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In 2013 China's President Xi Jinping announced a new project. In his vision, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) creates and opens trade routes between China and western countries, mostly the Middle East, Central Asia, Afrika, and Europe, via maritime and land routes. These trade corridors should establish and improve trade relationships often by high investments in the infrastructure.
The motivation behind the initiative is manifold. On the one hand, China wants to become more independent from the Western industrialized countries by building a new economic system. On the other hand, it wants to consolidate and expand its geopolitical influence.
China's state-owned banks have been the largest investors in the Belt and Road Initiative so far, but China has also been able to attract major EU countries such as Germany, France, the UK, and others to jointly establish the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and invest in BRI projects through it.
Although German companies are hoping to participate in the Belt and Road because they expect significant economic benefits, the German government is refraining from concluding an agreement with China for the time being. The EU is somewhat skeptical about the initiative, but no sanctions or interventions have been taken from its side so far. Yet, the EU is split, and countries such as Greece or Italy have already signed an agreement with China and thus received financial support for their infrastructure.
This bachelor thesis explains the Belt and Road Initiative in detail, tries to highlight the motives behind it and illustrates the impact the Belt and Road Initiative has on Germany and the EU and which implications this has for the German economy.
The new VUCA world leads to faster processes in companies, why the strategic planning
for employee training has changed.
The company Continental AG in Villingen therefore wants to introduce an LMS in shopfloor. The introduction of a new learning platform leads to a change in the learning culture. This paper aims to answer the research question:
“How can a learning culture be created with the help of the introduction of an LMS?”
Thereby barriers and success factors that promote a learning culture by using an LMS will be noted. To answer the research question, a qualitative research study was
conducted. Based on conducted expert interviews, formed categories were used to answer
the research question. The analysis shows that marketing of LMS leads to an increase in
acceptance of the LMS. Created frameworks support continuous learning and by means of the defined strategy the implementation of independent learning can take place. With
the help of the effectiveness and the implementation of the goals, the learning culture can now be measured and promoted. Further research could be to determine the influence of voluntary use on the learning culture.
The thesis examines challenges of virtual feedback and possible differences to face-to-face communication with the aim of finding out which challenges and advantages employees perceive regarding virtual feedback and virtual communication. Based on the challenges mentioned, recommendations are developed that can be used by companies to counteract the challenges of virtual communication. It is crucial to look at the challenges of virtual communication because the Corona pandemic caused an increase in virtual working and, according to some forecasts, virtual working will continue to gain importance after the pandemic. To find out how the change to home office affects feedback from the employee's perspective, an online survey was created in which 15 employees from different industries were interviewed. The results show that employees in the virtual context receive less feedback, but most employees in the home office still feel sufficiently praised. In addition, there is an increased inhibition threshold to contact others in the virtual context, which means that employees solve problems themselves more often, but employees ask for the same amount of feedback from their manager virtually as they do on site in the company. In addition, spontaneous and informal communication is significantly reduced in the virtual context and new communication tools are sometimes introduced in the virtual context, for example the use of MS Teams has risen strongly in many companies since the corona pandemic.
When translanguaging, individuals use and combine all their available language repertoires in order to increase comprehension. The use of different languages together
implies that there is no strict language separation. First studied in a school context, the primary purposes of this concept are the complete understanding of subject matter and the simultaneous development of additional languages. Recent studies in different business contexts show the concept’s transferability to other environments. This brings forth questions about, firstly, the implementation of translanguaging in a workplace and, secondly, the possible effects of translanguaging on interpersonal relationships in work teams. The focus of the analysis hereby lies on work teams with intellectual and creative
tasks. The transferability of International High School’s eight core principles, which are meant to improve students’ translanguaging skills, into a business context is discussed. The theoretical analysis results show that the eight principles are, in theory, all applicable
to creative and intellectual teams, but further challenges may arise. No definite answer is presented regarding the effect on interpersonal relationships; both positive and negative effects are possible. Results are all context-dependent, and further empirical research is needed to study the theoretical assumptions made in the present paper.
