (86)
- IEB - International Engineering (12)
- OMB - OnlineMedien (5)
- WIB - Wirtschaftsinformatik (4)
- AIN - Allgemeine Informatik (3)
- MIB - Medieninformatik (2)
- ETI - Elektronik und Technische Informatik (1)
- IMM - International Management (1)
This thesis assesses whether a momentum strategy, which buys past winner and sells past loser stocks, implemented in the German stock market yields positive returns. Additionally, it provides an evaluation of potential sources and implications to stock market efficiency. The findings indicate that momentum profits are on average positive and significant in a time period between 1999 and 2018 and that these profits, in general, seem to contradict the efficient market theory. Hence, after a review of behavioral finance models, these profits seem to be due to inefficient price reactions to new firm-specific news. Despite their strong positive average returns, momentum strategies yield significant negative returns which occur in times of market reversal after panic states and crashes.
Online Controlled Experiment at Euranka Sàrl: Improvement of a/b testing by increasing sensitivity
(2020)
Web-facing companies and online businesses generate more revenue than before, and the internet is growing exponentially. Conversion rate optimization has become a hot topic among online marketers and online businesses. Giant data-driven companies like Google, Microsoft, or Bing are pioneers in this field and use their big data to optimize their websites and services with online controlled experiments, but still, facing pitfalls. For companies with smaller user numbers, running experiments with reliable and conclusive results is even a greater challenge. As it is a critical success factor for online businesses, the thesis deals with ways to improve online experimentation for companies with smaller user numbers by increasing the sensitivity of experiments based on information provided in whitepapers and conference findings of pioneers in the field. These methods and guidelines are applied to a practical case at Euranka Sàrl, an online affiliate marketer based in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Brand ambassadors have the power to have a positive influence on how consumers feel and their relationship with the brand. Despite the popularity of brand ambassadors and their effectiveness, a company's employees as brand ambassadors have an ideal and credible impact on consumers and how the brand is perceived.
This bachelor thesis reviews the literature of theoretical and empirical nature to identify how business leaders strengthen the image of their corporate brands the objective is to examine and compare the case of Microsoft Bill Gates and Apples Steve Jobs illustrate how they strengthen their respective brand image.
The results indicate that even though the risk of having CEO’s as ambassadors may tarnish the image of the company in case of unethical behaviors, celebrity CEOs such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates have a positive impact on their respective companies and strengthen the brand image.
This thesis examines the added value of modern approaches of balance sheet analysis for the external analyst. When talking about modern approaches of balance sheet analysis, scoring models, qualitative analysis, discriminant analysis and artificial neural networks are meant. On the basis of an extensive literature research, it is examined to what extent these approaches can overcome the weaknesses of the traditional balance sheet analysis.
Global agierende Unternehmen entsenden ihre Arbeitnehmer zur Weiterqualifizierung und Ausübung ihrer Tätigkeiten ins Ausland. Um die Arbeitnehmer zu schützen sowie die Dienstleistungsfreiheit weiter zu fördern wurde 2018 die Richtlinie 96/71/EG über die Entsendung von Arbeitnehmern im Rahmen der Erbringung von Dienstleistungen reformiert. In Deutschland wurde sie 2020 in das Arbeitnehmerentsendegesetz über-führt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die allgemeinen Auswirkungen der Reform zu analy-sieren und Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten für die AUDI AG zu erarbeiten. Dazu werden fundierte Kenntnisse über die Richtlinien bezüglich Entsendungen in der Europäischen Union, insbesondere in Deutschland aufgebaut. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Entsendungen innerhalb des europäischen Wirtschaftsraumes aufgrund strengerer Regelungen und der Komplexität der Umsetzungsmaßnahmen abnehmen könnten.
The rapid development of digital technologies has stimulated the shift from real life interaction to online communication. Internet audience is rapidly growing every day, while cost of reaching it is remains affordable.
Transformational changes in business environments, skills and cultures have led to the shift from product-based to knowledge-based economies.
New models of employment are getting more and more common, non-standardized employment has risen. The work lifecycle is changing. Instead of linear pattern— education, work, and retirement— there is a move to “cyclic life plans,” with periods of education, work and recreation overlapped and interspersed across a lifetime. This trend challenges standardized career paths, development programs and incentive systems. “Employee consumerism” is rising, especially for those with in-demand skills and experience.
All the above trends in global economy bring a new challenge for the individuals who want to succeed in their careers and personal development. This challenge is decent self-promotion on a labor market, which can be achieved by using efficient self-marketing channels and tools, in particular online.
The topic of this bachelor’s thesis is the connection between culture and social media marketing for environmental nonprofit organizations. It focuses on the question whether culture does have an impact on the performance of social media marketing for environmental nonprofit organizations. Based on this, the hypothesis is made that culture does have an influence on the intercultural performance of an environmental nonprofit organizations’ social media marketing. To provide an answer, the characteristics of environmental nonprofit organizations and social media marketing are analyzed by the use of cultural frameworks. Furthermore, a closer look towards the connection between culture and social media marketing for environmental nonprofit organizations is provided. As a result, this paper supports the hypothesis that culture does have an impact on the performance of social media marketing for environmental nonprofit organizations. The analysis shows that social media marketing and environmental nonprofit organizations both have characteristics that can be impacted by culture. This can lead to an effect on the performance of the environmental nonprofit organizations’ social media marketing caused by different cultural perceptions and aspects.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit der Evaluierung der Unternehmensflexibilität bei Entsendungsleistungen. Dynamische Unternehmensumwelten fordern Organisationen im Wettbewerb sowie bei der Personal- und Talentgewinnung heraus und wirken auf eine strategische Ausrichtung im Bereich der Mitarbeiterentsendung. Unter Berücksichtigung von kulturellen Komponenten gilt es für Unternehmen, flexible Entsendungsmodule zu gestalten. Eine Literaturanalyse sowie die Abgrenzung zentraler Begrifflichkeiten bilden die Basis für die empirische Forschung. Mithilfe von qualitativen leitfadengestützten Experteninterviews mit Expatriates und Führungskräften werden Tendenzaussagen getroffen, inwieweit Unternehmen bereits eine Flexibilität bei Entsendungsleistungen nutzen und welche Handlungsanforderungen gegenüber flexibilisierten Entsendungsleistungen vorherrschen. Es wird analysiert, in welchem Ausmaß flexibilisierte Entsendungsleistungen zu einer Bedürfniserfüllung von Expatriates beitragen und ob sich eine Annahmeveränderung gegenüber standardisierten Entsendungskomponenten ableiten lässt. Das Resultat der Ergebnisdiskussion ist eine Handlungsempfehlung, welche die Erfüllung der individuellen Bedürfnisse des Expats im Einklang mit der vorherrschenden Unternehmenskultur berücksichtigt. Im Rahmen eines flexibilisierten Standardprozesses ist ein modularer Aufbau der Entsendungsleistungen mit vordefiniertem Kostenrahmen abbildbar.
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to determine the factors in work environment that contribute to the employee’s motivation and satisfaction. Moreover it was possible to prove the effects of executives’ behaviour on employee motivation. To this end, 103 workers were interviewed in an empirical study. The results confirm that salary has only a small influence on employee motivation. It was also found that good leadership has a correspondingly positive effect on motivation.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Lösungsansätze für eine kurz- und langfristige Implementierung einer Nachkalkulation herauszuarbeiten, um eine Kontrollfunktion der vorangegangenen Plankalkulation einzurichten. Diese Kontrollfunktion ist von großer Bedeutung, da sie Gewissheit über die Profitabilität einzelner Projekte und im weiteren Sinne der gesamten Unternehmung schaffen soll. Das Fehlen dieser Gewissheit lässt folglich nur eine Schätzung der Profitabilität zu.
Geeignete Lösungsansätze werden im Verlauf dieser Arbeit auf Basis des Abgleichs der Ist- Ausgangslage in den Werken St. Egidien, Sachsen und Kecskemét, Ungarn der ACPS Automotive GmbH mit den theoretischen Grundlagen der Literatur unter Berücksichtigung der verfügbaren Ressourcen erarbeitet. Eine sogenannte Soll-Ist-Analyse soll demnach Klarheit über die Abweichungen zwischen Plankosten und den tatsächlich angefallenen Ist-Kosten geben um korrektive Maßnahmen zu ergreifen.
Innovative and successful food waste management solutions often happened to have either an economic, ecological, or social positive impact. There are different types of food waste that are wasted at different stages of the supply chain and sustainable management treat this issue in its entirety.
A resource-efficiency handling of food creates and saves value in the food industry, helps reduce climate change and brings food security. Quantitative evidence from financial and nonfinancial benefits from business cases of countries such as the United Kingdom, proved that avoiding food wasting build a win-win situation for companies and consumers. Processes will be exposed to accelerate the implementation of food waste reduction policies at every stage of the supply chain and at every organization level.
This paper is aimed to measure the global degree of food waste and loss with trustworthy instruments and to provide a range of the most efficient and adapted ways to prevent it.
Some focus will be made in certain parts of the world because of the data’s availability and reliability. It also interests us to know what percentage of waste occurs, at which stage of the supply chain, what are the current existing solutions to avoid food waste and
loss and how is sustainable management playing the most efficient role.
Food wasting will be distinguished into two categories: organizations of entities (as countries, governments, cities, and companies) and individuals. Providing guidelines to be able to manage a sustainable production up till consumption will be the core concern of this paper.
Global key account management is the use of the key account management system aimed at global accounts; these global accounts can also be known as multinational companies. These types of companies are key players for business-to-business model companies as they might account for as much as 80% of all sales. At this level of importance, to lose a customer like that could be a death sentence for the business. Adopting a global key account management to keep these essential types of customers is a good strategy, knowing the tremendous value they provide. The company MinebeaMitsumi, being aware of this, brings up the case study for the initiation of a global key account management system, that will bring a best in class service to the key accounts of MinebeaMitsumi in the automotive market. To start this project, it is needed an assessment of the current situation in which MinebeaMitsumi operates to its key accounts. At the same time, it is intended to upgrade the digital infrastructure MinebeaMitsumi uses for its operations. The case study is presented as an exploration and analysis of MinebeaMitsumi and how should this new system be implemented in an early stage. This way, preparing the ground for a larger project at the time of full implementation.
When scaling, startups face managerial challenges and a downfall in innovation. A growing team and the resulting increased communication and organizational complexity bring issues previously not existing. Accountability Systems can assist startups overcome the mentioned issues and maintain their essence of innovation, vital for their success.
This paper discusses the relevance and benefits of implementing formal managerial systems in a growing startup. By mapping out the interdependence of culture, innovation and growth, it is demonstrated how Accountability Systems can support the preservation of an innovative culture when scaling a startup.
In a time when innovation is often disregarded due to a focus on process efficiency, Accountability Systems can provide a valuable tool for managing transition. This thesis serves as a general evaluation of Accountability Systems and their benefits. It is important to note that this paper is not intended to serve as a directly adaptable guide for startups.
This thesis talks about the relation between investor sentiment, stock return and trading volume in the German stock market. Six Granger causality tests were performed in order to determine, whether one of the above mentioned factors is indicative of the others. The results imply that investor sentiment is indicative of both, stock return and trading volume in the specified time period. However, there is no further significant evidence for other relations among the variables. The results are mostly in line with the literature available on this topic and back up the importance of the concept of investor sentiment as investor sentiment delivers an attempt to explain why investors behave irrationally on the stock market. Hence, the factors influencing investor sentiment should be subject to further research in order to gain a broader understanding of the topic.
Given the increasing diversity in today’s business environment and workforce, having the right skills and abilities to manage intercultural interactions become increasingly important. Universities and business schools try to equip their students with the right capabilities by sending them abroad for a study semester or internship.
Within this thesis, the multidimensional construct of Cultural Intelligence, which is defined as being effective in intercultural interactions will be introduced and how students’ international experiences are influencing it.
Using quantitative data from a self-conducted survey which includes the widely used and validated Cultural Intelligence Scale is going to demonstrate if both a study semester and an internship abroad influence Cultural Intelligence more than just one kind of international student experience. The study also tries to find out if previous international experience and Cultural Distance have a significant impact on Cultural Intelligence.
The results indicate that both kinds of international student experiences are not enhancing Cultural Intelligence more than just one type of student experience abroad. There is also no significant influence to be found from prior international experience and Cultural Distance. Although the survey results are not going to provide significant findings, internal and external factors which are enhancing this intelligence are going to be identified theoretically, as well as the positive effects of Cultural Intelligence on the business environment.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often said to increase efficiency which is why it is especially interesting to companies seeking possibilities to improve existing processes. Consequently, this thesis, written in cooperation with the Corporate Communications and Marketing / Public Affairs department at Marquardt GmbH, explores opportunities in this field by determining prerequisites that should be met when considering working with AI as well as risks that should be taken care of. In order to determine the department’s level and progress in the field of AI, the employees involved in the existing tasks and processes completed a questionnaire, resulting in the department being at the lowest level. Moreover, providers of tools within the fields of social bots, document classification, content marketing, media planning and sentiment analysis are compared with the help of utility analyses, allowing for a recommendation regarding what the next steps of the department should be. The fields were chosen premised on the emplyoees’ current tasks while information required for the analyses was obtained by contacting the providers as well as their websites. Based on findings of the thesis, the department is recommended not to follow the trend of AI immediately as the effort required would be disproportionate to the return.
