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Der demographische Wandel mit der immer älterwerdenden Gesellschaft, dem damit einhergehenden Anstieg an chronisch kranken Menschen und dem gleichzeitigen Mangel an Hausärzten kann dem Gesundheitswesen in Zukunft viele Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Die Einführung der Telemedizin in Deutschland soll diesen Problemen entgegenwirken.
Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich damit, aufzuzeigen, wie wichtig es ist in die Telemedizin zu investieren und welche Potenziale besonders in Hausarztpraxen genutzt werden könnten.
Um einen Einblick in die bisherige Integration der Telemedizin in Deutschland zu bekommen, wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit eine Befragung erstellt, die an Patienten von Hausarztpraxen gerichtet wurde. Daraufhin wurden Tiefeninterviews mit unterschiedlichen Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens geführt, um sowohl die Perspektive der Patienten als auch die Perspektive der Telemedizinanbieter, Hausärzte und Krankenkassen zu beleuchten. Nach der Analyse der Datenerhebung konnten darauf aufbauend Handlungsempfehlungen erarbeitet werden, um die Integration von telemedizinischen Anwendungen in Hausarztpraxen zu erleichtern und das Angebot an die Bedürfnisse der Patienten anzupassen.
Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Forschung belegen, dass die Mehrheit der Patienten offen für die Nutzung telemedizinischer Anwendungen ist, aber dennoch Handlungsbedarf auf Seiten der Hausärzte besteht aufgrund vieler unterschiedlicher Hürden, die noch bewältigt werden müssen, wie die geringe Akzeptanz gegenüber neuen telemedizinischen Möglichkeiten und die technischen Gegebenheiten in den Arztpraxen.
It is a fundamental right of every natural person to control which personal information is collected, stored and processed by whom, for what purposes and how long. In fact, many (cloud based) services can only be used if the user allows them broad data collection and analysis. Often, users can only decide to either give their data or not to participate in communities. The refusal to provide personal data results in significant drawbacks for social interaction. That is why we believe that there is a need for tools to control one's own data in an easy and effective way as protection against economic interest of global companies and their cloud computing systems (as data collector from apps, mobiles and services). Especially, as nowadays everybody is permanently online using different services and devices, users are often lacking the means to effectively control the access to their private data. Therefore, we present an approach to manage and distribute privacy settings: PRIVACY-AVARE is intended to enable users to centrally determine their data protection preferences and to apply them on different devices. Thus, users gain control over their data when using cloud based services. In this paper, we present the main idea of PRIVACY-AVARE.
Ein Relaunch ermöglicht Produkten eine neue Wachstumsphase innerhalb des Produktlebenszyklus zu erzeugen. Dabei gibt es verschiedene Wege der Konzeption. Im Gesundheitswesen gibt es andere Voraussetzungen als in anderen Branchen. Deren Einfluss auf eine neue Zielgruppe und ein neues Marketingkonzept wird untersucht, um das Potenzial eines Relaunches abwägen zu können. Für eine wahrheitsgetreue Empfehlung wurden empirische Daten erhoben.
Die ermittelten Ergebnisse der Recherche werden mit einem Fallbeispiel der Diagnostika-Industrie auf Anwendbarkeit überprüft.
Office working environments experience continuous change and are subject to many external factors. This thesis paper analyzes the changes of office working environments and derives the requirements for office lighting solutions for the German based lighting producer Herbert Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG. According to the results, major changes arise from the areas: technology, social and cultural environment and ecology. To adapt to those changes accordingly, this thesis paper provides possible product solutions and evaluates them critically. In the following, three main product solutions are generated through the application of a morphologic matrix. To understand product preferences and the corresponding willingness to pay for supplemental product functions, an extensive market research is conducted in the form of an online customer survey. The results of this survey are analyzed at the end of this thesis paper and provide the basis for recommendations for a competitive strategy in the business area “office lighting solutions”. In addition, product recommendations are made in order to strengthen the market position and to conquer promising niche markets.
