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This paper includes a brief summary of the theoretical background on onboarding and links the findings to modern trends. To answer the questions about expectations and needs of young employees survey results of a study conducted with over 400 participants between the ages of 18 and 27 will be evaluated. The results show that onboarding practices are highly expected by young adults and that integration is of very high importance for the age group. According to the survey results, onboarding programs can also help organizations improve their attractiveness as an employer. Furthermore, the open-ended questions of the survey provide detailed information on which specific measures should be included in an onboarding process. With the use of theoretical knowledge, the findings from the survey and results of a survey with department heads of the company, an onboarding process for Bürstner GmbH & Co.KG was developed. The plan includes specific steps from before the first working day, to the first weeks in the company until the end of the probationary period. Measures include a new employee profile, an initial training plan, a learning management system based online course and more. Through a transferability check of the process, it is concluded that many aspects can be transferred to other organizations; subject to adaptions. In the future further studies and employee feedback examining the onboarding measures, will have to be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed onboarding process and provide more insight into current trends.
Das Ziel der Bachelorarbeit ist es, den Prozess der Liquiditätsplanung in dem Unternehmen Audi Brussels S.A./N.V. zu verbessern. Dabei soll eine transparentere, genauere, automatisierte und flexiblerer Planung entstehen. Zunächst wurde der aktuelle Planungsprozess genau untersucht und auf Schwachstellen und Problemfelder analysiert. Daraus wurden Handlungsoptionen für Audi Brüssel abgeleitet. Diese wurden in lang-, mittel- und kurzfristige Lösungen eingeteilt. Die langfristigen Verbesserungenmöglichkeiten beschäftigen sich mit der Einführung von voll integrierten Software-Lösungen in Form von Datenanalyse-Plattformen. Die mittelfristigen Handlungsalternativen umfassen speziell angefertigte SAP-Berichte, durch die mehr Zahlungsströme frühzeitig erfasst werden können. Die kurzfristigen Optionen beinhalten die Überarbeitung der Excel-Grundlage der Planung. Wichtiger Bestandteil ist dabei die Erstellung eines Excel-Tools, das eine Übersicht über die verschiedenen Planungsebenen und deren Verlinkungen bietet und dazu eine flexiblere sowie schnellere Erstellung der Planung ermöglicht. Zudem wird eine rollierende Monatsplanung eingeführt.
Die Biografie- und Erinnerungspflege stellt eine Behandlungsform für die unheilbare Demenzerkrankung dar. Hierbei wird versucht durch Aktivitäten, welche einen Bezug zu der Vergangenheit des Menschen mit Demenz haben, Erinnerungen auszulösen. Dies hilft der an Demenz erkrankten Person ihr Identitätsgefühl zu festigen.
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit wurde eine innovative Anwendung entwickelt, welche interaktive und multimediale Bilder für die Biografie- und Erinnerungspflege bereitstellt. Mit diesen Bildern kann der Mensch mit Demenz interagieren, indem er auf einzelne Objekte drückt und daraufhin ein thematisch passendes Medium präsentiert wird. Die interaktiven Bilder werden automatisch, mittels Machine Learning, erstellt. Des Weiteren wurde ein Recommender System implementiert, welches basierend auf den Präferenzen des Menschen mit Demenz, Inhalte für eine Biografie- und Erinnerungspflegesitzung vorschlägt.
Funding is the key to success for a start-up. Since start-ups are often operating in innovative industries, they rarely receive loans from traditional debt lenders such as banks. However, start-ups do have the option of acquiring money for company growth through equity financing. One possibility for this is venture capital. In this scope, Germany is significantly behind the United States of America due to various aspects. This problem shows the relevance of the topic and justifies the critical examination of this subject. This work aims to analyze the German venture capital market, its development over the last 20 years, its advantages on the one hand and its disadvantages on the other hand as well as its future perspectives. Beyond that, the differences between the German and the American venture capital market and its success factors are presented. To answer all research questions, a broad literature review in combi-nation with several conducted expert interviews, which are evaluated on the principle of the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring, is applied. The results of the analysis indicate that there are mainly three fields that are crucial for a successful venture capital market: Political actions, attitudes of the society, and the economic situation. Within these fields, some aspects of Germany are considered worse than in the U.S. In the United States of America politics often intervenes to create better conditions for investments via venture capital. Besides, the risk affinity of society in the U.S. is a major advantage compared to the risk-averse society in Germany. This is complemented by a pronounced start-up mentality in the U.S. and the positive attitude of society towards the failure of a new start-up. In Germany, the opposite can be found in both aspects. Nevertheless, the German venture capital market has developed positively in recent years and has some advantages, such as a wide range of government grants for start-ups and the opportunity for investors to earn high returns on the initial investment. All experts that were interviewed are very confident that venture capital in Germany will continue to develop positively. They identified the reasons for this evolution in an increasing number of start-ups and better skills among the founders, which increases a start-ups' chances of success. For this reason, the experts forecast rising yield expectations, as well as an increasing number of venture capital providers, and venture capital takers. This research also indicates that the volumes of venture capital funds will rise, and the COVID-19-pandemic will accelerate the development of venture capital in Germany. The results of the research clearly show that despite some weaknesses, the German venture capital market has been on a good path for several years, and that there is a high probability that the growth will continue in the future.
This thesis proposes the adoption of renewable energies as a means to foster economicdiversification in oil and gas dependent rentier states. Surprisingly, oil and gas endowment does not always imply wealth and prosperity, mirroring the on-going debate whether natural resource dependent countries are blessed or cursed by their resource abundance.
This thesis seeks to bridge this gap by focussing on rentier states and the question whether rentier states are cursed or blessed. Based on the example of Oman, the proposed approach will be closely assessed. Additionally, the Sultanate’s challenges stemming from natural resource dependence and its preparedness for a post-oil era will be investigated.
Moreover, this thesis will analyze whether a paradigm shift in Oman’s energy sector can mitigate prevailing challenges and support the country’s economic diversification.
These three research questions will be answered through surveying and analyzing literature and data pertinent to the research topic. Findings indicate that rentier states tend to be more vulnerable to the resource curse and the impending fossil fuel depletion as it could cause public outcry and political and economic turmoil. Oman as a rentier state faces a grim post-oil era, fueled by many challenges, including dwindling oil and financial reserves, productivity losses driven by labor market distortions and rapid population growth.