In the past years, the German pension system has been experiencing severe pressure. Demographic changes and the resulting implications for the German labor market have forced various pension reforms and reduced overall pension benefits.
In recent years, researchers have developed various approaches to improve retirement schemes around the world. Apart from pension reforms, many of those approaches are based on recent findings within behavioral science – namely the nudge theory, which briefly stated holds that behavior of individuals can be influenced in a positive way without restricting freedom of choice. Within this thesis, findings and approaches have been applied to various parts of the German pension system, giving suggestions on how to overcome issues of insufficient participation and savings and unfavorable investments.
Next to the hypothetical benefit of applying nudging to the German pension system, the approaches are discussed with perspective to their controversy. In the context of cultural research, theoretical and practical approaches are assessed for applicability in Germany. Although they might provide a foundation for improvement, the approaches are critically examined regarding their acceptance and effectiveness within the German culture.
This Thesis is aimed at showing the extent to which the efficient functioning of a country’s financial system is important for the development of its economy. One of the main determinants of economic development is economic growth. The research focuses on the functions of the main actors of the financial system, and how these functions impact on the GDP which in turn impacts on economic growth.
Data from Books, Articles, and the Internet which show historical evidence of a positive correlation that exists between “the development and stability of a country’s financial system” and “the development of its economy” has been gathered to come up with an answer to this research question.
The German economy is used as a case study to establish this evidence. In the course of this research, data showing the development of the German financial markets and Banking sector from the period - pre and post 2008 financial crisis was gathered. As well, data showing the growth of its GDP through the same time span was gathered.
Following these data showing evidence of a positive correlation between the state of Germany’s Financial System and the state of its economy, it can be concluded that the efficient functioning of a country’s Financial System is to a greater extent, very important for the development of its Economy.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit der Thematik der ausbreitenden Digitalisierung und deren Einfluss auf den stationären Bekleidungshandel. Hinsichtlich dessen wirft die momentane Situation die Frage auf, ob der Einzelhandel in dieser Branche weiterhin ein zukunftsfähiger Absatzkanal ist, oder durch den Onlinehandel komplett verdrängt wird.
Der Fachkräftemangel. Eines der zentralen, arbeitsmarkpolitischen Themen der letzten Jahre. Das Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz, welches am 1. März 2020 in Kraft treten wird, eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten. Künftig werden auch Fachkräfte aus Nicht-EU-Ländern mit einer beruflichen - nicht zwingend akademischen - Ausbildung leichter nach Deutschland einreisen können, um hier zu arbeiten. Die große Frage ist, ob sich mit dem Gesetz tatsächlich aktuell bestehende und zukünftige Missstände beheben lassen. Die vorliegende Abschlussarbeit untersucht den Gesetzesentwurf am Beispiel der Handwerksberufe im Landkreis Konstanz, und analysiert welche Erfolge zu erwarten sind und wo das Gesetz an seine Grenzen stößt.
The understanding of what lies behind actions and how our mind functions is the basic requirement for effective and successful intercultural teamwork, management and leadership.
While the literature acknowledges the importance of cultural differences in influencing teamwork and management, it ignores differences in cognitive processes, that can influence how attitudes are developed and behaviors are manifested in local environments.
With this in mind, this paper examines the different learning styles, which are the foundation of thinking patterns, problem-solving methods and working styles of Chinese and German employees at IMS Gear. To get a better understanding of how the members of each culture approach a project, a project planning observation is conducted and the findings are compared.
Based on the results, different leadership styles are suggested.
The bachelor’s thesis deals with the question of whether a treatment with neurofeedback could provide a benefit for the members of an organization during a change process.
In particular, the motives and challenges of change projects were identified. Furthermore, the methods which can be used to reduce and even prevent these problems were examined. The non-achievement of basic human needs, the associated fear, the loss of trust and stress plays a major role here. A good change management is able to address some of these issues, for example through good communication and the implementation of a change vision. The difficulty is that people may be too stuck in their views, including previous bad experiences, to be helped by current methods. It could be shown, that the training with neurofeedback achieves positive and fast lasting effects. The thesis explains how the person to be treated must be prepared and what a training might look like. Various areas in which neurofeedback has already been successfully used are briefly described and it is investigated whether there are treatments for disorders that are similar for the resistances in change processes. Expert interviews have examined these assumptions more closely and provided a practical and concrete perspective on the treatment with neurofeedback in an organizational context.
Finally, it was found that training with neurofeedback in companies is quite an interesting option. At this stage, however, there is a lack of studies that can prove the concrete benefits. Until now, neurofeedback has been applied almost exclusively to the medical field and this will probably not change in the upcoming years due to the high complexity of the procedure. Other methods, such as yoga or meditation, are on the one hand easier to carry out and the other hand already established in society. However, since positive results have already been achieved with biofeedback and people are beginning to take an interest in it, this could be a first step towards neurofeedback.
Emerging markets are at the core of developing frugal innovations that create value in society. This research paper's overall purpose is to showcase how the emerging market of Zimbabwe has created frugal products through the company Econet Wireless Limited; that have brought a significant turnaround in the economy and, in doing so, have positively impacted the society. Additionally, the research problems of the company’s precise frugal innovations, how they create social value, and to what extent were investigated. The case study method was utilized, and data was collected using existing and or secondary data. Of the frugal innovations by Econet Wireless Limited, Ecocash, a mobile money service, provided a financial system for the unbanked and exbanked solving the money or coin shortage problem. Econet Solar, Econet’s brand for solar products, presented an alternative source to the country's lack of electricity. However, beneficial both products were discovered to have shortcomings that can be improved upon or corrected.
Stress is an omnipresent phenomenon that has been increasingly used in a daily context. The underlying concept and far-reaching consequences of prolonged stress however seem to be often underrated. Nevertheless, the digital transition and fast technological advancement have seemingly fuelled the stress experience and created new challenges such as information overload, dysfunctional detachment or far-reaching substitution potential of numerous jobs. In line with this development, there are several health insurance companies being growingly alarmed as a trend of incapacity to work stemming from mental disorders has assumed horrifying proportions. These present circumstances ought to urge employers greatly to take actions, given the fact that employees spend a considerable large percentage of their lifetime at work. Therefore, employers have to assume responsibility in protecting employee’s well-being. In this context, the present bachelor thesis aims to provide an action model for employers in how to establish a stress management model in the framework of a holistic operation health management. Furthermore, the established model shall address particularly young professionals who have recently entered the job market. This is justified by the major transitions a career starter usually undergoes which commonly constitutes a particular stressful time in an individual’s life. For this purpose, this scientific work further builds on creating a comprehension of the current state of research and literature that has been collected to date. Providing an updated literature review, this work builds on secondary analyses. The bachelor thesis emphasises the complex nature of stress depending on a wide range of influential factors that can be both internal and external (work design, technological advancement, inherent resources as well as social support). Accordingly, employers can take action in realising behavioural prevention measures (i.e. trainings in communication, time management and relaxation techniques) and environmental prevention measures (i.e. workplace improvements by reduction of noise/dirt pollution, ergonomic workplace design;work tasks improvementsby increased scope for control, flexible working and break times; supporting health-promoting behaviour, e.g. balanced and healthy canteen meals, fitness courses).
The goal of this research is to find out whether the hierarchical leadership style
of the German Bundeswehr influences their soldiers in a way, that they develop
certain competencies that are highly demanded in the agile companies in the free
market economy. For this purpose, the following question was asked: In which
ways does the leadership style of the German Bundeswehr influence the
motivation of the soldiers, their ability to work in a team and the relationship to
the direct leader?
To be able to answer this question in a proper way, scientific literature was used
to built a theoretical background. It was completed by a semi-structured,
qualitative interview with an expert of the German Bundeswehr. With nearly three
decades of experience, he is responsible for the coaching of leaders and has a
broad knowledge about the leadership culture of the German Bundeswehr.
Both, the literature and the expert are in agreement about the fact, that being a
soldier is more than a job, but a calling. Being a soldier means living for the higher
mission. Meaning, that the motivation for completing a task has to be higher than
the one of civil workers, because it is based on intrinsic motivation. Also, in the
Bundeswehr, it is essential to be able to work in a team, no matter if one has a
sympathy for the others or not. In contrast to the agile way of team work, the
military does not put a lot of effort in figuring out the best team constellation, but
rather focus on the best way to achieve the goal. So, for the soldiers it is inevitable
to be able to work in a team with all different kinds of people. Additionally, to be
able to go through privation and hard times together, the soldiers build close
connections among themselves and to their leaders. So, in comparison to a
mostly professional relationship between colleagues and superiors in the free
market, the soldiers often are friends in their personal life as well.
Based on the mentioned findings, it is possible to expect soldiers to be attractive
potential applicants for leading positions in agile organizations.
With the increasing environmental awareness and governmental regulations aimed at reduction of CO2 emissions car manufacturers who produce vehicles powered by diesel, or petrol engines, start to develop and produce electric vehicles in order to stay competitive in the market. However, not only conventional car manufacturers who have been successfully operating in the market for many years and do not want to lose their leading position because of this trend but also other companies and start-ups are trying to enter this industry or are already operating in the electric vehicle market. This raise the question whether the business models of the conventional car manufacturers are suitable for achieving success in the electric vehicles market.
This bachelor thesis compares the business models of the BMW Group and Tesla, Inc. in order to identify the differences between the business models of a conventional vehicle manufacturer and an electric vehicle manufacturer. Moreover, it examines the cost structure of both companies and reveals the differences.
An analysis of the inter-rater reliability of ESG ratings within the consumer staples industry
(2020)
The aim of this study is to gain further insights into whether ESG ratings of the same firms from different rating agencies differ. To this end, this study examines and compares in particular the ratings of the providers Bloomberg, Sustainalytics and MSCI for companies in the consumer staples industry. The study comes to the conclusion that there are in some cases significant differences between these three providers in terms of the respective ESG ratings. Furthermore, a company-size bias is shown for Bloomberg and Sustainalytics ESG ratings. It appears that these agencies rate companies with a large market capitalization better than firms with a lower market value. These large discrepancies in ESG ratings of companies within the consumer staples industry and individual rating problems, such as the company-size bias, mean that today's ESG ratings tend to be not reliable and not valid. The study shows that ESG ratings will have to change a lot in the near future in order to contribute positively to the investment selection of socially responsible investors.
Games are characterized above all by the fact that players naturally show a very high willingness to play. By using Gamification, one attempts to transfer this high motivational potential to other contexts by integrating elements of a game in a non-playing situation.
This bachelor thesis deals with the research question of how Gamification can influence the motivation and performance of users. It discusses how a gamified system must be designed in order to get the best possible benefit. Furthermore, the risks of Gamification are named and measures to reduce these risks are mentioned.
The methodology used is a literature search in which Gamification and its components are first defined, followed by a definition of motivation and performance. Furthermore, typically used game elements are presented and their effects are explained. Gamification is categorized according to two different approaches, differentiating between various types of Gamification. In order to explain the motivational effect, various psychological motivation theories are presented. The focus is on the self-determination theory according to Deci and Ryan, where the fulfilment of the needs of competence, autonomy and social relatedness are crucial for the emergence and maintenance of motivation. This theory is also used to understand performance improvements.
By presenting practical experiments in which Gamification systems have been developed, it becomes apparent that Gamification can have positive effects on the motivation and performance of users, provided that the basic psychological needs mentioned above are addressed. However, negative effects and various risks that Gamification can entail were also identified. For example, the ability to work in a team, the self confidence of the users, and the quality of the work can suffer if Gamification is implemented incorrectly.
For future research, it is essential to focus more on the interaction of different game elements, to differentiate between the quantity and quality of the achieved results, and to observe the long-term effects of a gamified system.
Diese Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit dem weltweiten Problem der Integration von Autisten in den Arbeitsmarkt. Um den Problemen einer misslungenen Inklusion entgegenzuwirken bedarf es einer dringenden Aufklärung und der gebotenen Sensibilität für dieses Thema. Allein in Deutschland sind schätzungsweise 80 % aller Menschen mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störung arbeitslos, obwohl diejenigen, die beispielsweise mit dem s.g. Hochfunktionalem Autismus diagnostiziert wurden dazu tendieren, in manchen Bereichen qualifizierter als der Durchschnittsbürger zu sein. Vor allem die IT-Branche könnte von diesem ungenutzten Talentpool profitieren, da dort ein großer Fachkräftemangel herrscht. Einige der mit Autismus diagnostizierten Mitbürger verfügen über spezielle Fähigkeiten und einem enormen Interesse in den Bereichen Mathematik und sind begabt darin, Muster und Abläufe zu erkennen. Sie haben eine höhere Konzentrationsfähigkeit und zeichnen sich durch eine stark fokussierte Arbeitsweise aus. Daher könnte man Autisten mit diesen Interessen und Fähigkeiten beispielsweise sehr gut als Softwaretester, Analytiker oder im Bereich der Cybersecurity eingliedern. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist es ein Bewusstsein und eine Akzeptanz gegenüber autistischen Mitmenschen zu schaffen. Unternehmen sollen verstehen, dass sie mit der Integration von Autisten nicht nur den Menschen helfen, indem sie ihnen ein eigenständiges Leben ermöglichen, sondern auch selbst die einzigartigen Fähigkeiten als wertvolle Ressource nutzen können. Dazu wird folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt: „Können Autisten die Zukunft der IT-Branche beeinflussen?“ Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten wurden ausschließlich sekundäre Daten aus Forschungsberichten, Statistiken, anerkannten Magazinen und Büchern verwendet und ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen zum großen Teil die Annahme, dass immer noch zu wenig für eine gelingende Inklusion von Autisten in den Arbeitsmarkt getan wird. Auch wird aufgezeigt, dass entgegen der negativ belasteten Denkweise gegenüber Autisten, diese zum Teil ein großes Potential für die IT-Branche darstellen.