Mit dem Fitnessboom in Deutschland profitiert auch die Nahrungsergänzungsmittelindustrie. Auf Social-Media-Kanälen wie Instagram wird immer sichtbarer wie Influencer der Fitnessbranche mit Produktplatzierungen für Nahrungsergänzungsmittel werben. Diese Arbeit untersucht das neue Marketingphänomen des Influencer Marketings bezogen auf die Nahrungsergänzungsmittelindustrie der Fitnessbranche in Deutschland. Für die Untersuchung wurde eine persönliche Befragung von Fitnessstudiobesuchern durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass das Influencer Marketing eine Rolle für den Erfolg von Herstellern der Nahrungsergänzungsmittelindustrie haben kann und diese neue Marketingdisziplin voller Potenzial steckt.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Sales Support der Aesculap AG Tuttlingen, welcher im Juni 2017 als Servicecenter eingeführt wurde, sowie die Möglichkeit der Einführung eines First-Level-Supports analysiert. Da der Customer Service immer bedeutender wird und der Sales Support neu implementiert wurde stellt sich die Frage, welche Faktoren den optimalen Aufbau eines Servicecenters bestimmen. Hierfür werden zehn Schlüsselfaktoren definiert, um den Ist-Zustand des Sales Support zu bewerten. Durch qualitative und quantitative empirische Untersuchungen werden die Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit, die Kundenzufriedenheit sowie die Organisation der Abläufe und der Arbeitsaufwand untersucht. So können Rückschlüsse auf Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten gezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der Sales Support bisher gut etabliert hat und die optimale Strukturierung eines Servicecenters stets individuell an das Unternehmen angepasst ist. Des Weiteren wird deutlich, dass einige Maßnahmen notwendig sind, um zum einen die Bekanntheit des Sales Supports zu steigern und zum anderen effizientere Abläufe zu gewährleisten. Außerdem wird deutlich, dass kein Bedarf an der Einführung einer weiteren Level-Struktur besteht.
The thesis introduces a case study research presenting the transfer pricing problem of a selected MNE. Hereby, the researcher derives an appropriate method for the case and concludes with a comparison of theory and practice. The theoretical part of the thesis evaluates existing transfer pricing methods as explained by the OECD, Germany and the USA. The second part is about the choice of the research methodology, case study research and expert interview.
The third part first introduces the case study, analyzes a theoretical framework of the transfer pricing process and evaluates the existing transfer pricing methods, which allows for the derivation of the most appropriate transfer pricing method for the case. The fourth part concludes the research by applying the derived transfer pricing method, the Cost Plus Method, to the particular case study. By combining theoretical and practical approaches, a solution to the problem is determined.
Digitalization has made business virtual. As the current workforce is slowly adapting to it, the “digital natives” come into play.
We all know, that Millennials have a different approach to media and virtuality. They are practically born with it. But how would they perform if they had to use virtual media in a professional setting? Does the experience and the technology surrounded upbringing give them a clear advantage? Or will they struggle with this entirely new dimension of communication the same way older generations do? This Thesis focusses on the challenges of virtual teams, predominantly in cross cultural situations. But especially on how Millennials tackle virtual teams in a global setting, if they did not have extensive prior preparation.
The first part tries to identify the theoretical background of this paper – the classical challenges of cross-cultural communication in virtual teams but also the willingness of Millennials to use digital work tools for their future.
The main segment then introduces data and observations collected on the GVT project - a pilot project from the Hochschule Furtwangen University, where students from Spain, Finland and Germany took part in a simulation of virtual teamwork. In groups, these students had to develop a project about Erasmus at their university – but purely virtual to experience physical borders in teams.
A pre-survey and a post survey have been carried out on this group to analyze and investigate how perception and reality differ. Furthermore, the participants left testemonials and many virtual meetings were monitored.
This Thesis will conclude with chapter 3 to show if Millennials have a valid advantage in working with virtual teams. It will also show the necessity to train young people and change our education to a more digital approach, as business will inevitably become increasingly virtual.
Unternehmen stehen heute zunehmend Veränderungen gegenüber. Die Marktdynamik ist enorm gestiegen. Die Fähigkeit, angemessen und schnell reagieren zu können, ist für alle Unternehmen, auch für kleine und mittlere, von elementarer Bedeutung. Die Budgetierung gilt als eines der wichtigsten Instrumente der Unternehmenssteuerung. Sie ist für diese neuen Herausforderungen jedoch zu starr und steht deshalb in der Kritik. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die traditionelle Budgetierung dargestellt und deren Grenzen aufgezeigt. Neue Methoden, das Better Budgeting, Advanced Budgeting, Beyond Budgeting und die Moderne Budgetierung, wurden entwickelt, um die Unternehmen in einem zunehmend volatilen Umfeld erfolgreich zu führen. Diese Konzepte werden vorgestellt, verglichen und kritisch betrachtet. Die Arbeit soll Antwort darauf geben, ob die neuen Budgetierungskonzepte für Unternehmen im Mittelstand geeignet und praktisch umsetzbar sind. Darüber hinaus soll eine empirische Studie Aufschluss über den aktuellen Stand der Anwendung von Budgetierungsverfahren im Mittelstand geben.
