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Die wirtschaftliche Welt entwickelt sich stetig weiter und Globalität spielt eine immer größere Rolle. Viele Unternehmen wollen und müssen eine langfristige Partnerschaft oder zumindest eine kurzweilige Zusammenarbeit mit internationalen Produzenten verschiedenster Güter eingehen. Um optimale Ergebnisse zu erhalten, sollte es eine faire Verhandlungsart auf beiden Seiten geben. Die vorliegende Thesis beschäftigt sich daher mit unterschiedlichen Fragen zum Thema unfairer Geschäftspraktiken, legt aber den Fokus auf Fairness in ebensolchen.
Bei der Begriffsklärung war vor allem die Dissertation von Tobias Großmann eine große Bereicherung, da er in dieser nicht nur unterschiedliche Definitionen von Fairness vorstellt, sondern auch Studienergebnisse präsentiert, welche konkreten Faktoren der Fairness explizit von professionellen Verhandlungsführern wahrgenommen und als wichtig bzw. unwichtig erachtet werden. Anhand dieser Analysewerkzeuge war es dann möglich verschiedene juristische Verhandlungsurteile, nach einer kurzen Beschreibung, auf Fairness oder Unfairness zu untersuchen. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass Gerechtigkeit nicht gleich Fairness bedeuten muss.
Da es in dieser Thesis hauptsächlich um faire Verhandlungen in der Arbeitswelt, zum Beispiel zwischen Einkäufern einer Firma, geht, wird dargestellt, warum solche Verhandlungen stattfinden und welche Eigenschaften sie besitzen müssen, um als fair zu gelten. Dazu wurden verschiedene Werke der Verhandlungsliteratur zu Rate gezogen. Bei privaten Verhandlungen gelten oftmals die gleichen Regeln wie bei beruflichen Verhandlungen. Zu den fairen Techniken gehören z.B. die passende Umgebung, die die Kreativität der Verhandlungsteilnehmer fördern kann, ein offener und ehrlicher Umgang miteinander, sowie ein kollaborativer Verhandlungsstil, der zu gemeinsamen Lösungen führt. Hier sei vor allem das Harvard Konzept von Fisher und Ury erwähnt, dass wohl das sozialste und fairste Konzept von Verhandlungsführung vorstellt. Man könnte meinen, dass Manipulationen als unfair dargestellt werden. Bei der Anfertigung dieser Arbeit hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, dass es durchaus auch manipulative Strategien gibt, die professionelle Verhandlungsführer als fair ansehen. Warnungen oder die Anpassung der eigenen Körperhaltung an sein Gegenüber zählen dazu, wohingegen Drohungen als klar unfair und aggressiv gelten. Wichtig jedoch ist, dass dies nicht für alle Kulturen gleich gilt, wie im Weiteren entdeckt wurde.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass Konflikte ein wesentlicher Bestandteil von Verhandlungen sind. Friedrich Glasl hat die einzelnen Eskalationsstufen in seinem Ratgeber für Konfliktmanagement beschrieben, sowie Lösungsvorschläge vorgestellt, die dabei helfen sollen, die Konflikte noch zu lösen oder zumindest das Schlimmste abzuwenden. Die vorliegende Arbeit schlägt eine Brücke zu internationalen Verhandlungen, daher wird auch die A6-Konflikt- und Verhandlungsmethode von Mark Helmold vorgestellt, die sich speziell mit dem globalen Aspekt beschäftigt.
Da der Fokus auf Verhandlungen im Arbeitsleben liegt, geht es im weiteren Kapitel um die Fairness bei internationalen Verhandlungen und welche Aspekte und Regeln es hier geben kann. Bei der Analyse von Kulturen konnten sich zum Beispiel Unterschiede in der Vertrauensbildung, der Signifikanz von Beziehungen und dem Grad der Kommunikation finden. Dieses kurze Kapitel führt dann zum letzten Inhaltspunkt, den Verhandlungen im asiatischen Raum, das aber speziell Verhandlungen mit Händlern der Volksrepublik China beleuchtet. Um ihre Verhaltensweisen, die von Westeuropäern besonders und fremdartig empfunden werden können, zu verstehen, wird ein kurzer Blick auf die Historie von Händlern in China geworfen, es wird die Frage geklärt, warum Verhandlungen gerade in China immer wichtiger werden und wie genau der chinesische Verhandlungsstil aussieht. Dabei werden verschiedene Symbole, das Konzept von Ying Yang, sowie Strategeme, vorgestellt. Auch der Charakter des typischen, chinesischen Verhandlers wird näher betrachtet. Zu guter Letzt können dann daraus Implikationen für professionelle Verhandlungen in China geschlossen werden.