Finally, findings suggest that the combination of economic and energy diversification can have strong positive effects on the Omani economy, such as freeing oil and gas reserves for export revenues, job creation, and private sector strengthening. However, Oman’s renewable energy industry is still in its infancy and faces various challenges, ranging from absent policies and adequate financing to heavily subsidized fossil fuels. As of now, the proposed approach is overly ambitious as the installed renewable energy capacity is too low to create significant employment opportunities or to free oil and gas for export purposes. However, heightened volatilities and economic shocks in recent years were eyeopening for the Omani government and have resulted in stronger efforts to enforce economic development plans. Similarly, the political transition after the death of Sultan Qaboos injected new impetus into Oman’s economy, which will facilitate the diversification of economic bases.
The management of the company Brasch Feinkost is striving for a digital process, which is particularly necessary and examined in incoming goods.
The change from analog to digital processes cannot be implemented without further planning in advance, which is why a concept must be developed that includes different steps. The introduction of warehouse management software in particular requires basic steps that are part of a clear concept. The representation of the actual processes in the incoming goods department at Brasch Feinkost are not only necessary for a specification sheet, but should also show comparisons between analog and digital processes by creating the target processes. With the identified weaknesses and approaches for improvement, the necessity of the digital way of working is shown by means of different analyzes and external benchmarking. The market research is ultimately intended to find a suitable provider of digitally supporting software based on the specified optional and mandatory requirements.
With the increasing popularity of online learning, many education providers increase their portfolio of educational courses. This analysis looks at existing literature and conducts two studies regarding the willingness to pay (WTP) for online and offline courses.
The first study consists of a van Westendorp price sensitivity meter (PSM) and a Gabor-Granger pricing method. The surveys are conducted to find differences in consumers´ WTP for online and offline courses and potential causes for the differences. The second study consist of short analogue case studies of services in the online and offline environment and factors that influence consumers´ WTP, supported by a literature review in the front of this analysis.
The results are that the WTP for offline courses slightly exceeds the WTP for online courses and that a multitude of factors, with positive, negative, neutral or ambiguous effects, play a role in consumers´ WTP for online and offline services.
The results and implications from this analysis are useful for service providers, that look to adapt their prices to the consumers´ WTP for services in online and offline environments. In particular for educational service providers and service providers that are unsure how to price online services in comparison to offline services.
Transforming a face-to-face (F2F) medical congress into a virtual experience without losing the added value of the offline event is the challenge many associations and event organizers face in 2020.
Background: The unexpected COVID-19 outbreak has made face-to-face congresses impossible in Q2 of 2020. In order to continue medical education, virtual congresses are organized.
Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine the advantages of a virtual congress format and illustrate a way to effectively organize a virtual congress. Moreover, the thesis aims to analyze the performance of the digital experience platform (DXP) created by MCI the Netherlands, taking into consideration different stakeholders’ needs and its future opportunities.
Methods: This bachelor thesis is based on the available literature as well as data from the company MCI the Netherlands and quality interviews were conducted with
10 industry experts.
Results: The digital experience platform can increase registration numbers and share the content with more people worldwide like never before. With the easy accessibility, the DXP offers the possibility to increase audience reach. By offering a long-term learning opportunity the platform enhances the user experience of the delegates. Valuable data insight can be retrieved through the platform and shared with various stakeholders. Evaluating the advantages of virtual congresses, it can be said that virtual congresses will be the future of the event industry, however they will not replace face-to-face congresses but can be seen as an additional learning possibility.
Conclusion: With the digital experience platform MCI the Netherlands was able to successfully transform their internal digital capabilities into a future-proof innovative client solution. MCI is the first company in the European market who offered a virtual experience for more than 10.000 participants and strengthened their position as one of the market leaders.
Many companies, especially in the United States, use share buybacks as part of their distribution policy to increase shareholder value. Even though share buybacks send a positive signal to the capital market participants often leading to higher stock prices, they are not always advantageous for investors. Little is known about share buybacks in the covid-19 pandemic 2020. This scientific paper aims to critically examine share buybacks concerning the current crisis by applying a benchmarking process to the performance of companies with huge share buyback programs. Moreover, experts in the field of study analyze the reasons for the performance and give an outlook as part of two further research questions. Using the S&P 500 as a benchmark, the analysis shows that these companies significantly underperformed during the crisis. According to the experts, capital-intensive, cyclical value stocks with low multiples and high debt have repurchased massive amounts in the past, leading to failure in investing in the business model's future viability and thus of the company. The crisis highlighted the weaknesses of share buybacks, which could lead to fundamental changes in the future. This research's findings are useful for investors who want to make more rational and differentiated investment decisions concerning share buybacks, as part of their due diligence process, during the next crisis.
China’s increasing importance in the pharmaceutical industry has attractedthe attention of the mechanical engineer for packaging machinery, Christ Packing Systems. Issues in entering the market have raised questions about the understanding of target customers in China and how the distribution system works. An in-depth understanding of the Chinese pharmaceutical market allows Christ Packing Systems to successfully approach the market.Based on interviews with experts in the field, industry reports and strategic analysis, this research paperwill provide insights into the pharmaceutical industry in China and its challenges and opportunities for Christ Packing Systems. Results show that pharmaceutical companies and their suppliers have to cope withgreat uncertainty. The involvement of the Chinese government stimulates the development of more and more innovative manufacturers of brand medicine. Drastically reducing prices for medicineand making them affordable for everyone in Chinais one of the governments’big goals. After supply shortages of critical medicines during the Covid-19 crisis, China has to expect that foreign groups will move some of their production closer to their customers in Europe and the United States. On the other hand, China is one of the most attractive marketsfor pharmaceutical companies. The largest population of the world which is ageingand increasingly suffers from chronic diseases, demands high quantities of medicine. Adding to that, the growing middle class and an improved healthcare system enables more and more people in China to afford and have access to pharmaceuticals. With this great market potential, Christ Packing Systems is advised to further pursue and intensify its market expansion to China. There are several alternatives to successfully enter the market while keeping the risks and costs at a reasonable level.
This study is aimed at valuing two companies in the IT services industry with different valuation approaches. Therefore, the preconditions for an accurate and meaningful business value as well as the procedure, strengths and limitations of these approaches are examined. Additionally, the accuracy of the results is determined through comparison of valuation estimates with their corresponding stock prices occurring within the three months following the business valuations.
Furthermore, it is examined if one valuation approach is superior in terms of accuracy. Finally, to verify the quality and explanatory power of the valuation results, they are compared with the outcomes of the study on the information content of equity analyst reports by Paul Asquith, Michael B. Mikhail and Andrea S. Au. The results of the business valuations show that within the three-month period, no price target was exactly achieved by the corresponding stock prices.