Die personalisierte Medizin wird in der Zukunft ein relevantes Thema sein. Die Medizintechnikbranche und die Pharmaziebranche spielen dabei eine große Rolle. Durch moderne Technologien und neue Geschäftsmodelle entstehen hier enorme Potentiale im Hinblick auf die Massenpersonalisierung. Die Fraunhofer Gesellschaft führt zurzeit ein Projekt zu genau diesem Thema durch. Bei diesem Projekt geht es um die Massenpersonalisierung und der Hinführung zum „Business-to-User“ Prinzip. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Impulse, die durch dieses Projekt gesetzt werden, berücksichtigt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Chancen und Potentiale sowie die Herausforderungen bezüglich der Implementierung der Massenpersonalisierung und des „Business-to-User“ Prinzips in der Medizintechnik und in der Pharmazie zu diskutieren und im Zuge dessen eine Prognose aufzustellen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der technologischen und wirtschaftlichen Durchführbarkeit, sowie auf der Perspektive des Konsumenten. Prognostiziert wird, wie sich die Massenpersonalisierung in der Medizintechnik und in der Pharmazie in den nächsten 15 – 20 Jahren voraussichtlich entwickeln wird. Die Informationen zur Erstellung dieser Arbeit wurden aus Experteninterviews, Literaturrecherche und internen Quellen der Fraunhofer Gesellschaft gewonnen.
The ever-increasing consequences of climate and environmental changes across the planet could have a lasting impact on civilization that many still underestimate. This study presents an analysis of the development of international climate agreements and their current standings, focusing on potential governmental instruments available to decouple economic growth from emitting further greenhouse gases. The author focuses on the area of electric mobility and its importance for reaching certain environmental targets. The prevailing consensus among experts in the field is that Norway is the leading nation of electromobility. Drawing on Norway´s successful approach of the matter, the author seeks to assess the viability of implementing certain Norwegian strategies in the German automotive environment. Proven successful strategies such as (a) introducing effective and numerous purchase and tax benefits for electric vehicles, (b) closing the gap of misinformation within society and actively promoting electric vehicle use, and (c) constructing a well-functioning infrastructure with the combined effort of the government, municipalities and energy and automotive companies can be directly transferred to and applied in Germany´s electric mobility market. Moreover, the presented study entails a set of recommendations for the German automotive industry regarding possible future courses of action in the field of electromobility. Concluding, Germany has not succeeded in being a leader of electromobility yet but has the unique possibility to focus on its strengths: the capability of developing high-quality, premium products and thus noticeably improve the standards of electric vehicles, their battery technologies and charging infrastructures.
Motivated employees represent a competitive advantage and are indispensable when a company undergoes a structural change to successfully head for an Initial Public Offering. To provide an insight into the areas in which Captec Ltd can improve the motivation of its workforce, a quantitative employee motivation survey is created, conducted and analysed. On this basis, selected immaterial incentive tools to increase the motivation of the employees are recommended. A neuroscientific view is consid-ered to complement the psychological theories and overcome their limitations re-garding the practicability in organisations. Together this secondary data serves as the foundation of creating the employee survey questions, hence the primary data. It was found that neuroscientific approaches and findings serve well to see work motivation from a supporting but also complementary perspective. Nonetheless, they have to be handled with care as they are only at an early stage of development. According to the descriptive analysation, it can be argued that Captec Ltd seems to do a good job in motivating its workforce. However, there are some areas at Captec Ltd where em-ployees, especially the male production employees, feel motivation can be increased. It is recommended to continue employee motivation surveys on a regular basis to see improvements over time, where also tangible incentive tools need to be considered as this dissertation was limited to increase motivation with intangible tools. Both, intan-gible and tangible tools need to be turned into an employee motivation plan, to im-plement at Captec Ltd.
Entwicklung von Handlungsempfehlungen für ein nachhaltiges Vielfaltsmanagement bei der Hansgrohe SE
(2018)
Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wird das Unternehmen Hansgrohe SE hinsichtlich seines gegenwärtigen Umgangs mit Diversity untersucht und mit der ausgearbeiteten Diversity Zielsetzung abgeglichen. In Folge dessen werden bedarfsgerechte Handlungsempfehlungen unterbreitet, um ein nachhaltiges Vielfaltsmanagement bei dem Unternehmen einzuführen.
Durch die Anwendung der Grounded Theory Methodik wurden sowohl primäre als auch sekundäre Daten analysiert und für Hansgrohe den gegenwärtigen Organisationsreifegrad und den im Unternehmen bestehenden Diversity-Ansatz, entsprechend der Theorien von Cox (1991) und Thomas & Ely (1996), bestimmt.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Hansgrohe noch am Anfang des Diversity-Entwicklungsprozesses steht. Aus diesem Grund wurde bei der Ausarbeitung der Handlungsempfehlung zunächst der Fokus auf die Schaffung eines Bewusstseins für Vielfalt und den Abbau von Vorurteilen gelegt. Im weiteren Verlauf soll der Vielfaltsaspekt sowohl in der Unternehmensphilosophie als auch im Führungsleitbild und der strategischen Zielsetzung berücksichtigt werden. Für die nachhaltige Entwicklung des Diversity Managements wird des Weiteren die Einführung eines Arbeitskreises diskutiert, der die Diversity-Maßnahmen bei Hansgrohe langfristig antreiben soll.