With the advent of a worldwide internationalization and globalization companies around the globe have been looking to increase their market shares abroad (K Aiginger, H Handler, 2017).
For the German automotive industry in particular and therefore the German tool industry respectively, the Chinese market has become a very lucrative and important marketplace in recent years (A Fraß, 2016).
This thesis is presenting a case study for the German family-run business Hufschmied Zerspanungssysteme GmbH. It is meant as a foundation and guideline for any future business endeavors in the Chinese market for Hufschmied Zerspanungssysteme GmbH. This thesis consequently examines the current market situation for the tool industry in China and analyses Hufschmied´s competitiveness of its current product portfolio.
The German machine tool industry is supplying different branches in China, for this case study a closer look at the aviation industry and automotive industry will be taken.
The Chinese market has been exhibiting a large growth over the last few years, but current events such as the implementation of tariffs (UN, 2020) and the recent outbreak of the Covid-19 Virus (SM Iacus et al., 2020) might mitigate the attractiveness of the market. Without a doubt there are both Challenges and Opportunities for the German machine tool industry in the Chinese market.
Accordingly, the thesis will with the combination of empirical research data and a market analysis of the Chinese market draw a conclusion to which degree the Chinese market offers challenges and opportunities for the German machine tool industry. Additionally, a PEST-Analysis of the Chinese market will provide further insights regarding the market situation in the target market.
This thesis will employ qualitative research methods, the needed data is going to be acquired from primary and secondary sources. As for primary sources, observations and interviews will be used, secondary sources will consist of articles as well as related literature.
Die Arbeitswelt wird zunehmend dynamischer und komplexer und was heute noch als neu gilt könnte morgen schon wieder veraltet sein. Im Rahmen dieser Ausarbeitung wird eine Bestandsaufnahme der drei Bereiche Führung-/Organisationstheorie, Digitaler Wandel und der Wertewandel erfasst und die aus jedem Bereich resultierenden Implikationen für Unternehmen und Führungskräfte ermittelt. Dabei wird in der Führungstheorie besonders der Ansatz der Ambidextrie-Führung betrachtet, dessen Modell der gleichzeitigen Ausrichtung eines Unternehmens auf explorative und exploitative Aktivitäten, in den letzten Jahren große Zustimmung erfahren hat. Um die praktische Umsetzung des theoretischen Konzepts der Ambidextrie-Führung untersuchen zu können wurden dabei die beiden Führungsstile der Transformationalen- und der Transaktionalen Führung auf die Aktivitätenfelder der Exploration und Exploitation übertragen. Damit Unternehmen und Führungskräfte einer ganzheitlichen Mitarbeiterführung nachgehen können und dadurch die wahrgenommene Qualität der Führung steigern ist ein holistisches Verständnis aller drei Bereiche notwendig.
This research focuses on explaining the relevance of social media and innovation process within companies. The main scope of this paper is to explain the different types and platforms of social media, how they can be of an importance to companies & businesses and to explain in details which aspects of the Innovation process could be influenced by social media. In order to develop a deeper understanding, an interview with Chief Innovation Officer Dr. Marcell Vollmer was conducted, followed by a mini case study and market research to test the validity of the information received. Several factors can work as a barrier on the way of utilizing social media networks for business purposes as well as current and future challenges, what they are and what their possible outcomes are, are discussed in details in this paper.
In recent decades, the topic of increasing wealth and income inequalities has received growing attention in research. The focus was frequently placed on examining past developments and influencing factors, which might have produced the present distributions.
This thesis attempts to summarize the effects of past developments and tendencies on the distribution of income and wealth of households based on the findings of existing academic literature. An understanding of the underlying forces is particularly important to respond correctly and effectively to rising inequality. In addition, this thesis aims at presenting the distribution of income and wealth in the euro area with respect to similarities and differences across euro area countries. For this purpose, data provided through the Household Finance and Consumption Survey has been used. Furthermore, the observations have been compared to corresponding data on income and wealth distributions in the United States, allowing for a better assessment of the circumstances in the euro area. The Federal Reserve Board and the U.S. Census Bureau published data on household wealth and income in the United States, which has been utilized in this thesis. The observed points in time are 2010 and 2014.
The conducted investigations and analyses yielded the result that relevant developments have been the process of globalization, the technological advancement, the evolution of labour markets, the growing importance of capital, the changes in governmental policies and societal developments. Furthermore, it could be shown that both income and wealth tend to be unequally distributed within and between euro area countries. In fact, wealth appeared to be much more concentrated than income. Large heterogeneity across countries was detected. Nevertheless, the degree of inequality is less severe than the one observed in the United States.
This thesis proposes the adoption of renewable energies as a means to foster economicdiversification in oil and gas dependent rentier states. Surprisingly, oil and gas endowment does not always imply wealth and prosperity, mirroring the on-going debate whether natural resource dependent countries are blessed or cursed by their resource abundance.
This thesis seeks to bridge this gap by focussing on rentier states and the question whether rentier states are cursed or blessed. Based on the example of Oman, the proposed approach will be closely assessed. Additionally, the Sultanate’s challenges stemming from natural resource dependence and its preparedness for a post-oil era will be investigated.
Moreover, this thesis will analyze whether a paradigm shift in Oman’s energy sector can mitigate prevailing challenges and support the country’s economic diversification.
These three research questions will be answered through surveying and analyzing literature and data pertinent to the research topic. Findings indicate that rentier states tend to be more vulnerable to the resource curse and the impending fossil fuel depletion as it could cause public outcry and political and economic turmoil. Oman as a rentier state faces a grim post-oil era, fueled by many challenges, including dwindling oil and financial reserves, productivity losses driven by labor market distortions and rapid population growth.
Finally, findings suggest that the combination of economic and energy diversification can have strong positive effects on the Omani economy, such as freeing oil and gas reserves for export revenues, job creation, and private sector strengthening. However, Oman’s renewable energy industry is still in its infancy and faces various challenges, ranging from absent policies and adequate financing to heavily subsidized fossil fuels. As of now, the proposed approach is overly ambitious as the installed renewable energy capacity is too low to create significant employment opportunities or to free oil and gas for export purposes. However, heightened volatilities and economic shocks in recent years were eyeopening for the Omani government and have resulted in stronger efforts to enforce economic development plans. Similarly, the political transition after the death of Sultan Qaboos injected new impetus into Oman’s economy, which will facilitate the diversification of economic bases.
This study is aimed at valuing two companies in the IT services industry with different valuation approaches. Therefore, the preconditions for an accurate and meaningful business value as well as the procedure, strengths and limitations of these approaches are examined. Additionally, the accuracy of the results is determined through comparison of valuation estimates with their corresponding stock prices occurring within the three months following the business valuations.
Furthermore, it is examined if one valuation approach is superior in terms of accuracy. Finally, to verify the quality and explanatory power of the valuation results, they are compared with the outcomes of the study on the information content of equity analyst reports by Paul Asquith, Michael B. Mikhail and Andrea S. Au. The results of the business valuations show that within the three-month period, no price target was exactly achieved by the corresponding stock prices.
Furthermore, no valuation approach could be determined that is significantly more accurate than the others. It can be concluded that despite some limitations in the explanatory power of the valuations, the average percentage approximations of Mastercard’s and Visa’s stock prices to target prices were only slightly below those of the comparative study. In view of the fact that the research capacities and experience behind these business valuations are significantly lower than those of the top analysts in the comparative study, the results are considered consistent with the outcomes of the study on the information content of equity analyst reports.
Die Automobilindustrie ist im Wandel. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die umweltpolitischen, gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftspolitischen Einflussfaktoren, die den Umstieg von Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotor auf Fahrzeuge mit nachhaltigeren, alternativen Antriebskonzepten mobilisieren. Die Elektrifizierung des Antriebsstrangs hat finanzielle Auswirkungen auf die Halter von batterieelektrischen Fahrzeugen, die in dieser Arbeit betrachtet werden.
Das Ziel der Bachelorthesis ist es, die Veränderung in der Cost of Ownership von Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV-Fahrzeugen) zu analysieren und deren Auswirkungen zur Sicherstellung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Porsche Fahrzeugen zu identifizieren. Dazu werden die Cost of Ownership-Berechnungen des Porsche Taycan mit seinen direkten Wettbewerbern aus dem Premiumsegment aufgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Anhand weiterer Cost of Ownership-Bewertungen von Fahrzeugen mit batterieelektrischem Antrieb, hybridem Antrieb und konventionellem Verbrennungsmotor aus dem Kleinwagen- und Geländewagensegment, sind die beeinflussbaren Kostentreiber der Cost of Ownership-Komponenten Versicherungskosten und Instandhaltungskosten bei BEV-Fahrzeugen identifiziert worden.
Die Resultate der Cost of Ownership-Vergleiche sind für den technischen Aftersales der Porsche AG im Rahmen der Produktbeeinflussung von großer Bedeutung. Die Versicherungskosten, Wartungskosten und Verschleißreparaturkosten können optimal beeinflusst werden, um in den Unterhaltskosten die Sicherstellung von Porsche Fahrzeugen im Wettbewerbsumfeld zu gewährleisten.
In a fast-evolving world, technological innovations can disrupt existing processes and behaviors. The rising trend of digital collaboration brings new possibilities through technology and can have a significant impact on organizations and their employees. But during the implementation, decision makers tend to focus on the IT-part, leaving their employees with a new application with a broad range of functions which they don’t know what to do with. The new tool also can have complex implications on the way of working and must be learnt from the technical side. This results in the question, whether an individual end-user activation with a comprehensive change management and learning activities would be necessary for the implementation, which will be answered in this thesis “Collaboration technologies in DAX30 companies - How important is a targeted end-user activation during and after the implementation of Microsoft Teams and Co.?”. In order to cover the different aspects of a targeted end user activation the topic was split up into three research questions: 1. How should the skills and attitudes of employees change, so that collaboration technologies are used effectively? 2. What factors need to be considered in the change management for sustainable activation? 3. What is the ideal design of learning formats for an end-user activation?
To answer these research questions in a well-founded and valid way, the method of expert interviews was chosen after an extensive literature search. Therefore, 3 experts from this field were interviewed on the topic and the collected qualitative data critically analyzed on the knowledge basis of the literature. Also, this thesis is written in collaboration with the company Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, which provided information on the topic and experience of experts.
The results can be used for organizations to decide on relevance and the way and strategy of implementing a new collaboration technology. They showed, that an implementation can be very complex and that many aspects should be considered for the employees to be able to work effectively with the new technology. Most important is an user centric approach with the needs and expectations of the affected employees at its core, which should be individually developed after a careful analysis of each organization. The skills and attitude toward a new way of collaborating, the mentality in communicating and sharing culture of exchanging work and results should be applied by the employees in order to work effectively. Therefore, a targeted end-user activation is highly recommended during and after the implementation of the new technology.
Die heutige globale Umweltproblematik ist ein Phänomen, welches in unserer Gesellschaft zunehmend eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Aufgrund der Bedrohung der Lebenssicherheit, der Lebensmittelversorgung sowie der Ressourcenknappheit auf unserem Planeten, ist es notwendig die Herausforderungen des Klimawandels zu bewältigen. Unternehmen stehen hierbei als Mitverursacher ebenso in der Verantwortung dieser Problematik. Ihr Beitrag zum Klimaschutz trägt zu einer wichtigen positiven Entwicklung bei. Wie kann ein Unternehmen der Verantwortung für die Bewältigung des Klimawandels nachkommen? Was wird dafür benötigt? Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert im ersten Schritt die Anwendung des Systems des Carbon Accountings für eine Unternehmung und legt einen speziellen Fokus auf die Methode der freiwilligen Kompensation. Hierzu werden Kriterien untersucht, welche für die Auswahl eines qualitativen Klimaschutzprojektes entscheidend sind. Abschließend wird am Beispiel des Schweizer Unternehmens Holle baby food AG ein regionales Klimaschutzprojekt, welches in das bestehende Kompensationsportfolio aufgenommen werden soll, analysiert und bewertet. Die Methodik dieser Arbeit basiert auf theoretischen Konzeptionen, woraus anschließend Handlungsempfehlungen erarbeitet werden. Die Herangehensweise und Gegebenheiten eines Unternehmens spielen bei der Anwendung des Carbon Accountings sowie der freiwilligen Kompensation eine entscheidende Rolle. Aufgrund nicht eindeutig definierter gesetzlicher Regelungen im Bereich der freiwilligen Kompensation wird Unternehmen empfohlen, sich an folgenden Kriterien zu orientieren: Zusätzlichkeit, Vermeidung von Doppelzählung, Standards und Zertifizierungen, Preise, soziale sowie nachhaltige Aspekte und Transparenz. Das regionale Kompensationsprojekt der Holle baby food AG erfüllt diese Kriterien. Dennoch ist es unabdingbar wichtig, dass sich das Unternehmen darüber hinaus mit der konkreten Minderung und Vermeidung der Treibhausgase im eigenen Wertschöpfungsprozess beschäftigt.