The purpose of this paper is a conceptualization of the identification and motivational methods for top distributors in the Chinese market for frequency converters. An examination of the market size, participants and segments is provided. Further the benefits for the manufacturer and distributor that occurring from a partnership are elaborated on and the term top distributor is defined.
Based on marketing channel literature a conclusive multidimensional model for the top distributor selection has been developed. The basic dimensions for distributor selection were determined as Sales/Market, Product/Service and Risk/Uncertainty factors. Those dimensions are supplemented by the China specific factors Guanxi and Human Capital. With special focus been given on the aspects that businesses might encounter when operating in China the reginal factors in distributor evaluation are also being discussed.
IN order to determine the value of different rewards two surveys were conducted. For the identification of the most valuable motivators a rewards portfolio was developed and applied on the data gathered in this surveys. The rewards portfolio was based on the portfolio analysis first developed by the Boston Consulting Group. The rewards determined as most valuable from both the manufacturers and distributor sides were “additional marketing and customer acquisition support”, “extended payment terms” and “market intelligence from manufacturer”. An explanation for the importance of those rewards is additionally provided.
While the global economy is suffering from the consequences of COVID-19, China has managed to tackle the crisis and was able to restart the national economy within a few months. The objective of this study is to identify how the German industry in China was able to restart after the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. The conducted research is based on two underlying research questions: “How did the German industry in China overcome the COVID-19 crisis?” and “which future trends are emerging in German companies because of the COVID-19 crisis?”. To answer these questions, qualitative expert interviews with representatives of the German industry in China were conducted. As experts for their respective company, the interviewees were able to provide firsthand experience for this research. More specifically, they were questioned about the measures that were taken to combat the epidemic, their impact on the economy and potential trends that may emerge as a result of the crisis. The interviews showed that the Chinese government and German companies both implemented effective measures to fight the economic impact of the epidemic. Furthermore, the study was able to identify future trends that stem from the concepts that were developed to overcome the crisis. The COVID-19 outbreak was a catalyst for these trends. The risk-based containment approach of the Chinese government in combination with the measures taken within the companies, such as the immediate establishment of task forces and the implementation of alternate working models, was a successful strategy to overcome the COVID-19 crisis. Recognizing the trends that emerged from the crisis and acting accordingly will be essential for German companies.
This research examines the impact of social media on consumer behavior, focusing on how consumer behavior and habits change after the use of social media by German and Chinese young consumers. A comparison of the differences between the two groups is also conducted. The study was conducted based on theoretical background and terminology, followed by six hypotheses. Then this research determined the scope, target population, and sample size before using focus groups and online questionnaires as survey methods. While analyzing the questionnaire data, the research tested the hypotheses and demonstrated the effects between the variables. The results indicated partial agreement with existing studies. Browsing time positively correlates with the purchase journey. The duration of online discounts negatively correlates with transaction speed. Young consumers' demand increases with the amount of time they spend browsing product advertisements. However, some findings ran counter to previous investigations. The impact of SMM on young consumers has no adverse effect on the time spent browsing products. Moreover, only in some cases, young consumers' purchase intentions are positively correlated with demand.
