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The impact of store atmosphere elements on the purchase behaviour and emotions of customers has an important significance in modern marketing. How to design and conceptualize a store atmosphere in such a way that it provides an unforgettable experience for the customer and entices him or her to arouse an interest in the store environment is one of the most fundamental concerns merchants and marketers must ask and think through these days – likewise, the role of culture in connection with store atmosphere is necessary to understand. The goal of this paper is to answer the question on how behavioural and emotional responses to store atmospheric elements such as visual, aural, olfactory, tactile, social, exterior design, interior design and layout & design differ across individualist and collectivist cultures. A cross-cultural analysis between Germans and non-Germans is made in respect to the posed question. A quantitative online survey was conducted, in which a total of 99 valid participants took part, of which 57 were Germans and 42 were non-Germans. This research extended the study of Barros et al. (2019) and added two more separate store atmospheric elements which are the general exterior design and the general interior design. The data was then analyzed, and the findings were ultimately presented. The findings showed that overall store atmosphere elements have similar emotional and behavioural effects on individualist and collectivist cultures with the exception of the general exterior design element, where a significant difference was found. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the importance of store atmospheric elements in retail and the comparison between Germany which acts as a country that scored relatively high on the Individualism dimension of Hofstede’s national culture model and the countries Turkey, Russia, Portugal, Albania, Bosnia, Romania, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Iraq which serve as a union of cultures that performed high on the Collectivism dimension. Additional research on the topic needs to be done on how culture affects shopper’s emotional and behavioural responses.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) seeks to enhance transparency and trust in AI systems. Evaluating the quality of XAI explanation methods remains challenging due to limitations in existing metrics. To address these issues, we propose a novel metric called Explanation Significance Assessment (ESA) and its extension, the Weighted Explanation Significance Assessment (WESA). These metrics offer a comprehensive evaluation of XAI explanations, considering spatial precision, focus overlap, and relevance accuracy. In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of ESA and WESA on medical data. These metrics quantify the understandability and reliability of XAI explanations, assisting practitioners in interpreting AI-based decisions and promoting informed choices in critical domains like healthcare. Moreover, ESA and WESA can play a crucial role in AI certification, ensuring both accuracy and explainability. By evaluating the performance of XAI methods and underlying AI models, these metrics contribute to trustworthy AI systems. Incorporating ESA and WESA in AI certification efforts advances the field of XAI and bridges the gap between accuracy and interpretability. In summary, ESA and WESA provide comprehensive metrics to evaluate XAI explanations, benefiting research, critical domains, and AI certification, thereby enabling trustworthy and interpretable AI systems.
Der Rehabilitationsprozess von Patientinnen und Patienten mit neurologischen Langzeitschäden ist eine große Herausforderung. Bei zentralnervalen chronischen Schädigungen arbeiten Therapierende mit Patient*innen und pflegenden Angehörigen mitunter über Jahre intensiv zusammen. Alexa von Bosse hat in einer empirischen Studie die Wichtigkeit einer gelingenden Kommunikation und Beziehungsgestaltung in diesem Beziehungsdreieck verdeutlichen können.
Vertebral motion reveals complex patterns, which are not yet understood in detail. This applies to vertebral kinematics in general but also to specific motion tasks like gait. For gait analysis, most of existing publications focus on averaging characteristics of recorded motion signals. Instead, this paper aims at analyzing intra- and inter-individual variation specifically and elaborating motion parameters, which are consistent during gait cycles of particular persons. For this purpose, a study design was utilized, which collected motion data from 11 asymptomatic test persons walking at different speed levels (2, 3, and 4 km/h). Acquisition of data was performed using surface topography. The motion signals were preprocessed in order to separate average vertebral orientations (neutral profiles) from basic gait cycles. Subsequently, a k-means clustering technique was applied to figure out, whether a discrimination of test persons was possible based on the preprocessed motion signals. The paper shows that each test sequence could be assigned to the particular test person without additional prior information. In particular, the neutral profiles appeared to be highly consistent intra-individually (across the gait cycles as well as speed levels), but substantially different between test persons. A full discrimination of test persons was achieved using the neutral profiles with respect to flexion/extension data. Based on this, these signals can be considered as individual characteristics for the particular test persons.
Keywords: Gait analysis; Human spine; Intra- and interindividual variation; Motion analysis; Rasterstereography; Surface topography; k-means algorithm.
Die Corona-Semester in der Wahrnehmung der Studierenden: Ergebnisse empirischer Begleitforschung
(2023)
Neben den Hochschulen als Organisation und den Lehrenden war die große Gruppe der Studierenden stark von der an den Hochschulen eingeführten Umstellung auf reine Online-Lehre betroffen. Aus diesem Grund führten die Autoren mehrere empirische Studien durch, um die Eindrücke der Studierenden von den durch Corona geprägten Semestern 2020 bis 2022 zu erfragen. Im Folgenden finden sich ausgewählte Ergebnisse dieser quantitativen Untersuchungen; es konnte jeweils auch ein zeitlicher Vergleich über die Semester und die zunehmende Erfahrung mit Online-Lehre angestellt werden.
Um die in den Kapiteln dieses Buches beschriebenen Überlegungen, Maßnahmen sowie Unterrichtsformen und -formate der einzelnen Hochschulen vor dem Hintergrund der dynamischen Entwicklungen der Corona-Semester angemessen einordnen zu können, soll im vorliegenden Kapitel zunächst eine kurze Chronologie der Abläufe im Zusammenhang mit Covid-19 dargestellt werden. Die Auswahl fokussiert sich dabei zum einen auf die Länder Deutschland, Österreich und Schweiz, zum anderen auf den Bereich der Schulen und vor allem der Hochschulen, während Auswirkungen auf andere gesellschaftliche Bereiche nur am Rande erwähnt werden.