Furthermore, no valuation approach could be determined that is significantly more accurate than the others. It can be concluded that despite some limitations in the explanatory power of the valuations, the average percentage approximations of Mastercard’s and Visa’s stock prices to target prices were only slightly below those of the comparative study. In view of the fact that the research capacities and experience behind these business valuations are significantly lower than those of the top analysts in the comparative study, the results are considered consistent with the outcomes of the study on the information content of equity analyst reports.
Despite the fact, that women’s underrepresentation in finance is tried to be encountered by legal regulations, little research has been conducted on why most women still decide to not pursue a career in finance. Thus, finance currently remains to be a male-dominating sector. However, which potential consequences homogeneous versus heterogenous groups in finance have on the success of financial decision-making results in companies in the long term is still little studied. According to this research gap, this thesis sets out to research the cause of gender imbalance as well as the impact of the perception of gender differences in finance from a neuroscientific perspective.
First, it is examined whether distinct biological factors in men and women lead to different interests, skills, and abilities that explain a superior natural suitability to perform in finance. Further, it is discussed how the brain processes financial decisions and which internal- as well as external factors impact decision-making. This will be set in context with major findings from psychologist Iain McGilchrist and his hemispheres-approach, and Daniel Kahnemann and his dual-process theory. Further, it is investigated how particularly women respond to stereotype-threat, applying the latest theories by neuroscientist Gina Rippon, and how this influences women’s ability to perform in the financial sector. According to this, it is explained how deep-rooted gender roles, stereotyping and unconscious biases lead to self-fulfilling prophecies in performance, and thus, restrain the advancement of gender diversity in finance. Finally, it is researched in what way homogenous groups in finance are susceptible to overconfidence and groupthink and to what extend enhancing gender diversity can improve financial decision-making. According to this, neuroscientific strategies that counteract unconscious biases and irrational decision-making in finance are discussed.
Games are characterized above all by the fact that players naturally show a very high willingness to play. By using Gamification, one attempts to transfer this high motivational potential to other contexts by integrating elements of a game in a non-playing situation.
This bachelor thesis deals with the research question of how Gamification can influence the motivation and performance of users. It discusses how a gamified system must be designed in order to get the best possible benefit. Furthermore, the risks of Gamification are named and measures to reduce these risks are mentioned.
The methodology used is a literature search in which Gamification and its components are first defined, followed by a definition of motivation and performance. Furthermore, typically used game elements are presented and their effects are explained. Gamification is categorized according to two different approaches, differentiating between various types of Gamification. In order to explain the motivational effect, various psychological motivation theories are presented. The focus is on the self-determination theory according to Deci and Ryan, where the fulfilment of the needs of competence, autonomy and social relatedness are crucial for the emergence and maintenance of motivation. This theory is also used to understand performance improvements.
By presenting practical experiments in which Gamification systems have been developed, it becomes apparent that Gamification can have positive effects on the motivation and performance of users, provided that the basic psychological needs mentioned above are addressed. However, negative effects and various risks that Gamification can entail were also identified. For example, the ability to work in a team, the self confidence of the users, and the quality of the work can suffer if Gamification is implemented incorrectly.
For future research, it is essential to focus more on the interaction of different game elements, to differentiate between the quantity and quality of the achieved results, and to observe the long-term effects of a gamified system.
Global key account management is the use of the key account management system aimed at global accounts; these global accounts can also be known as multinational companies. These types of companies are key players for business-to-business model companies as they might account for as much as 80% of all sales. At this level of importance, to lose a customer like that could be a death sentence for the business. Adopting a global key account management to keep these essential types of customers is a good strategy, knowing the tremendous value they provide. The company MinebeaMitsumi, being aware of this, brings up the case study for the initiation of a global key account management system, that will bring a best in class service to the key accounts of MinebeaMitsumi in the automotive market. To start this project, it is needed an assessment of the current situation in which MinebeaMitsumi operates to its key accounts. At the same time, it is intended to upgrade the digital infrastructure MinebeaMitsumi uses for its operations. The case study is presented as an exploration and analysis of MinebeaMitsumi and how should this new system be implemented in an early stage. This way, preparing the ground for a larger project at the time of full implementation.
The presented thesis studies Artificial Intelligence-based tools which are currently used in recruiting. The guiding research questions ask which ethical implications exist when using different so-called robot recruiting tools, and how these implications apply to the German healthcare sector. The analysis is based on a comprehensive literature review. First, an overview over eight different tools is given, then they are analyzed regarding their ethical implications. Finally, the practical example of the healthcare sector in Germany is discussed. The eight tools are considered in regard to the specific need of larger hospitals. The thesis shows that when applying artificial intelligence-based tools, severe ethical concerns, mostly on the questions of non-discrimination, data security and integrity of an organization, can arise. Because of that, the thesis recommends that human resource managers should be very careful when applying Artificial Intelligence-based tools.
Personalisierte Online-Werbung und Datenschutzbedenken: Perspektiven aus den USA und Deutschland
(2020)
Today, personalized online advertising is part of user's everyday life. Based on data collected online, targeted advertisements are displayed. This approach often triggers concerns among users about the protection of their data, which has made data protection a globally important issue in recent years. This is also the case in Germany and the U.S. These two countries have two fundamentally different approaches to protecting their users' data, which is due to different perspectives on privacy and the culturally different handling of user data.
Based on cultural behaviors, there are many differences between users from the U.S. and Germany, but that they also have some similarities that affect user behavior and attitudes toward personalized online advertising. The concept of personalized customer communication is promising and can be beneficial for both users and advertisers. The cultural aspects help to assess a user's personal boundaries in order to decide on the degree of personalization of an advertisement so that no concerns are raised.
An analysis of the inter-rater reliability of ESG ratings within the consumer staples industry
(2020)
The aim of this study is to gain further insights into whether ESG ratings of the same firms from different rating agencies differ. To this end, this study examines and compares in particular the ratings of the providers Bloomberg, Sustainalytics and MSCI for companies in the consumer staples industry. The study comes to the conclusion that there are in some cases significant differences between these three providers in terms of the respective ESG ratings. Furthermore, a company-size bias is shown for Bloomberg and Sustainalytics ESG ratings. It appears that these agencies rate companies with a large market capitalization better than firms with a lower market value. These large discrepancies in ESG ratings of companies within the consumer staples industry and individual rating problems, such as the company-size bias, mean that today's ESG ratings tend to be not reliable and not valid. The study shows that ESG ratings will have to change a lot in the near future in order to contribute positively to the investment selection of socially responsible investors.
The rapid development of digital technologies has stimulated the shift from real life interaction to online communication. Internet audience is rapidly growing every day, while cost of reaching it is remains affordable.
Transformational changes in business environments, skills and cultures have led to the shift from product-based to knowledge-based economies.