Keywords: Young consumers, Social media marketing, Consumer behavior, Purchase journey, Purchase intention, Online time-limited discounts, Demand
In recent times, China’s role in the clothing industry has been threatened. China’s ability to compete on a cost basis is diminishing and urges the country to find a new means of competition. The aim of this study is to assess China’s future role in the industry with special regards to European apparel manufactures. This is done by taking a closer look at several factors that have an impact on the industry. The analysis of published data, conducted studies and expert opinions brought to light how the government is actively involved in the pursue of maintaining China’s leading role in the textile and clothing industries as these are important contributors to China’s economic well-being. Two strategies have been emphasized. Firstly, the upgrading of the industry as a means of differentiation that allows China’s clothing industry to compete on other factors than costs. Secondly, the boost of China’s domestic market in order to mitigate against the risk arising from the volatility of markets and increased need for speed in the industry. While China’s role is undoubtedly changing, it seems like the country has found opportunities to maintain an important position in the future of the clothing industry.
The bachelor thesis “ international Markenführung in China- Wie kann man eine Marke auf dem Wachstumsmarkt China stärken?” was created in collaboration with the company GF Automotive in Schaffhausen and covers he topic of branding in China. Considering the growth strategy of GF, especially for the Chinese market, this thesis should answer the question to what extent the branding strategy needs to be adapted to Chinese culture in order to be successful and which actions need to be taken to strengthen the brand awareness. As brands are an important asset which can generate value and differentiate form competitors it is important to develop a strong brand identity which can successfully be applied to the highly competitors it is important to develop a strong brand identity which can successfully be applied to the highly competitive Chinese market.
Following a short introduction into the theory of branding and its relevance for the Chinese market there will firstly be undertaken and examination of the Chinese automotive market. In the next step the current brand appearance, its values and goals will be analyzed with respect to the Chinese market. Within the scope of the online survey there will take place an evaluation of the current brand loyalty of the employees of GF Automotive in China. As the theory is closely related to the identity- based brand management, the first step of all brand activities is to strengthen the brand internally and create a common understanding. Therefore, the results of this survey are important for the further investigations of this thesis. In addition, the expert interviews should examine the findings of the theoretical research and give further insights into the practices of branding in China. Marketing experts report about their experience and point out what needs to be taken into account for a successful brand strategy in China. As a conclusion, this research should identify problem areas, which need to be improved to successfully strengthen the brand GF in China. Thereupon will be developed recommendations for actions which need to be taken by GF. The thesis shows, that in order to strengthen the brand in China it is very important to partly adapt to the Chinese circumstances. The heterogeneity of the two countries, China and Swiss, makes it impossible to simply apply a standardized branding. The culture, the language, etc. require an adaption of the branding in order to successfully reach the Chinese audience. Therefore the transnational brand strategy turns out to be the most successful for GF Automotive in China. It covers both, standardization and adaptation.
Der Wirtschaftsboom in China der sich über die vergangenen Jahre beobachten ließ, hat dafür gesorgt, dass China global den wichtigsten und größten Markt für Automobilhersteller darstellt. In Bezug auf Volumen, Wachstum und Umsatz ist kein anderer Markt wie der chinesische Markt. Dadurch bietet er auch Besonderheiten, die kein anderer Markt bietet. Aus diesem Grund liegt es nahe, dass Trends sowie Veränderungen des Kaufverhaltens, der potentiellen Kunden genauestens beobachtet werden sollten, um langfristigen Erfolg zu garantieren, was eine Herausforderung für Automobilhersteller und deren Produktportfolio, sowie Marketingmaßnahmen bedeuten kann. In dieser Arbeit werden die aktuellen Trends im chinesischen Automarkt und das daraus resultierende Konsumentenverhalten untersucht. Um dies zu analysieren wurde eine Umfrage durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage zeigen unter Anderem, dass als klassisch zu bezeichnenden Faktoren immer noch einen hohen Stellenwert für chinesische Kunden haben und deutsche Marken auch unter jüngeren Generationen, Vorrang vor landeseigenen Marken haben. Aber auch Trends zur Elektromobilität, Car-Hailing Diensten und Onlinekonnektivität ließen sich feststellen.
Concerns about China’s currency intervention strategy against the U.S. dollar and other major currencies have been raised by many members of congress for more than a decade. They view it as one of several distorting economic policies China is employing to gain an unfair advantage over their competitors. Assuming the RMB is a freely traded currency, they argue that China’s currency strategy is designed to lower the cost of exports and raise the cost of imports greatly.