International terrorist attacks have led to growing concerns of governments, companies and societies and there is barely any other topic which is exploited by the mass media that extensively. Due to security reasons holiday plans are increasingly questioned by private consumers who are scared by the politically motivated violence, which seems to appear everywhere. The following bachelor thesis investigates the impacts of terrorist attacks on the international tourism sector, especially which consequences changing tourist demand has on dependent companies. Furthermore, there is taken a closer look to the crisis management of travel agencies when responding to attacks in certain destinations. Thereby, adjustments of the marketing mix can play an important role for long-term success and competitiveness. Despite the fact that analysing effects of terrorism on economic markets is a well discussed topic, little research is devoted to the implications for the tourism sector and international travel agencies in particular. For this reason, this thesis is based on examining published data and conducted surveys to develop a set of recommendations for travel agencies in case of terrorism in tourist destinations. Nevertheless, further research is recommended to gain a deeper understanding about the effects of security concerns and derived marketing actions on consumer patterns.
Analyse von Fusionen im Hinblick auf wettbewerbsökonomische und wettbewerbsrechtliche Auswirkungen
(2018)
The rising number of mergers between companies over the past decades indicates their growing importance on economic behaviour. Nevertheless, their consequences can influence competition and need to be regulated. This work answers to the question on how mergers can impact competition, thus actual and potential competitors, customers, consumers and upstream- or downstream firms. It is investigated how merger control laws and procedures are influenced by economic theories on merger effects. In the end, latest cases are checked for real application of theoretical statements and for authorities’ challenges. To find results, competition laws and control methods of authorities are compared to traditional economic literature and empirical studies on merger effects. A synthetisation of this comparison is made by analysing three up-to-date merger case examples. The results show that the most important impacts result from market power and efficiencies which can influence mainly prices and innovation activities of a market. Depending on specific structural characteristics of each market, methods and outcomes can be different case-by-case. Competition authorities are emphasizing the use of a combination of traditional economic models and flexible analysis methods to decide whether a merger can potentially harm competition and needs to be prohibited. Current cases show the importance of specific market structures and companies’ characteristics on the way decisions are made. Efficiencies and market power effects are weighed up against each other to evaluate mergers. Especially the emergence of new markets represents a challenge for future merger control. The complexity of defining each market’s specific theory of harm is also emphasized. To sum up, merger control nowadays is based mainly on economic approaches and exact merger evaluation methods always depend on specific market conditions.
There was an increased in the number of high-skilled Spaniards that decided to leave their home country. The economic situation and the high unemployment rate have complicated the chances to find a well-paid job and responsibilities according to their level of education. Therefore, Spaniards with a tertiary education find new opportunities in foreign countries like Germany with a robust and stable labour market.
This issue is gaining importance and must be deeply analysed. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is, by the use of secondary and primary data, to describe what are the push and pull factors, and what are the consequences of the Spanish brain drain for Germany and Spain. The conclusion, will confirm and give possible recommendations that the Spanish government may apply in the future.
The changes between Taiwan and China since 1979 have closer both countries in many aspects. This study seeks for evidence proving the impact of cross-strait political events on Taiwan Stock Market. Major events from 1995 to 2017 are identified and examined with event study using market model and both parametric and non-parametric test. By defining 19 events into two groups- Good news and Bad news, the results present significant abnormal returns on event day [0] or after. This suggests that there is significant impact of cross-strait political events on Taiwan Stock Market. Moreover, due to the limited amount of events, this study can only weakly support that Taiwan Stock Market is semi-strong form.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit diskutiert vier digitale Innovationstrends in der Bauindustrie sowie ihre Auswirkungen auf Unternehmen des Wirtschafszweiges. Basierend auf jüngsten Erkenntnissen aus Literatur und Experteninterviews zeigt die theoretische Arbeit, dass digitale Medien zu geringem Maße in der deutschen Baubranche etabliert sind. Jedoch gibt es Ansätze die Industrie zu digitalisieren, die zudem staatliche Unterstützungen finden. Trotz dieser Förderungen ist die Industrie von vielen Normen, Regularien und Verfahren geprägt, die einer verstärkten Nutzung digitaler Dienste entgegenstehen. Aufgrund der geringen Erfahrung im Umgang mit digitalen Medien sind manche Unternehmen der Baubranche noch vorsichtig im Einsatz digitaler Innovationen. Dennoch besteht großes Interesse und permanente Investition in digitale Unterstützungen, da ihr Potenzial erkannt wird. Diese Arbeit ist für Beschäftigte und Studierende der Bauindustrie sowie für Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften interessant.