New models of employment are getting more and more common, non-standardized employment has risen. The work lifecycle is changing. Instead of linear pattern— education, work, and retirement— there is a move to “cyclic life plans,” with periods of education, work and recreation overlapped and interspersed across a lifetime. This trend challenges standardized career paths, development programs and incentive systems. “Employee consumerism” is rising, especially for those with in-demand skills and experience.
All the above trends in global economy bring a new challenge for the individuals who want to succeed in their careers and personal development. This challenge is decent self-promotion on a labor market, which can be achieved by using efficient self-marketing channels and tools, in particular online.
Since the introduction of the concept of Emotional intelligence (EI), there has been affective turbulence in the past decades in the scientific community. The interest in the concept has been growing since the popularization of it in 1995 by Goleman (Goleman, 1995). It has been claimed to be a new way to success, as it was being linked to performance, job satisfaction, many other work-related constructs (Wong & Law, 2002; Bozionelos & Singh 2017; Miao et al., 2018; Prentice, 2016) and even health-related benefits (Goleman, 2020).
On the other side, the concept of Social Intelligence (SI), which was first introduced and used by Thorndike in 1920, has been around in the scientific community for quite some time as well. It is known for reducing conflict, creating collaborations and mobilizing people towards a common goal (Albrecht, 2005).
There has been a perplexing use of them in the field of research. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to examine conceptual issues as the similarities and differences between the two constructs and drawing a clear line between the two. A theoretical review has been conducted for independently understanding each concept. Different conceptual models have been analyzed for differences and similarities, in terms of definition, use, skill, problem-solving area, depth of the construct and aim of reasoning. The conceptual analysis shows there are some distinct differences. In addition to that, the results indicate that both concepts are multidimensional, overlapping and interdependent.
New developments in decentralized ledger technologies may have a huge impact on how we perceive and use money now and in the future. Most notably, it has led to the development of cryptocurrencies and a variation thereof –stablecoins. This thesis discusses the potential impact of Proof of Work based cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin on the money market and the central bank’s ability to maintain control over the money supply. The IS-LM model is used to evaluate the effects of a private-issued digital currency. However, due to the characteristics of POW based cryptocurrencies, their impact on the money market is neglectable. In contrast, private-issued stablecoins of large international businesses with the potential of gaining enough users to overcome hindering network effects may pose a serious threat to the financial system, if there is no regulation on their usage.
As a response to this development and combined with the phenomenon of a declining cash usage in many countries, central banks have started to conduct research in their own digital currency, namely central bank digital currency (CBDC). Countries such as Sweden or The Bahamas have already started with the implementation of trial phases of their respective CBDC. However, design choices of the country’s digital currency differ due to financial, geographical, and cultural circumstances, among others. Nevertheless, many countries have utilized decentralized ledger technologies as the underlying technology for CBDC, showing its promising potential for further research and future developments.
This study examines the current human capital management software market with integrated people analytics module and their targeted type of human resource management. The study is guided by the research question: Does the current human capital management software with people analytics module market target their data usage towards hierarchical or agile type of human resource management? To answer the research question a content analysis of 12 websites of human capital management software providers with integrated people analytics module was conducted. The findings were evaluated based on a scale of 4 prototype approach.
The study revealed that the majority of human capital software providers aim their data usage towards hierarchical organizations. A large part of the examined companies run a mixed approach and try to aim their software towards both hierarchical and agile organizations with different tendencies. The findings of this study align with the literature and suggest to organizations seeking to implement a human capital management suite to choose the software that supports their human resource type and strategy the best.
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to determine the factors in work environment that contribute to the employee’s motivation and satisfaction. Moreover it was possible to prove the effects of executives’ behaviour on employee motivation. To this end, 103 workers were interviewed in an empirical study. The results confirm that salary has only a small influence on employee motivation. It was also found that good leadership has a correspondingly positive effect on motivation.
Innovative and successful food waste management solutions often happened to have either an economic, ecological, or social positive impact. There are different types of food waste that are wasted at different stages of the supply chain and sustainable management treat this issue in its entirety.
A resource-efficiency handling of food creates and saves value in the food industry, helps reduce climate change and brings food security. Quantitative evidence from financial and nonfinancial benefits from business cases of countries such as the United Kingdom, proved that avoiding food wasting build a win-win situation for companies and consumers. Processes will be exposed to accelerate the implementation of food waste reduction policies at every stage of the supply chain and at every organization level.
This paper is aimed to measure the global degree of food waste and loss with trustworthy instruments and to provide a range of the most efficient and adapted ways to prevent it.
Some focus will be made in certain parts of the world because of the data’s availability and reliability. It also interests us to know what percentage of waste occurs, at which stage of the supply chain, what are the current existing solutions to avoid food waste and
loss and how is sustainable management playing the most efficient role.
Food wasting will be distinguished into two categories: organizations of entities (as countries, governments, cities, and companies) and individuals. Providing guidelines to be able to manage a sustainable production up till consumption will be the core concern of this paper.
Successful employee retention remains one of the most critical issues in human resource management. Various retention strategies have been proposed, examined, and empirically tested for centuries to retain valued employees. This research proposes a psychological explanation on the effectiveness of so-called pay-to-quit incentives and hypothesizes that such anti-incentives might be more beneficial than traditional incentives with regards to employee retention. Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Prospect Theory, and Social Identity Theory help to illustrate the underlying psychological mechanisms of pay-to-quit incentives and their impact on choice, attitudes, cognitions, and behavior.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit der Evaluierung der Unternehmensflexibilität bei Entsendungsleistungen. Dynamische Unternehmensumwelten fordern Organisationen im Wettbewerb sowie bei der Personal- und Talentgewinnung heraus und wirken auf eine strategische Ausrichtung im Bereich der Mitarbeiterentsendung. Unter Berücksichtigung von kulturellen Komponenten gilt es für Unternehmen, flexible Entsendungsmodule zu gestalten. Eine Literaturanalyse sowie die Abgrenzung zentraler Begrifflichkeiten bilden die Basis für die empirische Forschung. Mithilfe von qualitativen leitfadengestützten Experteninterviews mit Expatriates und Führungskräften werden Tendenzaussagen getroffen, inwieweit Unternehmen bereits eine Flexibilität bei Entsendungsleistungen nutzen und welche Handlungsanforderungen gegenüber flexibilisierten Entsendungsleistungen vorherrschen. Es wird analysiert, in welchem Ausmaß flexibilisierte Entsendungsleistungen zu einer Bedürfniserfüllung von Expatriates beitragen und ob sich eine Annahmeveränderung gegenüber standardisierten Entsendungskomponenten ableiten lässt. Das Resultat der Ergebnisdiskussion ist eine Handlungsempfehlung, welche die Erfüllung der individuellen Bedürfnisse des Expats im Einklang mit der vorherrschenden Unternehmenskultur berücksichtigt. Im Rahmen eines flexibilisierten Standardprozesses ist ein modularer Aufbau der Entsendungsleistungen mit vordefiniertem Kostenrahmen abbildbar.