Problem and Objective: How is China competing with the USA to become the economic world leader? This paper examines the interconnection among three major economic components in the Chinese economy through financial development, international trade, and economic growth.
Method: The research method involved the exploration of articles authored by economic scholars who have concluded that productivity increases significantly contribute to China’s rapid economic expansion. Numerous articles were retrieved from the website to explain how China is slowly becoming the world economic giant overtaking the United States.
Findings: Scholars expect to have significant economic growth in China, surpassing the individual European countries in terms of ranks and G.D.P. size. The entry of China into the W.T.O. depends on the successful completion of the multilateral phase of accession negotiations. Its membership will significantly impact the international trading systems for numerous reasons. First, the admission serves as a template for various transition economies looking to join the W.T.O due to the increasing demand that the Chinese have accepted within the bilateral phase, the W.T.O. admission negotiations deter the entry of various new members. Secondly, China has taken critical steps towards meeting some of its W.T.O. obligations and the steps that can complete the process that may disappoint some individuals within the organization. Due to the large volume of international trade, there is a risk that trade conflicts can overburden the capacity of the W.T.O. to settle disputes. Third, China has a critical role in shaping various multilateral trade negotiations agendas. The developing nation is also one of the top trading countries, and China is a forceful advocate within the next round for the interest of various developing nations.
Conclusion: US congress has long been concerned about China’s currency policies and economic growth. The RMB’s value versus the dollar has risen by 34 percent nominal and 42 percent actual since 2003. Another concern is China’s use of industrial policies to subsidize priority domestic firms while restricting foreign market access. China’s financial system could be severely undermined if the proportion of non-performing loans increases dramatically due to policies that promote significant gross fixed investment and are primarily backed by low-cost credit policies.
In the opinion of many observers, RMB value is undervalued because of Chinese government restrictions on its value.
In the era of digitalisation, mobile devices are supporting us throughout the day, in any situation, at any place and any time. We purchase goods and services through our phones, communicate with others and can get information about anything we want. The mobile technology is the fastest growing industry the world has ever seen. Mobile technology is the most influential driver of current social and economic change. Therefore mobile marketing is already a major factor in today’s marketing mix. Nevertheless adaption of mobile marketing progresses differently in different parts of the world. China took on a leading role in mobile marketing without many people outside China noticing. The purpose of this paper is to examine and display the major differences between China and Europe when it comes to mobile marketing. Especially, I will focus on WeChat, a relatively new communication application in China that has shaped mobile marketing significantly since 2011, the year of its launch.
However, due to significant differences in market scale, market complexity and adoption of technology in Europe and China it is important for European companies to understand the potential power of WeChat if they want to do successful business in China. Therefore I will give a comprehensive overview on how to use WeChat for business. Additionally I will connect the mobile marketing aspect with Chinese language learning. Chinese language learning represents a global current trend and is building a bridge between China and Europe both culturally and economically. For this paper I conducted practical research in a Chinese language school under European management in Beijing/China. This way I was able to gain first-hand insight in the obstacles a European company faces when it comes to WeChat mobile marketing in China. This paper will cover the theoretical foundation of mobile marketing and will connect it with real recommendations for successful WeChat mobile marketing.
In 2018 the EU General Data Protection Regulation came into effect. Personal data has been protected in the European Union than nowhere else in the world. At the same time, China has become the largest e-commerce market in the world, overtaking the US. Moreover, the Chinese e-Commerce market still has growth potential since only 60% of the country´s population has internet access.
The purpose of this thesis is to research the question of whether electronic commerce is powerful in China due to low levels of data protection. First of all, this thesis is examining the main principles of Chinese data protection in comparison to Germany as a country with high data protection standards. Secondly, this work investigates the importance of personal data in electronic commerce. Thirdly, it intends to explain the development of Chinese online business. In the end, the key learnings will be presented.
This research uses statistical evaluation, literature, and legislative review to get a theoretical understanding of the matter. It uses various forms of market insights to understand the industry, the consumer, and the role of the Chinese regime.
The findings indicate that there is a correlation between the degree of data regulation and the quality of promotion. Personal data are not the only one critical success factor for the establishment of e-commerce.