Die Relevanz von Photovoltaikanlagen nimmt unter anderem aufgrund der Folgen des Klimawandels stetig zu. Deshalb hat die EGT Energievertrieb GmbH das Klimaretter-Paket, bestehend aus Photovoltaikanlage und Speicher, auf den Markt gebracht. Momentan wird dieses Paket im Netzgebiet der EGT angeboten. Um mehr Umsätze generieren zu können, soll der Vertrieb auf Deutschland ausgeweitet werden.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es eine Vertriebsstrategie für den deutschlandweiten Vertrieb des Klimaretter-Pakets zu entwickeln. Dazu werden folgende Forschungsfragen gestellt: Was sind mögliche Vertriebskanäle und Kommunikationsstrategien für das Klimaretter-Paket? und Welche Strategie ist die passendste für den deutschlandweiten Vertrieb des Klimaretter-Pakets?
Um diese zu beantworten, werden der Zielmarkt, die aktuelle Marktsituation, sowie Mitbewerber beleuchtet. Dies beachtend werden mögliche Vertriebskanäle und Kommunikationsstrategien vorgestellt und anschließend bewertet. Hierbei stellen soziale Medien, gefolgt vom Suchmaschinenmarketing und dem Radio die beste Möglichkeit dar. Diesen folgend repräsentieren die eigenen Vertriebsmitarbeiter, E-Mailing und Display Marketing weitere Alternativen.
Damit der größtmögliche Erfolg für die EGT erzielt werden kann, wird vorgeschlagen eine Mehrkanal-Strategie bestehend aus Sozialen Medien, Suchmaschinenoptimierung, Radiowerbung und eigenen Vertriebsmitarbeitern zu implementieren.
Allgeier ES has recently bought the company GES. This company focuses on software applications for the public sector. Therefore, the business model of GES differs from the business modell of Allgeier ES. Nevertheless, GES should be integrated into the reporting system of Allgeier under the name Business Unit Public Sector. In scope of this work the requirements for the reporting of the business unit public sector are identified. This thesis deals with the question how the theories of contribution margin accounting can be applied to improve the reporting of Allgeier ES, especially for the new Business Unit Public Sector. It also analyzes if a multi-level contribution margin accounting is necessary. The disadvantages of absorption costing are lined out together with the reason why contribution margin accounting might be the better choice to make short term business decisions. This thesis also describes how the calculation of the hourly cost rate affects the contribution margin for different reporting objects. The profit center and cost center structure also influences the contribution margin. Hence, in scope of this thesis, the effects of the profit and cost center structures on the contribution margin are lined out. This thesis also lines out how the multi-level contribution margin accounting can be applied on a profit center calculation. Additionally, there is a discussion if the company overhead should be allocated to the Business Unit. This Thesis considers the arguments against and for the allocation of company overhead.
Chapter 1 will focus on explaining the main ideas around which this dissertation centers and explain individual terms that are crucial to understanding the problem of sustainability in the aviation industry and mention some measures that have been taken so far to tackle it. It will go through the development of aviation as we know it today, how climate change redefined business towards sustainability and modern trends among younger generations who fight for the protection of the environment and guarantee economic sustainability in order to provide future generations with a healthy planet to live and thrive on.
Chapter 2 will dive into the intricacies of taxing carbon emissions and its effects on the economy, the European Trading Scheme and how it has affected aviation in Europe and the world, as well as explaining what compensation initiatives are and focusing on atmosfair’s program to help offset carbon emissions.
Chapter 3 will finally present a set of new measures which would allow the aviation industry to be taxed more fairly and help reduce the amount of carbon emitted by relocating passengers to other modes of transport, motivate manufacturers to increase their innovativeness and come up with more efficient alternatives to fossil fuels, all of this without harming the global network of aviation that keeps our world united.
It will not focus on the politics behind the implementation of a new carbon compensation tax, only its economic impact. The cases and theoretical examples applied in the text will be centered on short-haul flights within the European Union and European Economic Area, although the covered initiative could also be applied to medium- and long-haul flights inside and outside of the EU.
This thesis tries to answer questions with respect to a future cultured meat industry, that is what influences consumer behavior and which consumers will be likely to buy cultured meat products. In addition I am trying to answer the question if there even will be a cultured meat industry in the future or whether the current developments can be seen more like a bubble that will disappear once enough money is burned with no profits made. Answering these research questions was quite a challenge, even though I did an extensive amount of research the lack of available data was not ideal. Therefore, I need to acknowledge that with more available data more precise conclusions could have been drawn. Nevertheless, through my research I could conclude that the cultured meat industry, which is shortly before bringing the first products to market is unlikely to disappear. The technology seems sound and the concept behind it seems to make sense. Regarding potential consumers I concluded that marketers should try to identify consumers who go through extensive problem solving when making food or rather lifestyle choices. These consumers might be best to approach when launching the first marketing campaigns for a cultured meat product.
The presented thesis studies Artificial Intelligence-based tools which are currently used in recruiting. The guiding research questions ask which ethical implications exist when using different so-called robot recruiting tools, and how these implications apply to the German healthcare sector. The analysis is based on a comprehensive literature review. First, an overview over eight different tools is given, then they are analyzed regarding their ethical implications. Finally, the practical example of the healthcare sector in Germany is discussed. The eight tools are considered in regard to the specific need of larger hospitals. The thesis shows that when applying artificial intelligence-based tools, severe ethical concerns, mostly on the questions of non-discrimination, data security and integrity of an organization, can arise. Because of that, the thesis recommends that human resource managers should be very careful when applying Artificial Intelligence-based tools.
In dieser Arbeit geht es um das Thema „Bewertung und Entwicklung der Immobilienpreise in Europa von 1999 bis 2019“. Die Zunahme der Immobilienpreise hat große Auswirkungen auf alle Bevölkerungsschichten und Ihrer Kaufkraft. Immobilien sind durch ihre Eigenschaft an den Standort gebunden, dies macht einen Vergleich mit normalen Gütern schwerer. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die Entwicklung von Deutschland und innerhalb der Europäischen Union zu untersuchen und Faktoren zu untersuchen, die für Veränderungen der Immobilienpreise verantwortlich sind. Zudemsoll durch die Anwendung nominierter Bewertungsmethoden, die Bewertung von Immobilien nachvollziehbar sein. Mit der Methode “Literaturrecherche” wird die Entwicklung der Immobilienpreise für Deutschland von 1999 bis 2019 untersucht. Im Theorieteil werden die nominierten Bewertungsmethoden für Deutschland dargestellt und im praktischen Teil angewendet. Es wird festgestellt, dass sich die Immobilienpreise in unterschiedlichen Regionen in Abhängigkeit ihrer Zu-bzw. Abwanderung stark veränderten. Großstädte mit einer starken Zuwanderung wachsen schneller als die Bautätigkeit neue Wohneinheiten erstellt. Dies führt zu einem Nachfrageüberschuss und zu stärker wachsenden Immobilienpreisen als in Städten mit geringerem Zuwachs. Das Land Deutschland wird daher in aktive und passive Räume unterteilt. Die Steigerung der Immobilienpreise in Deutschland ist im Verlauf der Jahre 1999 bis 2019 auf strengere Normen und Vorschriften für die Bautätigkeit, steigende Baukosten und strengere Energievorschriften zurückzuführen. Die Entwicklung innerhalb Europas von 1999 bis 2019 wird mit Deutschland verglichen. In Deutschland hat sich der Hauspreis innerhalb der letzten fünfzig Jahre kaum verändert, dies lässt sich auf die Vergabe von festen Zinsen für Kredite zurückführen. Es wurde bei der Analyse im europäischen Vergleich festgestellt, dass die Immobilienpreise stärker gestiegen sind als die Einkommen. Die Auswirkung ist eine Verschlechterung der Leistbarkeit und Erhöhung der Haushaltsverschuldung. Die Höhe des Bruttoinlandsprodukts, wird beeinflusst durch eine stark wachsende Wirtschaftund hat somit auch Einfluss auf die Arbeitslosenquote, welche sich in der Entwicklung der Immobilienpreise widerspiegelt. Die Krisen haben verschiedene Einflüsse auf den internationalen Immobilienmarkt. Hier ist die Höhe der Inflation ein Treiber für den Anstieg von Immobilienpreisen
While corporate valuation is among the most applied tools in today's corporate finance, there are several approaches and methods to valuation, which differ regarding structure, value drivers and their need for supplementing data. In this paper, four valuation methods for public-traded companies are examined. The aim is to determine, if it is possible to achieve superior valuation results when the choice of the valuation method is based on recommendations made in literature and the analysis of the target companies characteristics, profile and fundamentals. For a selected set of six public-traded German software companies the four valuation methods are applied in order to test the assumptions. Based on the analysis, the results suggest that superior valuation outcomes can be obtained by choosing the valuation method in accordance with the recommendations made in literature and the target company's profile and financials. Furthermore, implied multiples and DCF stand out as valuation methods that worked best for the majority of the six German software companies.
New developments in decentralized ledger technologies may have a huge impact on how we perceive and use money now and in the future. Most notably, it has led to the development of cryptocurrencies and a variation thereof –stablecoins. This thesis discusses the potential impact of Proof of Work based cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin on the money market and the central bank’s ability to maintain control over the money supply. The IS-LM model is used to evaluate the effects of a private-issued digital currency. However, due to the characteristics of POW based cryptocurrencies, their impact on the money market is neglectable. In contrast, private-issued stablecoins of large international businesses with the potential of gaining enough users to overcome hindering network effects may pose a serious threat to the financial system, if there is no regulation on their usage.
As a response to this development and combined with the phenomenon of a declining cash usage in many countries, central banks have started to conduct research in their own digital currency, namely central bank digital currency (CBDC). Countries such as Sweden or The Bahamas have already started with the implementation of trial phases of their respective CBDC. However, design choices of the country’s digital currency differ due to financial, geographical, and cultural circumstances, among others. Nevertheless, many countries have utilized decentralized ledger technologies as the underlying technology for CBDC, showing its promising potential for further research and future developments.
Industry 4.0, a term coined at Hannover Messe in Germany in 2011, is believed to be the next disruptive force, driving human progress and innovation. The advent of technologies, such as the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, and new Mobile Technologies, fuel this disruption. To enable Industry 4.0, mankind is dependent on technological infrastructure, provided by companies, operating in the semiconductor industry. Over the last years, these companies have increased their profits and their stocks are currently trading near all-time highs. Yet, uncertainty created by the disruption of Industry 4.0, the growing influence of China on the semiconductor market, economic insecurities created by political uncertainties, like the 2020 US Presidential election, and the risk and implications of a second global wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, make the equity valuation of leading and established companies in the semiconductor industry exceptionally challenging. This paper examines, how different equity valuation methods compare under said circumstances and shows sophisticated valuation methods must be used to limit valuation error. Further, this paper gives an estimation of the possible ranges of value and suggests the industry may currently be overvalued.
A response to the Global Financial Crisis was the introduction of the Basel III regulatory requirements. The newly adapted Basel accord should incorporate lessons learned such as the need for counteracting the procyclicality of the previous Basel II regulation and the missing liquidity and leverage standards. Spain, however, had already implemented a countercyclical macroprudential instrument as well as granular credit register, for monitoring unfavourable credit developments before this regulation and was still not able to mitigate the double-tip recession that started in 2008.
Therefore, this thesis discusses the financial stability protection potential of macroprudential instruments like the ones implemented with Basel III and macroprudential statistic such as the new credit register AnaCredit. Spain has been taken as an empirical example for examining the instruments’ efficiency due to the pioneering steps towards macroprudential measures.
The results show that Spain had already implemented very useful measures which definitely have the potential of contributing to financial soundness. The amendment to the efficiency of these measures is the prerequisite of continuous improvement and complementary policy actions. Otherwise excessive credit growth developments, which can initiate financial instability, cannot be detected or controlled sufficiently as it was the case in Spain.
The limitation to this analysis is the need for further observation of the developments in the Euro system. This is important especially for the Liquidity and Leverage components of Basel III, as there have not been similar measures implemented in Spain. In the future it has to be monitored if the Basel III instruments and AnaCredit actually detect the vulnerabilities before a systemic collapse or whether the financial development of the countries remains similar to the Spanish development.
The study analyses the German immigration profile and its impact on the labour market, put into a global context. An extensive literature review and an empirical analysis provide insights into the current situation of migration in Germany and on a global level. Furthermore, profiles of a global migrant and German immigrant will be created. For the analysis of the labour market, selected research articles provide econometric results that are being used to determine the impact of immigrants on the labour market on a global level as well as in Germany.