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit sollen die potenziellen zukünftigen Determinanten des Wirtschaftswachstums der angolanischen Wirtschaft ausgearbeitet werden. Als Grundlage hierfür dient das als in der volkswirtschaftlichen Literatur bekannte neoklassische Solow Modell. Anhand dieses Modells soll zunächst definiert werden wie das Wirtschaftswachstum gemessen wird. Anhand dieses Modells wird zudem auch deutlich, welche Faktoren langfristig in einer Volkswirtschaft zu Wirtschaftswachstum führen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird anschließend untersucht, welche Faktoren in der heute erfolgreichen mauritischen Volkswirtschaft zum lang anhaltenden Wirtschaftswachstum geführt haben. Die empirische Studie, anhand derer diese Faktoren ermittelt wurden, basiert ebenfalls auf das Solow Modell. Das Wachstum der mauritischen Volkswirtschaft dient dann als Vorbild für die angolanische Wirtschaft. Die Auswertung der Daten zeigt, dass für Angola in den Bereichen der Diversifizierung, Humankapitalbildung und dem technologischen Fortschritt noch viel Verbesserungspotenzial besteht.
Durch veränderte Rahmenbedingungen für die Gesellschaft verändern sich auch Lernprozesse in Unternehmen und dabei rückt informelles Lernen immer mehr in den Vordergrund. Dementsprechend gibt die vorliegende Arbeit einen Einblick in das Thema informelles Lernen in der betrieblichen Weiterbildung und stellt eine Handlungsempfehlung mit Maßnahmen zur Optimierung der informellen Lernprozesse sowie der informellen Lernangebote der ZF Friedrichshafen AG dar. Die ausführliche Literaturrecherche in Kombination mit der empirischen Untersuchung ergibt, dass informelles Lernen bereits ein fester Bestandteil des Arbeitsalltags der ZF-Mitarbeiter ist. Jedoch hat die Personalentwicklung Potenzial, die bestehenden informellen Lernangebote zu optimieren und neue innovative Lernmethoden, wie z. B. Micro-Learning und Mentoring, einzuführen.
Die folgende Bachelorthesis befasst sich mit der Frage nach den Auswirkungen frugaler Innovationen auf die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit deutscher Unternehmen. Anhand einer Recherche von Literatur und Sekundärdaten, sowie einer beispielhaften Sammlung frugaler Innovationen aus verschiedenen Branchen, kann die Relevanz zu Deutschland aufgezeigt werden. Frugale Innovationen erhöhen den Wettbewerb auf dem Weltmarkt und somit auch für deutsche Unternehmen. Auch der deutsche Binnenmarkt weist Potenzial für frugale Innovationen auf. Ein erhöhter Wettbewerbsdruck auf dem Heimatmarkt ist die Folge. Frugale Innovationen haben das Potenzial, Markstrukturen neu zu ordnen. Man kann sie nutzen, um neue Märkte und Kundengruppen zu erschließen. Das hat positive Auswirkungen auf Expansion, Wachstum und stärkt die deutsche Position sowohl im In- wie auch im Ausland. Aus diesem Grund stellen frugale Innovationen Chancen und Risiken gleichermaßen für deutsche Unternehmen dar. Um ihre Marktposition und ihr Wachstum zu sichern, dürfen deutsche Unternehmen diesen Trend nicht ignorieren. Des Weiteren gibt es große Unterschiede im Voranschreiten und der Relevanz frugaler Innovationen in den verschiedenen, für Deutschland bedeutenden, Branchen. Besonders die Automobilbranche, der Pharmazie- und Gesundheitssektor und die erneuerbaren Energien sind von frugalen Innovationen betroffen. Wenn deutsche Unternehmen ihre hervorragende Stellung auf dem Weltmarkt behalten wollen, müssen sie sich dieser Herausforderung stellen.
Die Frage ob das Elektroauto mittelfristig den Verbrenner in Deutschland ablösen wird beschäftigt momentan Politik und Medien. Aktuell stellen Elektroautos trotz staatlicher Förderung noch ein Nischenprodukt am deutschen Pkw-Markt dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht innerhalb einer ausführlichen Marktanalyse von Sekundärdaten ob und gegebenenfalls wann Elektroautos in Deutschland den Massenmarkt ansprechen werden. Hierzu wird der deutsche Pkw-Markt mithilfe von Modellen der Diffusionsforschung untersucht. Ziel der Diffusionsforschung ist es, die Verbreitung einer Innovation am Markt im Zeitverlauf zu beschreiben und zu erklären. Es wird dabei herausgearbeitet: welche Käufer Elektroautos momentan ansprechen, welche Faktoren erfüllt sein müssen, dass sich Elektroautos am Massenmarkt in Deutschland durchsetzen können und welche Faktoren den Verlauf der Verbreitung von Elektroautos in Deutsch¬land in Zukunft beeinflussen werden. Aus Basis der gewonnen Erkenntnisse wird schließlich eine Prognose zur zukünftigen Verbreitung von Elektroautos in Deutschland erstellt.