Industry 4.0, a term coined at Hannover Messe in Germany in 2011, is believed to be the next disruptive force, driving human progress and innovation. The advent of technologies, such as the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, and new Mobile Technologies, fuel this disruption. To enable Industry 4.0, mankind is dependent on technological infrastructure, provided by companies, operating in the semiconductor industry. Over the last years, these companies have increased their profits and their stocks are currently trading near all-time highs. Yet, uncertainty created by the disruption of Industry 4.0, the growing influence of China on the semiconductor market, economic insecurities created by political uncertainties, like the 2020 US Presidential election, and the risk and implications of a second global wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, make the equity valuation of leading and established companies in the semiconductor industry exceptionally challenging. This paper examines, how different equity valuation methods compare under said circumstances and shows sophisticated valuation methods must be used to limit valuation error. Further, this paper gives an estimation of the possible ranges of value and suggests the industry may currently be overvalued.
The topic of this bachelor’s thesis is the connection between culture and social media marketing for environmental nonprofit organizations. It focuses on the question whether culture does have an impact on the performance of social media marketing for environmental nonprofit organizations. Based on this, the hypothesis is made that culture does have an influence on the intercultural performance of an environmental nonprofit organizations’ social media marketing. To provide an answer, the characteristics of environmental nonprofit organizations and social media marketing are analyzed by the use of cultural frameworks. Furthermore, a closer look towards the connection between culture and social media marketing for environmental nonprofit organizations is provided. As a result, this paper supports the hypothesis that culture does have an impact on the performance of social media marketing for environmental nonprofit organizations. The analysis shows that social media marketing and environmental nonprofit organizations both have characteristics that can be impacted by culture. This can lead to an effect on the performance of the environmental nonprofit organizations’ social media marketing caused by different cultural perceptions and aspects.
This thesis tries to answer questions with respect to a future cultured meat industry, that is what influences consumer behavior and which consumers will be likely to buy cultured meat products. In addition I am trying to answer the question if there even will be a cultured meat industry in the future or whether the current developments can be seen more like a bubble that will disappear once enough money is burned with no profits made. Answering these research questions was quite a challenge, even though I did an extensive amount of research the lack of available data was not ideal. Therefore, I need to acknowledge that with more available data more precise conclusions could have been drawn. Nevertheless, through my research I could conclude that the cultured meat industry, which is shortly before bringing the first products to market is unlikely to disappear. The technology seems sound and the concept behind it seems to make sense. Regarding potential consumers I concluded that marketers should try to identify consumers who go through extensive problem solving when making food or rather lifestyle choices. These consumers might be best to approach when launching the first marketing campaigns for a cultured meat product.
Over the past few decades, global economic circumstances lead to difficulties when attracting, retaining, and motivating staff. In these dynamic markets, HR departments are struggling with how to navigate among new techniques and generations. However, in recent years neuromarketing has gained popularity among managers due to resourceful insights applicable to various business areas. Drawing on an investigation, this study examines how the implications gained from neuromarketing can be used to conduct an employer branding strategy and if neuromarketing methods can be a useful tool for the HR department. Analyzing distinct advantages of neuroscience by applying techniques that allow examining essential elements of the employer branding, leads to the detection of challenges and limits within the employer branding management and suggest a new perspective. Considering the literature gap, the methodology to assess whether there are implications of neuromarketing on employer branding will be derived from product branding. This study will first investigate the comparability of product and employer branding and then examine the extent to which neuromarketing methods can complement supplant the employer branding strategies. Finally, the results show the moderate relevance of neuromarketing on employer branding.
While corporate valuation is among the most applied tools in today's corporate finance, there are several approaches and methods to valuation, which differ regarding structure, value drivers and their need for supplementing data. In this paper, four valuation methods for public-traded companies are examined. The aim is to determine, if it is possible to achieve superior valuation results when the choice of the valuation method is based on recommendations made in literature and the analysis of the target companies characteristics, profile and fundamentals. For a selected set of six public-traded German software companies the four valuation methods are applied in order to test the assumptions. Based on the analysis, the results suggest that superior valuation outcomes can be obtained by choosing the valuation method in accordance with the recommendations made in literature and the target company's profile and financials. Furthermore, implied multiples and DCF stand out as valuation methods that worked best for the majority of the six German software companies.
For thousands of years cash has been the only common payment method worldwide. From the markets of Ancient Rome to the itinerant tradesman of the Middle ages cash was indispensable. It was safe, easily transportable, and durable. Today, cash is considered a phase-out model. Newer, faster, more practical and, above all, more secure payment methods have long been available. Banks and governments in particular would like to abandon cash, as it is much easier to monitor electronic payment transactions than cash transactions. This results in concerns for many citizens, as they, especially the older generation, are still very attached to cash and still have difficulty using alternative payment methods.
However, the rise of electronic payment methods is unstoppable, all experts agree. This matter of fact and its input is an interesting and relevant topic for consumer research. This thesis examines the purchasing behavior of consumers using electronic payment cards. The cards do not differ in their external appearance, the difference lies in the components of the card and ensures that there are two types of cards of different weight. Cards which have the normal weight of this type of card and cards which are slightly heavier than the normal (standard) cards. The reason for the different weight of the cards is that objects of different weights are perceived differently by people. It is generally believed that heavier items are more valuable than light ones, probably due to the heaviness of metals such as gold and silver, which we humans generally consider as very valuable. The aim of this work is to find out if the weight of the cards which are intended for everyday use has an impact on the buying behavior of the consumers. This will be investigated scientifically with an empirical data analysis.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Lösungsansätze für eine kurz- und langfristige Implementierung einer Nachkalkulation herauszuarbeiten, um eine Kontrollfunktion der vorangegangenen Plankalkulation einzurichten. Diese Kontrollfunktion ist von großer Bedeutung, da sie Gewissheit über die Profitabilität einzelner Projekte und im weiteren Sinne der gesamten Unternehmung schaffen soll. Das Fehlen dieser Gewissheit lässt folglich nur eine Schätzung der Profitabilität zu.