These two main areas of immigration are then basis for the comparison of Germany and the global level. The main goal is to find out, whether Germany is in a particularly challenging situation with migration and its impact on the labour market.
The results indicate firstly, it faces the second highest number of immigration worldwide as of 2019. Secondly, the recent high inflow of asylum-seekers has to be absorbed in society and labour markets and thirdly, Germany has to compete against other countries with more attractive pull-factors for highly-skilled workers. Indeed, it can be concluded that Germany is in a challenging situation regarding migration. Nontheless, the labour market impact results show little variation comparing Germany and the global level and indicate positive effects of immigration on certain skill-levels. However, there is no ultimate consensus reached so far.
The contributions of migrants will then be further elaborated, connected to migration patterns observed and result in an outlook on migration and in recommendations for policymakers.
A growing population, climate change, animal welfare and health concerns are issues with increasing relevance. They draw attention to new technologies that focus on more sustainable and healthier solutions. This thesis analyses the market of meat substitutes with the aim of getting a deeper understanding of the market drivers, what contributes to consumer acceptance and a successful market positioning. The focus lies on the factors that make meat substitutes successful alternatives in Germany.
The research includes previous literature, expert interviews and a marketing mix analysis. The secondary literature is used to introduce the topic, to analyse the market drivers and to gain insights into consumer food choice behaviour, whereas the expert interviews focus on market assessment and effective company positioning. The marketing-mix analysis is conducted on the basis of purchased meat substitute products which are compared to regular meat products. The researcher included a place analysis that takes the entire German market into account, as well as a promotional analysis that highlights effective marketing strategies.
Based on the findings of the thesis, it can be concluded that animal welfare, sustainability and health trends are major drivers of meat substitutes. The market is expanding and has great future potential. However, large scale consumer acceptance is highly dependent on the preferred sensory properties such as authentic taste and texture, as well as a product variety that meets German consumer preferences. All in all, the promotion of meat replacement products should focus on a combination of benefits that include both functional and emotional aspects.
This literature review-based study reveals that there are reasons for the acceptance of the effectiveness of equine-supported leadership trainings. Results show that people are able to transfer knowledge to a situation which is different from the learning situation (Baldwin & Ford, 1988). Additionally, this research deals with the assumption that empathy can be raised through the equine-facilitated trainings. This hypothesis is proven by the results of empathy improvement in autistic people during equine-assisted activities (Malcolm, Ecks and Pickersgill, 2018).
In recent years, the topics of new work and agile practices have received growing at-tention. The concept and mindset Working Out Loud are embedded in this field. It is described by five practices and attitudes being visible work, relationships, leading with generosity, purposeful discovery, and having a growth mindset.
The present study attempts to evaluate whether it holds that this concept is predomi-nantly adopted by employees in hierarchical companies. The underlying assumption is that employees in hierarchical settings are deprived of a sense of self-efficacy which they gain by applying Working Out Loud. The results and conclusions are based on a combination of the findings of existing academic literature and the outcomes of con-ducted interviews with Working Out Loud promoters. As the concept Working Out Loud is not yet scientifically proven, the interviews are particularly important to draw relevant conclusions. For this purpose, employees were asked questions aiming at de-fining the present organizational structure in their companies and the underlying rea-sons for them engaging in Working Out Loud practices.
The conducted interviews and analyses yielded the result that employees tend to adopt Working Out Loud practices due to an underlying missing sense of self-efficacy, among other reasons. It could be shown that although not previously selected, the in-terview sample of Working Out Loud promoters appeared to be predominantly posi-tioned in hierarchical structures. Whether this proves the hypothesis right or whether the benefit and visible change in a hierarchical context is higher than in an agile one, needs to be further analyzed in future research.
Der Wirtschaftsboom in China der sich über die vergangenen Jahre beobachten ließ, hat dafür gesorgt, dass China global den wichtigsten und größten Markt für Automobilhersteller darstellt. In Bezug auf Volumen, Wachstum und Umsatz ist kein anderer Markt wie der chinesische Markt. Dadurch bietet er auch Besonderheiten, die kein anderer Markt bietet. Aus diesem Grund liegt es nahe, dass Trends sowie Veränderungen des Kaufverhaltens, der potentiellen Kunden genauestens beobachtet werden sollten, um langfristigen Erfolg zu garantieren, was eine Herausforderung für Automobilhersteller und deren Produktportfolio, sowie Marketingmaßnahmen bedeuten kann. In dieser Arbeit werden die aktuellen Trends im chinesischen Automarkt und das daraus resultierende Konsumentenverhalten untersucht. Um dies zu analysieren wurde eine Umfrage durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage zeigen unter Anderem, dass als klassisch zu bezeichnenden Faktoren immer noch einen hohen Stellenwert für chinesische Kunden haben und deutsche Marken auch unter jüngeren Generationen, Vorrang vor landeseigenen Marken haben. Aber auch Trends zur Elektromobilität, Car-Hailing Diensten und Onlinekonnektivität ließen sich feststellen.
This thesis aims to explain corporate visions from a psychological perspective to examine its effects for the individual and the organization.
Therefore, the existing literature on the topic of vision and psychological theories has been reviewed. Psychological theories from cognitive, social, and positive psychology, as well as the psychology of emotion, have been applied to the topic of corporate vision.
Derived from complexity theory, visions can function as positive emotional attractors (PEA), which trigger various psychological processes. Visions activate the default mode network and lead to mental simulations, such as the simulation of a best possible self, which contribute to perceived meaning in life and lead to an increase in positive affect. Further, the PEA leads to adapting a promotion focus. Affective forecasting of the future serves as a motivator. Anticipated emotions can lead to the impact bias and emotional contagion, which are important for the communication of the corporate vision. From the perspective of social psychology, Schwartz’s theory of values and social identity theory can explain the effects of corporate visions. Growth-oriented values can trigger a promotion focus in the individual, therefore being motivating.
Social Identity theory further states, that if an organization’s values are similar to those of the individual, the individual can experience organizational identity.
What happens in a situation in which an individual is given a quality task for no compensation while knowing that someone else receives a reward for the same effort? If a performance drop occurs, does the individual's fairness sensitivity play a dependent role? These questions are approached theoretically and experimentally within this thesis. As a foundation, the most critical insights from the psychological investigation of extrinsic rewards and its impact on intrinsic motivation and performance are reviewed. Furthermore, relevant findings regarding fairness are introduced from varying fields of research. The conducted double-blind experiment suggests with limited confidence that the higher an individual's fairness sensitivity in a situation of perceived unfair treatment, the lower the performance.
This paper proposes to consider the influence of transparency in leadership styles on work performance and satisfaction. In an experimental setting, a pair of strangers were advised to solve a Sudoku in a digital environment under time pressure. With an induced hierarchy, the leader was able to view the task and the timer, whereas only the subordinate was enabled to actively edit the riddle. The treatment group was told to transparently communicate the intended leadership style during the preparation phase. The results indicate that transparency has a significant positive effect on the performance and the satisfaction of the teams. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that transparency may not be the direct cause of improved performance and satisfaction. Yet it might be crucial in establishing trust between the leader and subordinate, causing a positive effect on the two dependent variables. The paper is concluded by discussing limitations, practical implications and considerations for future research.
The literature on feedback was reviewed with respect to its effectiveness. The argument was made that the effectiveness is determined by the recipient´s feedback orientation (openness to feedback). The factors were explored by answering three questions derived from the hypothesized feedback orientation theory from Trost (2020). The research indicated two factors that contribute to employee feedback orientation. The first factor is the feedback source who should have a coach leadership style. The second factor is the feedback environment which should have the element of learning and coaching.
In this bachelor’s thesis, the fundamental new trends in Human Resources, due to digital transformation for instance, will be thoroughly examined. Primary research focus is placed on assessing the concrete differences between performance appraisal systems at German and Chinese multinational companies.
Underlying Human Resources tools, such as the feedback, judgment and annual performance appraisal, will be discussed and disseminated as part of employee performance reviews and evaluations. This is intended to be achieved by offering fresh perspectives on the concepts of “New Pay” and peer evaluation among others.
In the age of digital transformation, groundbreaking technologies like artificial intelligence, create a myriad of opportunities for potential applications in Human Resource Management.
However, at the core of this research work stands the comparison between traditional and modern performance appraisal systems. Furthermore, the thesis aims at establishing a better understanding of these systems in practical fields, at the example of German and Chinese businesses. It is argued that benefits and shortcomings regarding new trends, technologies and innovations will play a major role for global corporations.
Therefore, this thesis delivers a broad foundation for understanding not only general HR performance management tools but also current research and very relevant ongoing industry problems.
Over the past few decades, global economic circumstances lead to difficulties when attracting, retaining, and motivating staff. In these dynamic markets, HR departments are struggling with how to navigate among new techniques and generations. However, in recent years neuromarketing has gained popularity among managers due to resourceful insights applicable to various business areas. Drawing on an investigation, this study examines how the implications gained from neuromarketing can be used to conduct an employer branding strategy and if neuromarketing methods can be a useful tool for the HR department. Analyzing distinct advantages of neuroscience by applying techniques that allow examining essential elements of the employer branding, leads to the detection of challenges and limits within the employer branding management and suggest a new perspective. Considering the literature gap, the methodology to assess whether there are implications of neuromarketing on employer branding will be derived from product branding. This study will first investigate the comparability of product and employer branding and then examine the extent to which neuromarketing methods can complement supplant the employer branding strategies. Finally, the results show the moderate relevance of neuromarketing on employer branding.
Digital innovations and the opportunity to create new service-oriented business models are shaping the German power tools industry. Companies, such as Robert Bosch Power Tools GmbH strive for further differentiation and competitive advantage, as from a product-perspective the market seems to be saturated. The digital ecosystem Bosch PRO360, launched in May 2020, has high growth potential and should provide a solid basis for further digital offerings to professional craftsmen in the industry. A significant number of innovative product and service ideas, which can be integrated into PRO360 are present. Specifically, the selection of promising ideas represents a considerable challenge for innovators, thus, requires appropriate idea evaluation tools and techniques.
The aim of this thesis is to create a criteria catalogue with weighted criteria and the allocation of corresponding scale values serving as a supportive tool regarding idea evaluation procedures. To this end, a detailed literature review and analysis was executed. To gain validated conclusions of the catalogue, its application in practice was tested during five semi-structured interviews with customers of Robert Bosch Power Tools GmbH.
Results demonstrate that a standardised evaluation framework is beneficial to evaluators and, thus, should be retained for future reference. The developed framework provides clarity, transparency and security not only regarding the idea selection and decision-making process but also beyond, as it allows post-decision reviews, continuous improvement and adaption. Concerning the early stage of the project, this framework can be taken as a guidepost and support to taking the first steps towards the creation of new business models.
Personalisierte Online-Werbung und Datenschutzbedenken: Perspektiven aus den USA und Deutschland
(2020)
Today, personalized online advertising is part of user's everyday life. Based on data collected online, targeted advertisements are displayed. This approach often triggers concerns among users about the protection of their data, which has made data protection a globally important issue in recent years. This is also the case in Germany and the U.S. These two countries have two fundamentally different approaches to protecting their users' data, which is due to different perspectives on privacy and the culturally different handling of user data.
Based on cultural behaviors, there are many differences between users from the U.S. and Germany, but that they also have some similarities that affect user behavior and attitudes toward personalized online advertising. The concept of personalized customer communication is promising and can be beneficial for both users and advertisers. The cultural aspects help to assess a user's personal boundaries in order to decide on the degree of personalization of an advertisement so that no concerns are raised.
Als Trend- und Meinungsführern in sozialen Netzwerken kommt Social Media Influencern eine wachsende Bedeutung zu. Bislang werden Influencer primär als Träger für Werbung und Vermarktung betrachtet. Die Kooperationsformen zwischen Unternehmen und Influencern werden jedoch zunehmend strategischer, langfristiger und diversifizierter. So gehen einige Unternehmen bereits enge Kooperationen mit Influencern ein und nutzen deren Expertise, Zielgruppen- und Trendkenntnisse für die Entwicklung und Optimierung von Produkten. In so genannten Produktpartnerschaften reicht die Zusammenarbeit gar bis zur gemeinsamen Entwicklung ganzer Produktlinien.
Diese Bachelorarbeit knüpft an die aktuellen Entwicklungen und Tendenzen im Bereich des Influencer Marketings an und untersucht, inwiefern eine Zusammenarbeit mit Social Media Influencern Potenzial für die Produktentwicklung und -optimierung eröffnet. Hierzu wurden nach einer anfänglichen Literaturrecherche qualitative und quantitative Daten erhoben.
Im ersten Schritt wurden anhand von Experteninterviews mit Branchenexperten aus Unternehmen und Agenturen aktuelle Kooperationsansätze, spezifische Merkmale sowie Mehrwerte und Schwierigkeiten von Produktentwicklungskooperationen mit Influencern herausgearbeitet. Auf Basis der Experteninterviews wurde im nächsten Schritt eine quantitative Untersuchung mit Social Media Influencern und Average Social Media Usern in Bezug zu bestimmten Fähigkeitsmerkmalen von innovativen Nutzern (Lead Usern) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Studien zeigen, dass Influencer tendenziell die untersuchten Merkmale innovativer Nutzer aufweisen und sich aus einer Zusammenarbeit großes Potenzial für die Produktentwicklung ergeben kann. Schlussendlich wurden aus den Ergebnissen Empfehlungen für Unternehmen und zukünftige Forschung abgeleitet.