This research presents a cross-country comparison between China and Germany to examine the differences in mobile payment adoption. Past developments indicated that mobile payment penetration varies across countries, where some countries successfully adopted mobile payment, whereas others are still in a development phase. Lerner (2013) indicated that the difference in mobile payment adoption can be attributed to the difference between developed and developing countries. Therefore, a theoretical model was developed, on which basis the adoption in Germany (a developed country) and China (a developing country) was compared and tested for differences. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), the model was extended by Perceived Trust, Perceived Risk and Value Added Services. Furthermore, the model was tested in each country and compared through structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS. As a result, a significant difference in adoption of mobile payment between China and Germany was found. Perceived Risk showed a significantly stronger impact on the adoption of mobile payment in China than in Germany. These findings have managerial implications on the design and promotion of mobile payment to increase penetration.
Even though women and men have entered the managerial ranks of organizations
to the almost same numbers, women still remain drastically underrepresented. Of
the Fortune 500 CEO positions only 5.2% and about 21.2% (Catalyst 2018) of the
board seats are held by female leaders. For women of color the numbers are
shockingly low. These women are almost absent on most Fortune 500 companies
and only hold 3.1% of board seats in this category (Catalyst 2015). In Europe
however, the percentage of female director at STOXX 600 companies has
increased constantly over the past years and therefore resulted in slightly better
numbers. By 2015 almost 25% of directors were female and the average
percentage of female holding board seats made 2.8% (EWoB 2015). Research of
Carter, N.M. and Silva, C. (2010) shows, that even if women are graduating from
global leading business schools their career progress lags in comparison to their
male counterparts. This means that despite the organizations efforts of
implementing gender discrimination policies and focusing on gender equality, they
have not been able to fuel women´s career development (Ely et al. 2011).
But why do organizations still struggle to increase the number of female leaders
today? This report will elaborate possible factors that are causing failing attempts
of organizations in general to then conclude a strategic solution for Philips to
successfully change their people strategy towards gender equality. Research
shifted from the assumption of intentional gender discrimination within companies
towards invisible barriers that cause thriving women not to reach the top (Ely et al.
2011). Those barriers are deeply rooted assumptions about gender that have a
long history in the evolution of our society. Starting with how society is influencing
how people think about women being leaders and the assumptions they make
about the ability one being a leader based on gender (Anderson et al. 2006; Eagly,
Carli 2003). The key to success might be a shift in people´s mindset. Here fore, this report will introduce the reader to the problematic of the unconscious bias
(Cheryl Staats 2014). Speaking of invisible barriers this theory might be the most
important factor for organizations to make a difference. However, the question of
why so many women get stuck in the c-suite remains unanswered. One answer to
this question repeatedly pops up in research reports and papers which is “Glass
Ceiling” (Susan Chira 2017).
Because gender equality becomes more and more important for organizations in
order to stay competitive, Philips decided to shift its people strategy towards
“Inclusion & Diversity” in 2017 (Jong, de 2017). The reason for this shift also lies
within the innovative aspect. Diversity fosters creativity and therefor innovation
which is a differentiator for Philips. However, this report tries to answer the
question on how Philips can actually increase the number of senior female leaders.
It will identify possible barriers that need to be removed in order to support the
development of female employees to the top ranks of management.
The structure or this report is as followed. Chapter 1 will introduce the reader to the
research structure to set expectations and give an overview about how the content
has been created. Chapter 2 will introduce Philips as an organization after the split
of Philips Lighting in 2012. Showing how the function of Human Resource
Management is structured and what parts of it are directly influenced by the set
KPI. To give an overview on the literature that has been conducted and therefore
methodology, chapter 3 will offer explanation on basic concepts that have a direct
impact on women in leadership. Here the report will start to focus on gender
diversity and two major obstacles women have to overcome in today’s workplace in
order to be successful. Chapter 4 will provide a deep dive into the internal talent
management processes of Philips and identify possible improvement areas.
Chapter 5 will then analyze common concepts on how to support the development
senior female leaders and show opportunities as well as limitations for Philips.
Moreover it will be discussed how to best merge external concepts with internal processes in order to build a framework for the organization and its workforce.
Finally, the importance of engaging men into the discussion of gender diversity will
be underlined. Analyzing possible barriers men experience to determine what
prevented them in the past to join the gender discussion. Possible solutions will be
identified on how to remove those barriers. Chapter 6 will summarize the findings
of this report. It will be discussed how the new approach can be realized for Philips
as an organization.
Social Innovations in the extended Lake Constance area – an overview of the current activities
(2018)
In recent years the importance of social innovation for societies is rising. Therefore, the European Union realized, that political goals can be successfully achieved through social innovations.1 The concept is offering solutions for social challenges broadly based and in a variety of different fields Thus, the focus of this paper will be to identify social innovation activities in the Lake Constance area and the problems which are being solved through those activities. It will therefore provide a quantitative analysis of the identified projects including the main idea of the activity as well as information about the innovators. The key outcomes of this paper are, that social innovators are mainly focusing on current political challenges such as the refugee crisis. Problems which the society is already facing for a longer period of time, are less focused. It could further be identified, that the majority of social innovators are students or graduates. Also, most of the activities have their origin in bigger cities such as Stuttgart, Karlsruhe or Heidelberg.