Geeignete Lösungsansätze werden im Verlauf dieser Arbeit auf Basis des Abgleichs der Ist- Ausgangslage in den Werken St. Egidien, Sachsen und Kecskemét, Ungarn der ACPS Automotive GmbH mit den theoretischen Grundlagen der Literatur unter Berücksichtigung der verfügbaren Ressourcen erarbeitet. Eine sogenannte Soll-Ist-Analyse soll demnach Klarheit über die Abweichungen zwischen Plankosten und den tatsächlich angefallenen Ist-Kosten geben um korrektive Maßnahmen zu ergreifen.
In dieser Arbeit geht es um das Thema „Bewertung und Entwicklung der Immobilienpreise in Europa von 1999 bis 2019“. Die Zunahme der Immobilienpreise hat große Auswirkungen auf alle Bevölkerungsschichten und Ihrer Kaufkraft. Immobilien sind durch ihre Eigenschaft an den Standort gebunden, dies macht einen Vergleich mit normalen Gütern schwerer. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die Entwicklung von Deutschland und innerhalb der Europäischen Union zu untersuchen und Faktoren zu untersuchen, die für Veränderungen der Immobilienpreise verantwortlich sind. Zudemsoll durch die Anwendung nominierter Bewertungsmethoden, die Bewertung von Immobilien nachvollziehbar sein. Mit der Methode “Literaturrecherche” wird die Entwicklung der Immobilienpreise für Deutschland von 1999 bis 2019 untersucht. Im Theorieteil werden die nominierten Bewertungsmethoden für Deutschland dargestellt und im praktischen Teil angewendet. Es wird festgestellt, dass sich die Immobilienpreise in unterschiedlichen Regionen in Abhängigkeit ihrer Zu-bzw. Abwanderung stark veränderten. Großstädte mit einer starken Zuwanderung wachsen schneller als die Bautätigkeit neue Wohneinheiten erstellt. Dies führt zu einem Nachfrageüberschuss und zu stärker wachsenden Immobilienpreisen als in Städten mit geringerem Zuwachs. Das Land Deutschland wird daher in aktive und passive Räume unterteilt. Die Steigerung der Immobilienpreise in Deutschland ist im Verlauf der Jahre 1999 bis 2019 auf strengere Normen und Vorschriften für die Bautätigkeit, steigende Baukosten und strengere Energievorschriften zurückzuführen. Die Entwicklung innerhalb Europas von 1999 bis 2019 wird mit Deutschland verglichen. In Deutschland hat sich der Hauspreis innerhalb der letzten fünfzig Jahre kaum verändert, dies lässt sich auf die Vergabe von festen Zinsen für Kredite zurückführen. Es wurde bei der Analyse im europäischen Vergleich festgestellt, dass die Immobilienpreise stärker gestiegen sind als die Einkommen. Die Auswirkung ist eine Verschlechterung der Leistbarkeit und Erhöhung der Haushaltsverschuldung. Die Höhe des Bruttoinlandsprodukts, wird beeinflusst durch eine stark wachsende Wirtschaftund hat somit auch Einfluss auf die Arbeitslosenquote, welche sich in der Entwicklung der Immobilienpreise widerspiegelt. Die Krisen haben verschiedene Einflüsse auf den internationalen Immobilienmarkt. Hier ist die Höhe der Inflation ein Treiber für den Anstieg von Immobilienpreisen
This thesis examines the added value of modern approaches of balance sheet analysis for the external analyst. When talking about modern approaches of balance sheet analysis, scoring models, qualitative analysis, discriminant analysis and artificial neural networks are meant. On the basis of an extensive literature research, it is examined to what extent these approaches can overcome the weaknesses of the traditional balance sheet analysis.
Global agierende Unternehmen entsenden ihre Arbeitnehmer zur Weiterqualifizierung und Ausübung ihrer Tätigkeiten ins Ausland. Um die Arbeitnehmer zu schützen sowie die Dienstleistungsfreiheit weiter zu fördern wurde 2018 die Richtlinie 96/71/EG über die Entsendung von Arbeitnehmern im Rahmen der Erbringung von Dienstleistungen reformiert. In Deutschland wurde sie 2020 in das Arbeitnehmerentsendegesetz über-führt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die allgemeinen Auswirkungen der Reform zu analy-sieren und Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten für die AUDI AG zu erarbeiten. Dazu werden fundierte Kenntnisse über die Richtlinien bezüglich Entsendungen in der Europäischen Union, insbesondere in Deutschland aufgebaut. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Entsendungen innerhalb des europäischen Wirtschaftsraumes aufgrund strengerer Regelungen und der Komplexität der Umsetzungsmaßnahmen abnehmen könnten.
This thesis talks about the relation between investor sentiment, stock return and trading volume in the German stock market. Six Granger causality tests were performed in order to determine, whether one of the above mentioned factors is indicative of the others. The results imply that investor sentiment is indicative of both, stock return and trading volume in the specified time period. However, there is no further significant evidence for other relations among the variables. The results are mostly in line with the literature available on this topic and back up the importance of the concept of investor sentiment as investor sentiment delivers an attempt to explain why investors behave irrationally on the stock market. Hence, the factors influencing investor sentiment should be subject to further research in order to gain a broader understanding of the topic.
Given the increasing diversity in today’s business environment and workforce, having the right skills and abilities to manage intercultural interactions become increasingly important. Universities and business schools try to equip their students with the right capabilities by sending them abroad for a study semester or internship.
Within this thesis, the multidimensional construct of Cultural Intelligence, which is defined as being effective in intercultural interactions will be introduced and how students’ international experiences are influencing it.
Using quantitative data from a self-conducted survey which includes the widely used and validated Cultural Intelligence Scale is going to demonstrate if both a study semester and an internship abroad influence Cultural Intelligence more than just one kind of international student experience. The study also tries to find out if previous international experience and Cultural Distance have a significant impact on Cultural Intelligence.
The results indicate that both kinds of international student experiences are not enhancing Cultural Intelligence more than just one type of student experience abroad. There is also no significant influence to be found from prior international experience and Cultural Distance. Although the survey results are not going to provide significant findings, internal and external factors which are enhancing this intelligence are going to be identified theoretically, as well as the positive effects of Cultural Intelligence on the business environment.
Emerging markets are at the core of developing frugal innovations that create value in society. This research paper's overall purpose is to showcase how the emerging market of Zimbabwe has created frugal products through the company Econet Wireless Limited; that have brought a significant turnaround in the economy and, in doing so, have positively impacted the society. Additionally, the research problems of the company’s precise frugal innovations, how they create social value, and to what extent were investigated. The case study method was utilized, and data was collected using existing and or secondary data. Of the frugal innovations by Econet Wireless Limited, Ecocash, a mobile money service, provided a financial system for the unbanked and exbanked solving the money or coin shortage problem. Econet Solar, Econet’s brand for solar products, presented an alternative source to the country's lack of electricity. However, beneficial both products were discovered to have shortcomings that can be improved upon or corrected.