Glutenfreie Produkte haben in der Lebensmittelindustrie eine große Bedeutung erlangt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ob glutenfreie Produkte in Indien lediglich im Trend sind oder eine langanhaltende Produktetablierung möglich ist.
Für die Untersuchung wurden zunächst die Krankheiten, die mit den glutenfreien Produkten in Verbindung stehen definiert. Anschließend, wurde der glutenfreie Markt weltweit sowie in Indien analysiert. Außerdem, wurde die Entstehung der Trends und die mit den glutenfreien Produkten zusammenhängende Trends veranschaulicht. Zum Schluss, wurde eine Online-Umfrage für in Indien lebende Personen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Literaturanalyse und der Studie zeigen, dass der glutenfreie Markt in Indien das Potenzial hat die glutenfreien Produkte langfristig zu etablieren.
Roles and responsibilities regarding HR marketing on online business networks in mid-sized companies
(2020)
This paper discusses the roles and responsibilities in managing online business networks for human resource marketing and then applies these concepts to the case of the German company IMS Gear SE & Co. KGaA. It is important for companies to consider which departments and employees are responsible for social media, as this is the first step to ensure the success of a possible social media strategy.
For the practical part of this paper, a benchmark analysis with four companies and interviews with the employees of IMS Gear were conducted. The findings were used to develop a feasible recommendation for IMS Gear.
The literature review shows that it is not advisable for companies to only have roles and responsibilities regarding business networks and human resource marketing, but that they need a comprehensive strategy for all social media channels and a cross-departmental approach for managing social media. At the end of the paper, a possible team structure for IMS Gear is developed. However, the employees would not have the time to add the necessary roles to their daily working routine. Various ideas have been collected to suggest how the company could still build up an active social media presence and ensure the accomplishment of the tasks connected to social media.
China’s increasing importance in the pharmaceutical industry has attractedthe attention of the mechanical engineer for packaging machinery, Christ Packing Systems. Issues in entering the market have raised questions about the understanding of target customers in China and how the distribution system works. An in-depth understanding of the Chinese pharmaceutical market allows Christ Packing Systems to successfully approach the market.Based on interviews with experts in the field, industry reports and strategic analysis, this research paperwill provide insights into the pharmaceutical industry in China and its challenges and opportunities for Christ Packing Systems. Results show that pharmaceutical companies and their suppliers have to cope withgreat uncertainty. The involvement of the Chinese government stimulates the development of more and more innovative manufacturers of brand medicine. Drastically reducing prices for medicineand making them affordable for everyone in Chinais one of the governments’big goals. After supply shortages of critical medicines during the Covid-19 crisis, China has to expect that foreign groups will move some of their production closer to their customers in Europe and the United States. On the other hand, China is one of the most attractive marketsfor pharmaceutical companies. The largest population of the world which is ageingand increasingly suffers from chronic diseases, demands high quantities of medicine. Adding to that, the growing middle class and an improved healthcare system enables more and more people in China to afford and have access to pharmaceuticals. With this great market potential, Christ Packing Systems is advised to further pursue and intensify its market expansion to China. There are several alternatives to successfully enter the market while keeping the risks and costs at a reasonable level.
Shortage of skilled workers, this term has been an integral part of the public debate for years, whether in the German parliament, in newspapers, scientific journals, articles or in political debates. The consequences of the shortage of skilled workers have a major influence on the future development of the Federal Republic of Germany, particularly so for the nursing sector. The problem is especially harshly debated in 2020 due to the devastating consequences of the global outbreak of the coronavirus at the end of 2019 and the effects of demographic changes (Schmidt et al. 2012; Hower, Pförtner & Pfaff 2020).
This bachelor thesis analyzes the personnel management of employers in the German nursing sector in view of the already existing and imminent shortage of skilled workers respectively. This will be examined based on what employers are offering employees, using job advertisements as an example. The following questions are to be examined:
"What does the employer offer an applicant?", "What offers and services does the company attract candidates with?", "Are employers doing enough to successfully recruit employees?", "What can the company do better when writing job advertisements?“ The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the topic of the shortage of skilled workers, the theoretical background and portraits basic explanations. The practical part of the bachelor thesis uses an empirical analysis of selected variables to investigate which benefits, e.g. remuneration and offerings, in job advertisements are used by employers in the nursing sector to recruit employees.
The results of this analysis are then evaluated, assessed and finally interpreted. The results of this thesis will be used to derive suggestions for improvements in personnel marketing (successful recruitment of candidates) and to point out which details need to be considered when drafting job advertisements.
The interest in topics such as understanding the communication between product design and customer has increased dramatically in recent years. Researchers have been dedicated to understanding more of product design, its dimensions and the consumer perception of it.
The spirits industry competition is dominating in the alcoholic beverages, and the second largest spirit which has a highly competitive market, is vodka. Companies are struggling to stand out from the competition and grab the consumer attention. The following study will explore the aesthetic and symbolic dimensions of a product design and it will show how the design of the vodka bottles is communicating with the consumer. The research questions that are going to be explored are: Which parts of the aesthetic dimension are positively influencing the consumer and how does the consumer perceive the bottle shape when there is no brand influence?
In answering these questions, a secondary data has been reviewed and a questionnaire has been developed where participants will be answering attitudinal questions, open-ended questions and picture choice questions. The questionnaire has been completed from a random sample group of 92 participants of whom mostly are students.
The findings of the questionnaire indicate that angular shape and thin body of a vodka bottle are most positively appraised by the customer. In combination with a bright colour, the bottle express feelings of excitement and elegance. However, the questionnaire has been conducted with no brand logos, shapes or descriptions, and consumers still have found similarities in the shapes because of the strong influence of some world-famous brands.
This research shows that consumers are affected of how a product is designed and, that certain shapes and colours do not seem to be an option for a vodka bottle. The findings in this study are important, because a better understanding of colour-shape composition could potentially improve vodka company’s marketing strategy.
This thesis explores the emerging phenomenon of second screen marketing, by providing a holistic view on this topic. The first part presents an extensive literature review, approaching second screen marketing from an advertiser’s view. Second screening and user groups are defined and common second screen measures are presented and evaluated.
The second part examines the consumer’s perception of a brand using second screen marketing, comparing two age groups (18 to 30 years and 50 to 62 years). Brand perception is measured following suggestions from Low and Lamb Jr. (2000), using a three-dimensional construct consisting of brand attitude, brand image and perceived quality. Main findings entail, that younger audiences perceive a brand using second screen marketing significantly more positive than the older generation. While perceived quality for both age groups is evaluated neutrally, brand image and brand attitude scores show more extreme values. This is relevant for advertisers, as indications about potential target groups, content creation and success of marketing campaigns can be derived: Especially younger consumers are potential target groups and perceive second screen marketing as modern and innovative, but dishonest. Concerning content, strong implications about quality, an uniform brand image and the communication of trustworthiness should be a focus to marketers.
The objective of this thesis is to determine whether or which of the two types of praise effort-based or ability-based – has more positive psychological effects on humans.
Therefore, various study results on these two types of praise will be summarized and compared. This comparison shows that in the short-term, ability-based praise can have a more positive effect on the performance of a person, but in the long-term, effort-based praise has a much better effect. In order to explain this effect, the following two theoretical approaches are examined in more detail: theory of fixed and growth mindset and the effort-ability-relation. Although theory and study results suggest that effort-based praise is the better option, there are some reasons why using only effort-based praise can be harmful. To overcome these harmful effects, it is important to use praise responsibly and accordingly as well as to be aware of its powerful influence.
Vision statements are one powerful tool in visionary leadership that have to be communicated regularly in order to create purpose for employees. In the past decades, it was underestimated to achieve a greater understanding for a collective sense of purpose that is equally understood by many employees to increase organizational performance and especially coordination of work. To examine the role of values and mental imagery within vision statements, the concepts are more closely elaborated to develop more certainty in creating the right vision. Additionally, an archival study from the medical sector is portrayed which included vision statements and other performance relevant data of 151 hospitals in the US. The researchers found evidence for a strong interaction and imagery effect when four or fewer values were used within vision statements. The interaction resulted in a higher performance and work coordination of the organization and therefore functions as evidence for a shared sense of purpose. Besides, many leaders rather provide conceptual visions and communicate several values that distort the effect of vision imagery and decrease a collective sense of purpose.
The following thesis examines the role of drug advertising in the United States. It takes a theoretical approach to explore the relationship between drug sales and the corresponding advertising and their perception, effects and implications on the public by focusing on the opioid crisis in the United States. In order to assess the effectiveness of drug advertising, the theoretical hierarchical framework by Robert J. Lavidge and A Steiner was utilized as it provides a straight-forward and frequently applied model to examine the workings of advertising in general.
The thesis’s conclusions give a synopsis of the results both for drug advertising and its effects on sales, as well as the implications drug advertising can entail as demonstrated in the case of the opioid crisis.
Since the introduction of the concept of Emotional intelligence (EI), there has been affective turbulence in the past decades in the scientific community. The interest in the concept has been growing since the popularization of it in 1995 by Goleman (Goleman, 1995). It has been claimed to be a new way to success, as it was being linked to performance, job satisfaction, many other work-related constructs (Wong & Law, 2002; Bozionelos & Singh 2017; Miao et al., 2018; Prentice, 2016) and even health-related benefits (Goleman, 2020).
On the other side, the concept of Social Intelligence (SI), which was first introduced and used by Thorndike in 1920, has been around in the scientific community for quite some time as well. It is known for reducing conflict, creating collaborations and mobilizing people towards a common goal (Albrecht, 2005).
There has been a perplexing use of them in the field of research. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to examine conceptual issues as the similarities and differences between the two constructs and drawing a clear line between the two. A theoretical review has been conducted for independently understanding each concept. Different conceptual models have been analyzed for differences and similarities, in terms of definition, use, skill, problem-solving area, depth of the construct and aim of reasoning. The conceptual analysis shows there are some distinct differences. In addition to that, the results indicate that both concepts are multidimensional, overlapping and interdependent.
Successful employee retention remains one of the most critical issues in human resource management. Various retention strategies have been proposed, examined, and empirically tested for centuries to retain valued employees. This research proposes a psychological explanation on the effectiveness of so-called pay-to-quit incentives and hypothesizes that such anti-incentives might be more beneficial than traditional incentives with regards to employee retention. Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Prospect Theory, and Social Identity Theory help to illustrate the underlying psychological mechanisms of pay-to-quit incentives and their impact on choice, attitudes, cognitions, and behavior.
This study examines the current human capital management software market with integrated people analytics module and their targeted type of human resource management. The study is guided by the research question: Does the current human capital management software with people analytics module market target their data usage towards hierarchical or agile type of human resource management? To answer the research question a content analysis of 12 websites of human capital management software providers with integrated people analytics module was conducted. The findings were evaluated based on a scale of 4 prototype approach.
The study revealed that the majority of human capital software providers aim their data usage towards hierarchical organizations. A large part of the examined companies run a mixed approach and try to aim their software towards both hierarchical and agile organizations with different tendencies. The findings of this study align with the literature and suggest to organizations seeking to implement a human capital management suite to choose the software that supports their human resource type and strategy the best.
Prior research on choice in context demonstrated extremeness aversion to be very effective on consumers’ purchasing behaviour. However, it seems that previous studies have neglected to investigate the impact of the spatial arrangements of choice architectures on consumers purchasing behaviour. Based on indications of prior research, we pursued to demonstrate in this study that consumers who are uncertain regarding their
preferences tend to search for alternatives in the middle of a choice architecture. Therefore, we hypothesized that an alternative, positioned in the middle of a choice architecture, will present a relatively higher choice share. To research this hypothesis we conducted an online survey mainly in Central Europe, which involved a total number of
901 respondents at the age between 15 and 95. The study’s results demonstrate that the decision making of the majority of the participants is heavily influenced by a choice architecture’s spatial arrangement. It became evident that the choice share of one
alternative was higher when presented in the middle of a choice architecture than when presented in the periphery.
Sales promotion are commonly used tool by marketers to manipulate consumer toward a certain offer or product. Attractiveness of a promotion can increase the demand of the promoted product. Monetary and non-monetary are considers the two main types of sales promotions. Monetary sales promotion, also known as price promotion, will provide immediate price discount upon purchase, for example 50% discount. Non-monetary sales promotions or premium promotion, on the other hand, usually grant consumer an extra free product or additional service for free. Previous studies also demonstrated that different sales promotion affect consumer behavior differently. Consumers’ value perception can be influenced by several factors. For instance, marketers use specific “phrase” such as “value pack” to influence consumer price perception. Rationally, consumers’ value perception should remain unchanged regardless of the phrases use to describe the promotion with same discount value. In this study, we examine the impact two sales promotion those are “50% discount” and “buy one get one free” on value perception of Thais consumers. These two deals have equal economic value but perceived differently by consumer. We aim to answer the question “does two different deals with the same value impact value perception of the same product differently?” In order to obtain logical answer, two set of questionnaires were send out to observe the maximum price which consumer willing to pay for “instant noodles” and “soy protein powder”. Unfortunately, the result from our survey were not significant enough for us to derive a concrete conclusion. We also discuss about potential cause of the unexpected result and interpret our result for better understanding. Even without a significant finding, this paper address that different sales promotions impact consumer in various ways supported by other literatures and also self-assumption.