Today’s workplace is composed of three different generations, which are considered to be substantially different from each other. Popular press and academics defend that neglecting to address these differences can generate negative organizational outcomes. Therefore, there is a growing body of research recommending generational specific practices to minimize the effects of generational differences in organizations. Nevertheless, not every practice tends to be based on empirical evidence on generational differences, which raises doubts about its effectiveness. The goal of this paper is to propose reverse mentoring as a practice to help organizations understand and manage generational differences better. To achieve this goal, a summary of published secondary data on empirical evidence of generational differences in the workplace was gathered, and the findings were linked to the function/outcomes of reverse mentoring, which allowed for the practice to be recommended based on substantial empirical evidence. Moreover, primary qualitative research was gathered through interviews to support the findings. Despite the limitations encountered, reverse mentoring is proved to be a long-term beneficial tool to understand and manage generational differences in the workplace.
This bachelor thesis deals with the changing qualification requirements caused by In-dustry 4.0 and provides an overview of the current qualifications of employees and the accompanying future training measures to improve their qualifications, using Daimler and its strategies as an example. The results regarding necessary future qualifications are derived from an extensive literature research as well as an employee survey and qualitative expert interviews. Previous studies depict that due to Industry 4.0 and the transformation from internal combustion engines to electrical engines many current job positions are dissolving, but in return new fields of work are being created. Conse-quently, to see what challenges companies and employees will face in the future, the-oretical concepts were described and analyzed. As theoretical basis the resource-based, competence based and knowledge-based view as well as the strategic leader-ship approach were chosen, which explain how companies grant their competitive ad-vantage and future success. Afterwards, the theoretical foundations were applied to the resources, competences, knowledge and leadership styles relevant to Industry 4.0. In addition, the company, which served as the research object, was presented with its business units, departments and strategies. Conclusively, the results state that it is necessary and possible to invest primarily in basic knowledge using further training measures. Additionally, more intensive communication is required for the effi-cient implementation of the company's strategy. Lastly, recommendations regarding training measures to increase competences, limitations and further measures are dis-cussed.
Cybermobbing in Unternehmen!
Ein brandaktuelles Problem, welches sehr differenziert am Arbeitsplatz zum Vorschein kommt.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Unterschiede von Cybermobbing zwischen Männern und Frauen herauszufinden, ob überhaupt Differenzen zwischen den Geschlechtern beim Thema Cybermobbing existieren und welche Motive hinter dem Phänomen stecken. Ein weiterer Faktor, der untersucht werden muss, ist die Position innerhalb eines Unternehmens. Dabei spielt auch der Anstieg der Frauen in der Führungsebene eine wichtige Rolle, da diese beiden brandaktuellen Themen eng in Verbindung stehen. Diese beiden Phänomene stellen Unternehmen vor eine große Herausforderung. Daher ist es ausschlaggebend der Problematik Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken, diese als solches zu erkennen, zu untersuchen und effektive Maßnahmen zu ergreifen. Maßnahmen, die allen Beteiligten und den Organisationen einen Mehrwert bringen sollen. Sowohl eine miteinbezogene Studie präsentiert wer speziell Opfer von Cybermobbingattacken ist und ein Recherchemodell widmet sich den besonderen Maßnahmen, die als Lösungsansatz dienen.
The main goal of this thesis is to examine various factors that determine the price of crude oil. The analysis shows that the interdependency between the crude oil price and the global economic situation has shifted over the past decades. The oil price shocks of the 1970s and 1980s and the behaviour of the oil price throughout the twenty-first century give some indication of the change of this relationship. Furthermore, OPECs market power and the role of supply and demand elasticities are taken into account. Alternative energies, fracking and the behaviour of supply and demand in several market conditions are considered in the determination process of the crude oil price.
In consequence of the prevailing low values of elasticities and the limited number of substitutes in the crude oil market, price rigging and the regulation of oil supply becomes apparent. This yields higher profits for companies and countries acting in this sector, especially for OPEC. Nevertheless, the analysis shows that OPECs market power varies from time to time and is strongly linked to the conditions in the global market. This positive correlation ensures that no oil price increase can be enforced in a period of falling demand. An important role for the determination of the crude oil price can be found in expectations by global demand towards future oil supply. Increasing inventory demand due to tightening oil supply conditions usually result in higher demand for oil, hence higher oil prices. Given the fact that crude oil is a finite resource that cannot be produced endlessly, future price increases are likely. This process can be slowed by the development of alternatives and the possibility to substitute oil. Innovations and improvement of these alternatives can shift demand toward renewable energy sources. In conclusion, there is an upward trend for the future price of crude oil. However, the actual future price of oil will strongly depend on the impact of each factor.