Brand ambassadors have the power to have a positive influence on how consumers feel and their relationship with the brand. Despite the popularity of brand ambassadors and their effectiveness, a company's employees as brand ambassadors have an ideal and credible impact on consumers and how the brand is perceived.
This bachelor thesis reviews the literature of theoretical and empirical nature to identify how business leaders strengthen the image of their corporate brands the objective is to examine and compare the case of Microsoft Bill Gates and Apples Steve Jobs illustrate how they strengthen their respective brand image.
The results indicate that even though the risk of having CEO’s as ambassadors may tarnish the image of the company in case of unethical behaviors, celebrity CEOs such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates have a positive impact on their respective companies and strengthen the brand image.
This thesis explores the emerging phenomenon of second screen marketing, by providing a holistic view on this topic. The first part presents an extensive literature review, approaching second screen marketing from an advertiser’s view. Second screening and user groups are defined and common second screen measures are presented and evaluated.
The second part examines the consumer’s perception of a brand using second screen marketing, comparing two age groups (18 to 30 years and 50 to 62 years). Brand perception is measured following suggestions from Low and Lamb Jr. (2000), using a three-dimensional construct consisting of brand attitude, brand image and perceived quality. Main findings entail, that younger audiences perceive a brand using second screen marketing significantly more positive than the older generation. While perceived quality for both age groups is evaluated neutrally, brand image and brand attitude scores show more extreme values. This is relevant for advertisers, as indications about potential target groups, content creation and success of marketing campaigns can be derived: Especially younger consumers are potential target groups and perceive second screen marketing as modern and innovative, but dishonest. Concerning content, strong implications about quality, an uniform brand image and the communication of trustworthiness should be a focus to marketers.
The well-substantiated “cheerleader effect” proposes that individuals in groups are perceived to be more attractive compared to when they are presented in isolation. With the aim of finding out whether this effect is applicable to additional dimensions of social perception, we investigated attractiveness, salary, vanity and intelligence judgements in two methodologically distinct experiments. We could not detect differences in ratings between the isolated and group presentations of individuals in a between-subjects design but found evidence supporting the existence of the cheerleader and the “banker effect” in the within-subjects design. Besides an increase in attractiveness, replicating the cheerleader effect, individuals were as well perceived to be earning higher salaries when surrounded by others, thus establishing the banker effect and further emphasising the actual impact of group context on trait judgements. The supplementary finding that both effects do not occur simultaneously within the same person creates new pathways for identifying their underlying causes and deriving possible explanations.
Stress is an omnipresent phenomenon that has been increasingly used in a daily context. The underlying concept and far-reaching consequences of prolonged stress however seem to be often underrated. Nevertheless, the digital transition and fast technological advancement have seemingly fuelled the stress experience and created new challenges such as information overload, dysfunctional detachment or far-reaching substitution potential of numerous jobs. In line with this development, there are several health insurance companies being growingly alarmed as a trend of incapacity to work stemming from mental disorders has assumed horrifying proportions. These present circumstances ought to urge employers greatly to take actions, given the fact that employees spend a considerable large percentage of their lifetime at work. Therefore, employers have to assume responsibility in protecting employee’s well-being. In this context, the present bachelor thesis aims to provide an action model for employers in how to establish a stress management model in the framework of a holistic operation health management. Furthermore, the established model shall address particularly young professionals who have recently entered the job market. This is justified by the major transitions a career starter usually undergoes which commonly constitutes a particular stressful time in an individual’s life. For this purpose, this scientific work further builds on creating a comprehension of the current state of research and literature that has been collected to date. Providing an updated literature review, this work builds on secondary analyses. The bachelor thesis emphasises the complex nature of stress depending on a wide range of influential factors that can be both internal and external (work design, technological advancement, inherent resources as well as social support). Accordingly, employers can take action in realising behavioural prevention measures (i.e. trainings in communication, time management and relaxation techniques) and environmental prevention measures (i.e. workplace improvements by reduction of noise/dirt pollution, ergonomic workplace design;work tasks improvementsby increased scope for control, flexible working and break times; supporting health-promoting behaviour, e.g. balanced and healthy canteen meals, fitness courses).
Die Volkshochschulen befinden sich im Zentrum des Weiterbildungslandschafts und sind fast in jedem kleinen Ort zu finden. Sie verfügen über ein reiches Angebot und erfüllen den politischen Auftrag des Staats. Der Lockdown im März-Mai 2020 hat die Arbeit der Volkshochschulen in vielen Aspekten beeinflusst. Die totale Schulschließung wegen der Corona-Epidemie hat aktuelle Probleme der VHS hervorgehoben. Dazu fehlende Analyse der Zufriedenheit und Wahrnehmung der Teilnehmer über die VHS-Angebote, Schwierigkeiten bei der Digitalisierung des Lernprozesses, mangelhafte Medienkompetenzen von einigen Dozenten und Kursteilnehmern usw.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das VHS-Portfolio, Teilnehmerbereitschaft zum Online Learning, Teilnehmerzufriedenheit und Bewusstsein über die VHS-Angebote vor dem Hintergrund der Corona-Epidemie kritisch untersucht. Die Arbeit enthält auch eine SWOT-Analyse und die Analyse einiger VHS-Wettbewerber. Ein dreiwöchiges Experiment mit der Lerngruppe und seine Ergebnisse wurden beschrieben und interpretiert.
Global warming threatens our climate. The planet we know today will deteriorate seriously if nothing changes. The massive consumption of textiles makes the fashion industry as the second leading global polluter after the oil industry. The rise in population increases demand and therefore, also production, which in turn leads to harmful environmental impacts. The global consumers have become increasingly concerned and aware of the importance of sustainability. Due to rising awareness of customers regarding the environment, green marketing strategies have become an important topic. Therefore, a huge number of companies are “greening” their marketing mix. Environmental concern and knowledge of consumers are growing but there is still contradicting behavior of consumers regarding environmentally friendly products. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of green marketing practices and environmental behavior factors on consumer buying behavior taking the fashion industry as an example. This thesis depends on theoretical findings of green marketing and environmental behavior factors in general and on the fashion industry. The practical part consists of a self-conducted survey were the impact of the above-mentioned determinants were examined on the example of eco-friendly fashion. Conclusions that can be drawn from the study were that even though consumers know about the negative impact of the fashion industry and they are concerned about the environment it does not translate into their behavior, since there are other factors which influence consumers decision more heavily when purchasing fashion items.