For thousands of years cash has been the only common payment method worldwide. From the markets of Ancient Rome to the itinerant tradesman of the Middle ages cash was indispensable. It was safe, easily transportable, and durable. Today, cash is considered a phase-out model. Newer, faster, more practical and, above all, more secure payment methods have long been available. Banks and governments in particular would like to abandon cash, as it is much easier to monitor electronic payment transactions than cash transactions. This results in concerns for many citizens, as they, especially the older generation, are still very attached to cash and still have difficulty using alternative payment methods.
However, the rise of electronic payment methods is unstoppable, all experts agree. This matter of fact and its input is an interesting and relevant topic for consumer research. This thesis examines the purchasing behavior of consumers using electronic payment cards. The cards do not differ in their external appearance, the difference lies in the components of the card and ensures that there are two types of cards of different weight. Cards which have the normal weight of this type of card and cards which are slightly heavier than the normal (standard) cards. The reason for the different weight of the cards is that objects of different weights are perceived differently by people. It is generally believed that heavier items are more valuable than light ones, probably due to the heaviness of metals such as gold and silver, which we humans generally consider as very valuable. The aim of this work is to find out if the weight of the cards which are intended for everyday use has an impact on the buying behavior of the consumers. This will be investigated scientifically with an empirical data analysis.
The well-substantiated “cheerleader effect” proposes that individuals in groups are perceived to be more attractive compared to when they are presented in isolation. With the aim of finding out whether this effect is applicable to additional dimensions of social perception, we investigated attractiveness, salary, vanity and intelligence judgements in two methodologically distinct experiments. We could not detect differences in ratings between the isolated and group presentations of individuals in a between-subjects design but found evidence supporting the existence of the cheerleader and the “banker effect” in the within-subjects design. Besides an increase in attractiveness, replicating the cheerleader effect, individuals were as well perceived to be earning higher salaries when surrounded by others, thus establishing the banker effect and further emphasising the actual impact of group context on trait judgements. The supplementary finding that both effects do not occur simultaneously within the same person creates new pathways for identifying their underlying causes and deriving possible explanations.
The endowment effect shows that selling prices are higher than buying prices (Kahneman et al. 1990). This paper wants to answer the question whether the endowment effect can be reversed and the value perception for the sellers can be lower than the one of the customers. To answer the question two studies were executed where sellers and customers were asked to tell their willingness to pay or rather their willingness to accept. The product for the studies was a wedding dance course, customers were potential participants, sellers the dance schools/ teachers offering the course.
The results show that customers were willing to pay a much higher price than what sellers found was as an appropriate price. Sellers were accepting a much lower price. The endowment effect was reversed for this product. Reasons were the high involvement of the customer and the missing loss aversion on the part of the seller. However, the reasons show that it might not be possible to reverse the endowment effect for every product on the market.
The research analyses current literature and available data on the lithium market, an analysis of the environment, particularly the surge in demand for the metal for the production of lithium-ion batteries, evaluates the potential for a significant rise in production for the metal throughout years 2020 to 2030 among many competing countries. The focus of the research is set on predicting the contributions to the GDP of Chile derived from future lithium compound exports in the timespan between years 2020 to 2030 via multiple linear regression. The results of the study estimate contribution values to increase by 291% by 2030 and find a high degree of statistical relevance for lithium prices and battery electric vehicles in use in the production of lithium.
Sustainable product offerings in food retailing have been increasing in the last years, making their way from specialized stores to mainstream food retail stores. It is the case of Germany in which sustainable food products are found in many retailing channels, even discounters. Many pieces of research have been focusing on the bio- and fair-trade labels effect on consumers' behavior, and increased interest has been put in the effect it has regarding WTP towards food products. These studies tend to conclude in a higher WTP towards sustainable labeled food products. However, the studies focus only on the valuation of the product qualities and leave the retailer format aside, which is the location where the product and the labels are being displayed and evaluated by the customer. This research will focus on assessing if the retailer format influences consumers WTP towards bio and fair-trade labels in the German food retail market. In total, 400 randomly selected participants answered one of four surveys regarding WTP towards food products in different retailer formats. Two retailer formats are considered discounters and supermarkets. This research analyses if the labels are performing adequately throughout all food retailing formats in order to provide valuable information for the future of sustainable consumption and regulation. In the end, we cannot conclude a statistically significant difference through the analysis of variance of the means of the label performance in both retailer formats.
With the increasing popularity of online learning, many education providers increase their portfolio of educational courses. This analysis looks at existing literature and conducts two studies regarding the willingness to pay (WTP) for online and offline courses.
The first study consists of a van Westendorp price sensitivity meter (PSM) and a Gabor-Granger pricing method. The surveys are conducted to find differences in consumers´ WTP for online and offline courses and potential causes for the differences. The second study consist of short analogue case studies of services in the online and offline environment and factors that influence consumers´ WTP, supported by a literature review in the front of this analysis.
The results are that the WTP for offline courses slightly exceeds the WTP for online courses and that a multitude of factors, with positive, negative, neutral or ambiguous effects, play a role in consumers´ WTP for online and offline services.
The results and implications from this analysis are useful for service providers, that look to adapt their prices to the consumers´ WTP for services in online and offline environments. In particular for educational service providers and service providers that are unsure how to price online services in comparison to offline services.
Die Biografie- und Erinnerungspflege stellt eine Behandlungsform für die unheilbare Demenzerkrankung dar. Hierbei wird versucht durch Aktivitäten, welche einen Bezug zu der Vergangenheit des Menschen mit Demenz haben, Erinnerungen auszulösen. Dies hilft der an Demenz erkrankten Person ihr Identitätsgefühl zu festigen.
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit wurde eine innovative Anwendung entwickelt, welche interaktive und multimediale Bilder für die Biografie- und Erinnerungspflege bereitstellt. Mit diesen Bildern kann der Mensch mit Demenz interagieren, indem er auf einzelne Objekte drückt und daraufhin ein thematisch passendes Medium präsentiert wird. Die interaktiven Bilder werden automatisch, mittels Machine Learning, erstellt. Des Weiteren wurde ein Recommender System implementiert, welches basierend auf den Präferenzen des Menschen mit Demenz, Inhalte für eine Biografie- und Erinnerungspflegesitzung vorschlägt.
In the light of incremental environmental degradation, social awareness and resource depletion along with high and volatile resource prices, food packaging manufacturers in Germany increasingly perceive pressure towards the implementation of circular business models. However, there does not exist any data neither about the current deployment of circular business models nor about the active efforts dedicated by manufacturers in the German food packaging industry while in many cases there is lacking expertise of how to implement circular business models. This thesis is going to close this gap by conducting a systematic observation of 41 food packaging manufacturers’ product portfolio and company policy in order to identify the current state of deployment and active efforts dedicated to the implementation. Moreover, the most applicable measures will be analysed in order to capture the level of circularity in the focal industry, while providing a step-by-step guidance of how to implement circular business models. There was found that the German food packaging industry is characterised by an open-loop approach since manufacturers focus on circular inputs but neglect the reuse and recycling of packaging materials. Besides, there could be identified six highly applicable metrics, which measure a range of different fundamental aspects of the circular economy. Finally, there was found that the process of implementing circular business models can be structured into four phases, whereas a set of key enablers permits food packaging manufacturers to overcome certain barriers and facilitates the implementation of circular business models. The conclusion was drawn that food packaging manufacturers in Germany still show noticeable potential for enhancement in order to increase circularity, especially by launching circular product designs, the reuse of certain types of food packaging and implementing a more holistic approach of circular business models.
The project business in the packaging machine industry is highly volatile. Although the industry is steadily growing, firms face increasing financial constraints due to external, difficult to control, factors. This thesis examines the underlying concepts and processes of a Supply Chain Finance implementation, using the Syntegon Group as an empirical example. Due to the extended payment terms of customers and the currently undergoing refinancing measures, the analysis about potential liquidity increasing measures becomes extremely relevant for Syntegon. The research questions covered focus on cash liquidity increases, working capital improvement and alternatives to Supply Chain Finance solutions.
This research aims to provide an informed recommendation about the implementation of Supply Chain Finance. The research is divided into two major parts. The first part discusses the underlying theoretical frameworks to understand the concept of working capital and supply chain management. These concepts are of great importance for the understanding of Supply Chain Finance and its relevance in today’s globalized world. The second part focuses on a detailed empirical analysis of the Syntegon Group. Hereby, the qualitative research involves expert interviews with various departments of the Syntegon Group. The answers of the interviewees are evaluated based on the different categories. This allows for a direct comparison of the interviewee’s answers.
The quantitative analysis consists of the key figure analyses. These allow an informed statement about the current financial situation of the group. By calculating potential payment term extensions and the consequential cash flow opportunities, an estimation about the benefit of the implementation of Supply Chain Finance can be made. Lastly, the cost-benefit analysis of implementing such a solution versus receiving the money as a bank loan is determined.
The results of the calculation and analyses have shown that payment term extensions offer large cash flow opportunities for the Syntegon Group. Receiving a bank loan in the same amount as the unlocked working capital would result in a lower benefit.
Although further research beyond this thesis is needed, the clear benefits of implementing a Supply Chain Finance solution to increase liquidity are demonstrated.
Das Unternehmen XYZ befindet sich in einer entscheidenden Phase in der Umsetzung der Digitalisierungsstrategie. Im Rahmen dieser Strategie wird die neue Unternehmenshomepage mit dem neuen Onlineshop gekoppelt. Die Plattform fungiert zum einen als zeitgemäßer Onlineauftritt und zum anderen soll dadurch ein neues Rollenverständnis für das Unternehmen geschaffen werden. Herzstück der Plattform ist die mit dem Onlineshop verbundene Onsite Suchfunktion.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist Teile der Strategie zu analysieren und teilweise kritisch zu würdigen. Um die Suchfunktion für den neuen Onlineshop neben grundlegenden sprachlichen Features zu erweitern, wurde eine Umfrage mit ausgewählten Mitarbeitern durchgeführt.
Die Ausgangssituation dieser Arbeit ist das Unternehmen zu präsentieren. Darauf aufbauend wird die Schnelllebigkeit der Digitalisierung erläutert, sowie die Reaktion des Unternehmens darauf. Kern der Arbeit ist die Analyse von User Experience (UX)- und User Interface (UI)-Komponenten des Shops sowie die Suchfunktion im Allgemeinen, als auch im Kontext von XYZ zu beschreiben.
Darauf erfolgt die Erklärung der Methodik der qualitativen Datenerhebung, welche für die Umfrage eingesetzt wurde. Anschließend werden Ablauf, sowie die dazugehörigen Ergebnisse dargelegt. Das letzte Kapitel liefert einen wertenden Ausblick auf Teile der Ergebnisse und fasst die gesamte Arbeit nochmals reflektierend zusammen. Abschluss der Arbeit bildet eine Diskussion, sowie ein persönliches Fazit.
The onset of COVID– 19 has accelerated digital trends facilitating the rise of social media and the financial technology industry. Especially in the private equity sector, investors are increasing their online presence and marketers need to define a tactical social media plan to improve its integrated marketing communications and facilitate lead generation.
The objective of this thesis is to develop a social media marketing proposal and action plan for the fintech company: Moonfare GmbH. The aim is to identify the most suitable content marketing, social networks and techniques to power sales growth, brand awareness and community engagement through its current social media channels.
In order to develop a deeper understanding, the literature review presents different digital marketing frameworks applied to social media marketing. Moreover, a careful study of the fintech private equity industry is developed through a Porter’s 5 forces model alongside an explanation of the case of Moonfare through a blue ocean canvas.
For the research, secondary data and internal desk research were performed including, statistical insights directly gathered from the company. The study was further designed with an internal and external situation analysis, concluding with a SWOT model and the establishment of objectives through a SMART goals framework. The final action plan is presented in an OGSM model.
Experience Management has established itself in the business environment, first in the context of the customer and user experience and recently also in the context of the employee experience. This bachelor thesis explores how to improve the experience of a particular employee, the expatriate, by experience management. For this purpose, the implementation of existing experience management concepts is examined by using secondary data. The insights gained hereby are then transferred to the expatriate experience. A corresponding procedure is developed and exemplarily applied to Beiersdorf. This includes conducting primary research in the form of qualitative interviews and results in a set of recommendations for action on how the company can improve their expatriate experience. The results suggest that experience management is a promising approach to improve the experience, not only of expatriates but also of international assignees in general, which should be subjected to further research.
