The 10 most recently published documents
In Zeiten zunehmender Digitalisierung und globaler Vernetzung gewinnen flexiblere Arbeitsmodelle und damit die Führung auf Distanz, das sogenannte „Remote Leadership“, immer mehr an Bedeutung. Diese Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema „Remote Leadership“ und analysiert die Führungsrollen in der virtuellen Arbeitsumgebung am Beispiel der W&W Gruppe. Die Arbeit beleuchtet die theoretischen Grundlagen von Remote Work und Führung, mit besonderem Fokus auf den von Prof. Dr. Armin Trost entwickelten Führungsrollen. So sollen spezifische Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren von Remote Leadership identifiziert werden. Die empirische Untersuchung, basierend auf einer Befragung an Führungskräften der W&W Gruppe, zeigt, dass bestimmte Führungsrollen in der Remote Arbeitsumgebung effektiver sind als andere. Diese Ergebnisse bieten Einblicke, wie Führungskräfte ihre Rolle in einem zunehmend digitalen Arbeitsumfeld gestalten können.
The energy sector represents a critical infrastructure in major parts of the world and is indispensable for a modern-day lifestyle. However, it also contributes a large share of toxic greenhouse gases to the environment. Due to pressing climate change, which causes severe impacts for living beings on our planet, the energy sector undergoes profound change. Motivated to assess the financial attractiveness of the different global and European energy segments, such as fossil energies, renewable energies and nuclear energies, a performance analysis is conducted. For that reason, energy indices are investigated with traditional performance analysis tools such as risk-return assessments, risk-adjusted measurements, and correlational studies. Furthermore, the top five heaviest-weighted companies per energy index are examined through correlational studies. Their performance is assessed based on different key performance indicators, such as gross profit margin, gross EBITDA margin, return on assets, and return on equity. The analysis suggests ambiguous results, where there is no energy segment that stands out clearly. This study aims to provide a general overview of the attractiveness of the financial performance of global and European energy segments.
Individual consumer characteristics, particularly personality traits, have received limited attention within the extensive body of research on the attraction effect, despite the general consensus that the decision-making process influences this phenomenon. This study seeks to shed light on the question, which role personality traits as individual consumer characteristics play for the attraction effect. To investigate this, an experiment was conducted using an online survey. The personality of the subjects (N = 125) is specified as scores of the Big Five personality traits, assessed using the IPIP-D-120, a German-language self-report measure instrument for the Five-Factor Model. Based on participants’ hypothetical choices on eighteen product selection tasks designed to elicit attraction effects, individual susceptibility to the attraction effect is measured. Potential effects of personality on participants’ degrees of susceptibility to the attraction effect are analyzed using multivariate regressions. The results suggest that two dimensions of personality moderate the attraction effect: Decoys may be less likely to induce attraction effects among individuals scoring high on Neuroticism (β = -0.18, p = .08), while consumers scoring high on Openness to Experience may be more prone to decoy-induced choices (β = 0.19, p = .08). However, these findings should be questioned until they are confirmed by potentially future studies, as there are limitations regarding their validity and reliability.
The growing number of nodes in distributed systems such as Internet of Things (IoT) requires efficient and secure protocols and specific cybersecurity measures to manage and protect those nodes in the system. In this dissertation, we analyzed security, privacy, and efficiency problems related to five cybersecurity research domains: Attribute-Based Encryption, Logical Overlay, Address Distribution, Resource Discovery, and Data Validation.
This paper establishes requirements for assessing the usability of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, focusing on non-AI experts like healthcare professionals. Through a synthesis of literature and empirical findings, it emphasizes achieving optimal cognitive load, task performance, and task time in XAI explanations. Key components include tailoring explanations to user expertise, integrating domain knowledge, and using non-propositional representations for comprehension. The paper highlights the critical role of relevance, accuracy, and truthfulness in fostering user trust. Practical guidelines are provided for designing transparent and user-friendly XAI explanations, especially in high-stakes contexts like healthcare. Overall, the paper's primary contribution lies in delineating clear requirements for effective XAI explanations, facilitating human-AI collaboration across diverse domains.
Ensuring optimal care post-hospitalization is a significant challenge for healthcare systems. Discharge management (DM) is crucial for continuing care, yet process-related issues persist. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-supported systems may address DM-related issues, but research on the needs of hospital staff is limited. This paper presents results from the first phase of a multicenter project aimed at developing an AI-supported system to predict aftercare needs and improve DM processes in German hospitals. We conducted an exploratory needs analysis using participatory methods (workshops, questionnaires and interviews) and defined suitable use cases. We observed a high level of interest in the proposed AI-supported system. However, participants expressed doubts about the effective implementation due to the current state of their hospital’s digital infrastructure. The resulting use cases focused on the reception, processing and interpretation of "plausible" data. These outcomes form the basis for the further research and development with hospital staff and external developers.
Migration plays a significant role in today's world. A literature review has shown that second generation migrants are an understudied group in Germany, despite their significant presence in German society. This paper aims to explore how culture, family, and religion affect the career choices of second-generation migrants in Germany. To address this question, a qualitative research study was conducted. Eight second-generation migrants with diverse cultural backgrounds were interviewed to gather their perspectives on how culture, family, and religion have influenced their career choices. To identify key themes related to these three factors, a qualitative analysis was used. These themes can assist career counselors and German policymakers in understanding second-generation migrants' career decisions and how to provide better support. The study also provides input for future research on second-generation migrants in Germany.
This study examines the generational differences in the perception of payment mode transparency and its impact on the pain of paying, particularly comparing Generation Z with older cohorts. Using a mixed-method approach, including a simulated shopping task and a survey, the research tests the effect of different payment methods (cash and debit cards) on spending behaviour across three generations. Additionally, the survey measures anticipated pain of paying and payment mode transparency perception. The study hypothesizes that Generation Z perceives debit cards as more transparent than cash, in contrast to older generations, who are expected to view cash as more transparent. These contradictory perceptions could lead to differences in the pain of paying and thus spending behaviour between generations. The findings indicate a significant generational shift in transparency perception of the two payment modes in the predicted way. However, there was no significant relationship between the perceived transparency and the amount spent. While our results show significant generational differences in pain of paying and amount spent, payment mode did not have an influence on either of them. These findings challenge traditional economic assumptions about payment transparency and provide new insights into generational differences in spending behaviour.