Shortage of skilled workers, this term has been an integral part of the public debate for years, whether in the German parliament, in newspapers, scientific journals, articles or in political debates. The consequences of the shortage of skilled workers have a major influence on the future development of the Federal Republic of Germany, particularly so for the nursing sector. The problem is especially harshly debated in 2020 due to the devastating consequences of the global outbreak of the coronavirus at the end of 2019 and the effects of demographic changes (Schmidt et al. 2012; Hower, Pförtner & Pfaff 2020).
This bachelor thesis analyzes the personnel management of employers in the German nursing sector in view of the already existing and imminent shortage of skilled workers respectively. This will be examined based on what employers are offering employees, using job advertisements as an example. The following questions are to be examined:
"What does the employer offer an applicant?", "What offers and services does the company attract candidates with?", "Are employers doing enough to successfully recruit employees?", "What can the company do better when writing job advertisements?“ The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the topic of the shortage of skilled workers, the theoretical background and portraits basic explanations. The practical part of the bachelor thesis uses an empirical analysis of selected variables to investigate which benefits, e.g. remuneration and offerings, in job advertisements are used by employers in the nursing sector to recruit employees.
The results of this analysis are then evaluated, assessed and finally interpreted. The results of this thesis will be used to derive suggestions for improvements in personnel marketing (successful recruitment of candidates) and to point out which details need to be considered when drafting job advertisements.
Veränderungen sind in Projekten allgegenwärtig. Kaum ein Projekt erreicht seine Ziele ohne zwischenzeitliche Anpassungen. Durch die Globalisierung sind Projektteams heutzutage zunehmend interkulturell aufgestellt. Aus diesem Grund ist es das Ziel dieser Abschlussarbeit Maßnahmen aufzuzeigen, durch die die Kommunikation von Veränderungen in einem Projekt mit interkulturellem Projekthintergrund der DB Energie GmbH optimiert werden kann. Dazu wurden die folgenden Forschungsfragen gestellt: Inwieweit haben kulturelle Unterschiede innerhalb eines Projektteams Einfluss auf die Veränderungskommunikation? und Welche Kommunikationskanäle und Maßnahmen können dazu beitragen die Kommunikation im Change Management Prozess zu verbessern? Um die Forschungsfragen zu beantworten, sind Interviews geführt und eine Online-Umfrage im Projekt durchgeführt worden, die sich an die Mitarbeiter in dem betrachteten Projekt der DB Energie GmbH richtete. Die Ergebnisse der Interviews haben gezeigt, dass der kulturelle Hintergrund von Projektmitarbeitern kaum einen Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung sowie das Verständnis von kommunizierten Veränderungen hat, da die Experten sich der deutschen Kultur angepasst haben. Es ist also nicht notwendig, in Bezug auf die Kommunikation im Hinblick auf den kulturellen Hintergrund unterschiedlich zu verfahren. Die Antworten auf dem Fragebogen zeigen, dass die Sprache keinen Einfluss auf das Verständnis der Veränderung hat, dennoch sollte darüber nachgedacht werden, zweisprachig zu kommunizieren. Bezogen auf den Kommunikationskanal eigenen sich besonders E-Mails oder auch E-Mails in Verbindung mit dem einmal monatlich stattfindenden Floorbriefings. Wer die Veränderung kommuniziert ist zweitrangig. Zudem wird deutlich, dass Diskussionen und Nachfragen des Kommunikators bezogen auf das Verständnis der kommunizierten Veränderungen helfen.
The objective of this thesis is to determine whether or which of the two types of praise effort-based or ability-based – has more positive psychological effects on humans.
Therefore, various study results on these two types of praise will be summarized and compared. This comparison shows that in the short-term, ability-based praise can have a more positive effect on the performance of a person, but in the long-term, effort-based praise has a much better effect. In order to explain this effect, the following two theoretical approaches are examined in more detail: theory of fixed and growth mindset and the effort-ability-relation. Although theory and study results suggest that effort-based praise is the better option, there are some reasons why using only effort-based praise can be harmful. To overcome these harmful effects, it is important to use praise responsibly and accordingly as well as to be aware of its powerful influence.
With the advent of a worldwide internationalization and globalization companies around the globe have been looking to increase their market shares abroad (K Aiginger, H Handler, 2017).
For the German automotive industry in particular and therefore the German tool industry respectively, the Chinese market has become a very lucrative and important marketplace in recent years (A Fraß, 2016).
This thesis is presenting a case study for the German family-run business Hufschmied Zerspanungssysteme GmbH. It is meant as a foundation and guideline for any future business endeavors in the Chinese market for Hufschmied Zerspanungssysteme GmbH. This thesis consequently examines the current market situation for the tool industry in China and analyses Hufschmied´s competitiveness of its current product portfolio.
The German machine tool industry is supplying different branches in China, for this case study a closer look at the aviation industry and automotive industry will be taken.
The Chinese market has been exhibiting a large growth over the last few years, but current events such as the implementation of tariffs (UN, 2020) and the recent outbreak of the Covid-19 Virus (SM Iacus et al., 2020) might mitigate the attractiveness of the market. Without a doubt there are both Challenges and Opportunities for the German machine tool industry in the Chinese market.
Accordingly, the thesis will with the combination of empirical research data and a market analysis of the Chinese market draw a conclusion to which degree the Chinese market offers challenges and opportunities for the German machine tool industry. Additionally, a PEST-Analysis of the Chinese market will provide further insights regarding the market situation in the target market.
This thesis will employ qualitative research methods, the needed data is going to be acquired from primary and secondary sources. As for primary sources, observations and interviews will be used, secondary sources will consist of articles as well as related literature.
This bachelor thesis is written in cooperation with the ZF Friedrichshafen AG, a global player in the automotive supplier industry. It deals with the change in live-communication that will occur during the next years and therefore especially with the change in trade fairs and events as this are the two most important live-communication formats. In live-communication there are major trends which will become more important in the future. This thesis will not only look at the trend of the digitalization but also in particular on the trend of sustainability in live-communication. To take a deeper look on the changes a short survey was conducted to see how companies in the trade fair sector implement sustainability and how relevant digital livecommunication formats are or will become. It is important to know which measures need to be considered when talking about sustainability in live-communication and whether digital formats have the potential to replace the traditional ones in the future. Therefore, you need to look on the pros and cons of a digital event in comparison to a classical real one.
The literature on feedback was reviewed with respect to its effectiveness. The argument was made that the effectiveness is determined by the recipient´s feedback orientation (openness to feedback). The factors were explored by answering three questions derived from the hypothesized feedback orientation theory from Trost (2020). The research indicated two factors that contribute to employee feedback orientation. The first factor is the feedback source who should have a coach leadership style. The second factor is the feedback environment which should have the element of learning and coaching.