Identifying the Core Competencies of European Low-Cost Airlines – An Exemplary Analysis of Ryanair
(2021)
This paper analyses the European industry for short- and medium-haul flights and determines the core competencies of the largest operating low-cost carrier, Ryanair. It further raises the question of whether the successful low-cost business model can be applied to long-haul sectors. The industry analysis utilises Porter’s five forces model and evaluates the factors of change along the PESTLE dimensions. Additionally, a thorough analysis of Ryanair is conducted, including a SWOT analysis and an identification of the airline’s core competencies. Finally, the viability of low-cost long-haul operations is discussed by assessing key low- cost carrier success factors' transferability. The results indicate that the European airline industry is fiercely competitive and largely unattractive to operate in. Ryanair’s core competencies, which are identified within the areas of operations, procurement and management, enable the airline to, nonetheless, operate profitably. This paper also finds that low-cost long-haul routes can be successful when learnings from previous mistakes are made. As the impact of the global pandemic will continue to disrupt long-haul flight operations, it is likely to take until the recovery of travel demand and the delivery of narrow-body long-range aircraft until a successful low-cost long-haul airline erupts. Given the less severe impact on short- to medium-haul flights in Europe, the large and financially strong low-cost carriers may benefit and find themselves in a stronger position relative to full-service airlines upon recovery of travel demand.
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Umsetzung der Richtlinie 96/71/EG über die Entsendung von Arbeitnehmern, kurz EU-Entsenderichtlinie, in den meist bereisten Ländern der CHT Germany GmbH innerhalb der Europäischen Union, des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraums und der Schweiz. Anhand dessen werden Handlungsempfehlungen zur strategischen Ausrichtung der CHT Germany aufgezeigt. Dabei wird die Frage, was die Auswirkungen der EU-Entsenderichtlinie für die CHT Germany GmbH sind, beantwortet. Zusätzlich ist die Beantragung der A1-Bescheinigung bei regelkonformer Abwicklung von Dienstreisen essenziell. Die A1-Bescheinigung bestätigt die Fortgeltung der deutschen Rechtsvorschriften während eines Auslandsaufenthalts des Arbeitnehmers. Bei Nichteinhaltung der rechtlichen Anforderungen drohen monetäre und nicht-monetäre Strafen. Aufgrund dessen ist es für ein Unternehmen wichtig, zu entscheiden, inwieweit Dienstreisen regelkonform abgewickelt werden.
Der Digitalisierung oder digitalen Transformation von Unternehmen wird zunehmend eine wichtige Bedeutung attestiert. Die Prinzipien des Lean Managements werden in einem ähnlichen Ausmaß oftmals gelobt und von einer wachsenden Anzahl an Entscheidungsträgern eingeführt und umgesetzt. Beide Phänomene haben gemeinsam, dass sie einerseits Zeit- und Effizienzgewinne versprechen und andererseits eine – wie bei größeren Veränderungen innerhalb einer Organisation üblich – Inklusion der Betroffenen benötigen, um vorrangig langfristige Erfolge vorweisen zu können.
Diese Bachelorarbeit setzt an diese Ähnlichkeiten im Bereich des Lean Managements und der Digitalisierung an und untersucht zudem, inwiefern eine Integration der Belegschaft eines Unternehmens vonnöten ist. Hierbei wird der Fokus auf die Abläufe im Vertrieb gesetzt. Nachdem eine Klärung der grundsätzlichen Terminologie vorgenommen und der entsprechende wissenschaftliche Stand aufgezeigt wurde, folgte eine Auswertung qualitativer und quantitativer Daten, die im Rahmen einer Umfrage der betrachteten Firma erhoben wurden. Anschließend wurde untersucht, wie ein Lean Office durch eine strategische Digitalisierung erreicht werden kann und ob dies profitabel sein kann. Abschließend wurden anhand der Erkenntnisse Empfehlungen an andere KMU sowie offene Forschungsfragen abgeleitet.
XXXXXXXX, according to XXXXXXXX is a disruptive technology. This technology offers producers several advantages, such as more efficient and sustainable production, as well as cost savings and process optimization. Many producers are under increasing pressure to adapt their production in the long run tothe fast-growing technological standards andincreasing worldwide environmental consciousness. They are now facing the challenge of maintaining their competitive advantage in the medium to long run. Unfortunately, mostcompanies are not familiar with the new XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXX might encounter rejection. Therefore, it is necessary to understand what actions need to be taken to convince a potential customer in the B2B relationship of the new technology. For this purpose, the following research question is posed: Which strategy supports the market entry of XXXXXXXX printing applications?-The impact of XXXXXXXX on technology introduction. To answer the research question, results were compiled on the basis of a literature research and an online survey on customer needs in décor baseboards and in vehicle interior design.
The research and the survey show, that decisions are always based on an emotional basis. In addition, information which is communicated several times and on different sensory levels, is better absorbed. The aspects sustainability, cost savings, individualization, waiting times and competent consultation play a central role for customers. Moreover, an economic challenge is crystallizing due to the Covid-19 crisis. As a result, the focus should be on emotionalizing and dramatizing the content when presenting the new XXXXXXXX technology. Here, the customer’s wishes should be included, and a personal connection should be built up as well as strong emotions evoked. This enables the creation of a very good customer experience, which is essential for decision-taking. In addition, the communication should take place on all sensory levels to provide the potential customer a multisensory experience. In order to better implement the proposed actions, it is recommended to meet the customer at a trade fair or in the XXXXXXXX building.The correct use of the proposed actions will help XXXXXXXX to successfully convince the potential customer of XXXXXXXX.
For a couple of years, the comparison of active and passive investing has been a big topic in the financial world. For this reason, an abundance of literature on this topic exists and multiple studies have been carried out. The COVID-19 crisis came fast and only little is known about the impact on ETFs and active funds. This scientific paper critically examines both investment strategies during the COVID-19 crisis. The goal is to identify important factors and indicators for investors and whether ETFs or active funds are crisis-proof. To answer these questions a qualitative analysis was conducted. A sample of five experts regarding ETFs and active funds were interviewed with the same questions. The combination of the literature and the qualitative analysis shows that there is no crisis-proof strategy. Nevertheless, a broad and global diversified portfolio and a balanced asset allocation are important factors to make a fund more resistant against a crisis. In addition, the Sharpe ratio was identified as an important indicator for investors. The purpose of this paper is to add value for private investors and enable them to make rational decisions when choosing a fund based on the given indicators.
The market for direct drive technology is said to have great growth potential. In order to increase its presence in this market, two new sensors from SICK Stegmann GmbH are currently in the market launch phase. The aim of this paper is to show the changes and challenges that arise in this market. As a result, new target groups and the resulting change in the distribution channel are proving to be the greatest changes and challenges for the company. Lack of knowledge about the product portfolio of the Motor-Feedback-Systems department on the part of the sales force further intensifies this problem. In this paper, approaches are elaborated on how these challenges can be counteracted and how a successful product launch can be realized. To this end, a training concept will be designed to enable the provision of the necessary product information. Further-more, product purchases of SICK Stegmann GmbH and other locations of the company are analyzed in order to be able to identify a causal relationship. As a result, correlations were identified, which is why cross selling represents another promising approach. Online presence in social media is also becoming increasingly important to companies. Another approach therefore relates to the use of Social Media to attract potential customers. Based on the insights gained in this paper, recommendations are defined, with whose implementation the market potential can be increased.
This thesis examines the changes in collaboration in medium-sized management consultancies due to the increasing virtuality during COVID-19. For this purpose, collaboration is divided into three categories: Team rituals, team dynamics, and communication. The study aims to develop recommendations for companies to deal with these changes based on the insights gained. These findings were obtained and evaluated by means of ten qualitative interviews with management consultants. The result of this research is that virtual collaboration entails both opportunities and risks and is strongly influenced by those three categories, whereby particularly communication plays a key role on a virtual basis.
The number of companies around the globe that are utilizing budgets to cut their costs is rising, especially in times of crisis. However, there seems to be an abundance of budgeting methods. Two of the most well-known methods are Traditional Incremental Budgeting and Zero-Based Budgeting. These two methods will be compared in this research paper on ‘How does Zero-Based Budgeting affect a company’s performance as compared to Traditional Incremental Budgeting?’. In order to give a satisfactory answer to this question annual reports and figures of Mondelez International, Inc. were utilized as the snack and food company has used both budgeting methods in the past.
The research showed that there is a measurable effect on which budgeting method is used by a company. However, the favourable option for one specific company depends on a variety of reasons.
Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist die Erforschung ökonomischer Effekte des Corona Virus auf den Berufsfußball. Dazu wird folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt:
„Welche wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen hat Covid-19 auf den professionellen Fußball in Europa?“
Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten wird eine Literaturrecherche betrieben. Zunächst wird dafür der Profifußball definiert und die Spezifitäten der Branche aufgedeckt. Im Anschluss werden sowohl die finanziellen Daten vor der Krise als auch die aktuellsten Daten herangezogen, um die Auswirkungen analysieren zu können. Abschließend werden mögliche Lösungsalternativen ausfindig gemacht und bewertet.
Die Studie zeigt, dass die Branche durch den Wegfall von wichtigen Spieltageinnahmen sowie einer bereits vor Covid-19 bestehenden finanziellen Belastung wirtschaftliche Probleme aufweist. Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass der Profifußball sich zukünftig nachhaltiger aufstellen muss, um Krisenzeiten besser zu überstehen.
Die voranschreitende Globalisierung führt zu einer staatsübergreifenden Verschmelzung von Märkten, wodurch eine internationale Steuerplanung notwendig wird. Konzerne verlagern ihre Funktionen in das Ausland und gleichzeitig werden steuerrechtliche Anforderungen verschärft. Zusätzliche Vorschriften werden implementiert, um Gewinnverkürzungen oder Gewinnverlagerungen einzuschränken und um die Gefahr einer Doppelbesteuerung zu verringern. Neue Auflagen führen allerdings zu Zielkonflikten, was für Unternehmensgruppen steuerrechtliche Risiken und erhöhten administrativen Aufwand bedeutet. Mittelgroße international tätige Familienunternehmen wie die BLOCK Transformatoren-Elektronik GmbH stoßen dabei vermehrt auf Probleme und Unsicherheiten entstehen bei der Umsetzung von steuerrechtlichen Anforderungen, welche durch Betriebsprüfungen angestoßen werden. Die Motivation dieser Thesis ist demzufolge, sich ändernde unternehmensspezifische Anforderungen an ein Verrechnungspreissystem zur Vergütung von europäischen Konzern-Vertriebsgesellschaften in Einklang mit steuerrechtlichen Vorgaben zu bringen.
Das aktuell angewandte System wird dabei hinterfragt und es wird untersucht, ob eine geeignetere Verrechnungspreismethode für den vorliegenden Sachverhalt identifiziert und angewandt werden kann und dabei dem rechtlichen Rahmen gerecht wird. Auf die Definition des Sachverhaltes folgt eine Vergleichbarkeitsanalyse, welche eine Funktions- und Risikoanalyse der beteiligten Unternehmen, eine Untersuchung und Prüfung der betriebswirtschaftlichen Anwendbarkeit der vom Gesetzgeber zugelassenen Verrechnungspreismethoden und eine steuerrechtliche Überprüfung der potentiellen Methoden beinhaltet.
Als Ergebnis der Forschung wurden bei der aktuell angewandten Verrechnungspreismethode wesentliche Risiken und Probleme bei langfristiger Anwendung festgestellt. Des Weiteren wurde eine Methode identifiziert, welche in der Unternehmenspraxis anwendbar ist, den unternehmensspezifischen Anforderungen entspricht und steuerrechtlichen Anforderungen gerecht wird. Durch eine Umstrukturierung könnten die europäischen Vertriebsgesellschaften regelkonform vergütet und eine Planung und Kontrolle der Standorte eingeführt werden.
This study aims to ascertain whether share-repurchasing companies in Germany observe long-term abnormal returns, a phenomenon that has been extensively discussed in literature over the past decades. Germany is an especially interesting market for this analysis, as share-repurchases were only legalized in 1998 and are subject to sterner regulations compared to markets where repurchasing has had a long tradition. The event sample consists of 169 announcements made between June 2008 and May 2013. Each event is observed for three years following the announcement. To calculate abnormal returns, this study employs the Return Across Time and Securities, Calendar-Time Portfolio, and Buy-and-Hold Abnormal Return approaches, which yield statistically significant abnormal returns after three years of 23.72%, 22.81%, and 57.77%, respectively. The results further indicate most of the price adjustment occurs in the 15 months following the announcement, with only minor corrections thereafter. Overall, the findings of this study suggest the existence of long-term abnormal returns for German repurchasing companies.
This paper studies the progressivity of a proposed indirect consumption tax on greenhouse gas emissions: the Carbon Added Tax. To evaluate its progressivity, a microsimulation was created assigning estimated tax burdens to individuals from the Spanish Household Budget Surveys from 2016 to 2019. These were then aggregated to calculate average effective tax rates across income and expenditure deciles as well as a series of progressivity and inequality indices. The resulting statistics and measures showed a strong regressivity of the Carbon Added Tax when measured against income but only a very mild regressivity when measured against expenditures. This study finds that with its mild regressiveness when measured against expenditures, the Carbon Added Tax has the potential to become a viable long-term solution to carbon taxation if adequately designed.