The growing desire of firms to engage in international business, is the continuous need for growth. This paper is focus on designing an international market entry strategy for KARL OTTO BRAUN GmbH Co. & KG an OEM company, a producer of medical textile products. A prerequisite is market selection and entry, should only be possible with own branded products. As an OEM, KOB produces and packages medical textile products for other companies, who market and distribute the products under their own brand names. In this paper, qualitative and quantitative research methods are used. Expert interviews, desk research and questionnaires are employed, to gather evident data that will assisst in identifying a suitable market for KOB and determine an adequate market entry mode. Since KOB produces for other companies, caution is exercise not to enter markets, where existing key customers are present. This paper also studies market development strategies and in addition to questionnaire feedbacks, will support in elaborating a suitable market development strategy for KOB own branded products in a chosen market. The goal of the paper is to use the results of the empirical study to recommend KOB an international market entry strategy.
People are surrounded by many offers every day, a discount, a gift or a special sale. A walk through a store can lead us to purchases which are not necessary but in our minds are worth it. Pricing may be one of the easiest ways to influence consumers and to make products more attractive.
This study compares the pricing practices “use of word free/free offers” for example buy one get one free and “discount.” Those two practices have different influences on the consumer behaviour and the product perception. A discount tends to be less worth it than a free offer if an average customer would be asked. A survey of over 200 people was made to witness this statement.
This number of people were divided into two groups which were asked different questions via an A/B testing survey. Group A was asked about a free product, and group B was asked about a discount. Additionally, this study includes a field validation in the form of observation. Customers of a transregional drugstore were observed when buying a product. This drugstore where the validation was made offers a bi-weekly brochure with promoted products. Among them are discounts and free offers. The number of sales was compared and analysed to confirm the results of the survey.
Organized, competitive computer gaming, also referred to as eSports, are emerging sports within the sports entertainment industry. The industry generated almost 700 million U.S. Dollar in revenue and leading eSport titles attract millions of viewers to their events. This study aims to explore eSport live broadcasts of four leading titles and their appeal to be used as a communication media for marketers. It adopted secondary data from academic and scientific studies, journals and books from the fields of eSports, business and sports management to examine commercials, product placements, sponsorships and celebrity endorsements in regards of their applicability and effectiveness within eSports. Quantitative research in form of a survey among eSports viewership was carried out to gather data on viewership consumption patterns and perceptions towards said communication instruments and their effectiveness.
Findings suggest that the effectiveness of commercials rely on the timing shown during broadcasts. Product placements can be applied in many ways and show high effectiveness in terms of brand recognition in any form. Celebrity endorsements are highly ambiguous in terms of their applicability and effectiveness.
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit wird untersucht, welche Chancen und Risiken ein Markteintritt in China für ein deutsches mittelständisches Unternehmen haben kann. Hierzu wird beispielhaft eine Internationalisierung für die S. Siedle & Söhne OHG betrachtet. Die Chancen und Risiken werden anhand der Analyse des Potenzials des chinesischen Marktes, der Analyse der Unternehmensstärken und –schwächen, sowie einem Vergleich der chinesischen mit der deutschen Kultur herausgearbeitet und anschließend einander gegenübergestellt. Die Arbeit wird in einen theoretischen und einen praktischen Teil gegliedert. Durch eine Kombination aus qualitativen und quantitativen Forschungsmethoden wird das theoretische Grundlagenverständnis eines Markteintritts gelegt, sowie eine Bestandsaufnahme der Unternehmenssituation erstellt. Anschließend werden diese beiden Themenbereiche kombiniert, woraus sich der praktische Teil der Arbeit, die Bewertung eines Markteintritts in China für die Siedle OHG, ergibt. Die Gegenüberstellung der zu erwartenden Chancen und Risiken zeigt, dass die Risiken eins Markteintritts in China die möglichen Chancen überwiegen, weshalb derzeit von einer Internationalisierung in China abgeraten wird.
Schlüsselwörter: Internationalisierung, Chancen, Risiken, Markteintritt, China
In times of talent shortage and increasing competition, companies are constantly
looking for methods to recruit better fits in a more time and cost-efficient manner. One
such method, which an increasing number of companies turn towards, are so called
“Robot Recruiters”, or more specifically, artificial intelligence enhanced digital
recruiting tools. However, the impact of the associated automation and dehumanization
of parts of the recruitment process on the candidate experience, remains unclear. In order to assess the potential influence of mentioned tools, candidate experience influencing factors are elaborated, to then analyze how these factors are affected in an artificial intelligence supported recruiting process.
The analysis has shown, that AI recruiting tools do have the potential to satisfy
candidates’ needs by automating simple, yet time consuming tasks like scheduling or initial communication. However, candidates are likely to show adverse reaction to their
usage in later stages of the recruitment process, which are traditionally characterized
by personal interaction.