In times of demographic change, globalization, digitalization and change in the coming generations, human resources development with the qualification and further development of executives is becoming increasingly important. The company Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG has introduced the new management level of team leader for sales and administration since the beginning of 2021. In addition to the team leaders in sales and administration, there is an unofficial management level in logistics. The team leader level at Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG has already existed for several years but has received little attention in terms of development and qualification.
The topic of the paper deals with the importance of the qualification of managers on team leader level in the logistics of Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG. Thereby the work deals with the construct of leading, the manager in general and the development measures in a company. A deeper insight is given in this area into the various qualification programs of Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG.
The qualitative content analysis according to Mayring is applied for the question to be answered, whether the qualification of the managers on team leader level is attributed an importance and if so, how this is weighted. The results of the interviews indicate that the Würth company attaches great importance to the qualification of managers at team leader level, and thus a high significance. This is made clear by appropriate points, such as the influence on the employees by their shown behavior and actions. Furthermore, this is in direct connection with the leadership styles and leadership behavior, which can be influenced by the development and promotion of competencies.
Advancements in digital technologies, such as the Industrial Internet of Things, enabled machinery manufacturers to develop software products that complement and enhance existing products, such as production systems. Some of these software products aim to improve industrial production by assisting users, primarily machine operators, with their work. Although it is essential for a successful market launch that the software product meets users' needs, some manufacturers have difficulties identifying them. This situation is because the interface of their software products to users, especially user input mechanisms, encounters shortcomings. Typically, user input mechanisms enable user input, such as feature requests, to occur, which ultimately can assist in identifying users' needs.
This thesis investigates Syntegon Packaging Systems AG and their software product myShopfloor as an exemplary machinery manufacturer within a case study. The case study's findings exemplify that the contextual conditions in the business-to-business domain, particularly the food industry, and internal shortcomings present challenges in gathering user input to identify and meet users' needs. Therefore, this case study proposed and conducted a solution for improving the interface of myShopfloor.
The solution started by conducting market research to identify user input mechanisms and tools used in the software industry. Afterward, the identified user input mechanisms were evaluated in a survey with Syntegon Packaging Systems AG employees based on their usefulness for myShopfloor. The evaluation of the survey resulted in selecting user input mechanisms rated as very useful by these employees. In contrast, a subsequent evaluation of the identified tools resulted in an appropriate combination of tools covering the selected user input mechanisms.
Finally, an implementation strategy for myShopfloor was outlined as the last part of the solution. First, use cases resulting from each user input mechanism were described to illustrate how specific user flows could lead to user input.
Afterward, an adjustment of the Scrum software development process of myShopfloor suggested how to handle and convert the emerging user input into implementable product backlog items. Thereby, this thesis exemplified how to improve the interface of software products by investigating and recommending a solution to myShopfloor. This example was then used for generalizing the results for other companies.
Durch eine ständig wandelnde Unternehmensumwelt sowie der Komplexität der Globalisierung sehen sich immer mehr Unternehmen gefordert systematisches, effektives und effizientes Risikomanagement zu betreiben. Vor allem Rohstoffmärkte sind durch weltweite Wechselbeziehungen sehr undurchschaubar. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der praktischen Anwendbarkeit eines beschaffungsseitigen idealtypischen Frühaufklärungssystems am Beispiel der Unternehmensgruppe bott herangezogen, welches die Preisentwicklung der Beschaffung von Aluminiumstrangpressprofilen in den Fokus stellt. Zudem wird analysiert welche Faktoren für die Treffgenauigkeit des Systems zu beachten sind. Die Forschung erfolgt anhand von Literaturarbeit sowie semistrukturierten Leitfrageninterviews.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das modellhafte Frühaufklärungssystem ein großes Potenzial hat die Unternehmensgruppe bei der Beschaffung von Aluminiumstrangpressprofilen zu unterstützen, jedoch eine Kombinationslösung mit verwandten Systemen zielführender sein kann. Ebenfalls riefen manche theoretische Erfolgsfaktoren des Systems praktische Hinterfragungen hervor.
The recent launch of the app MeasureOn by Robert Bosch Power Tools GmbH, which focuses on the connection of measuring tools to smartphone or tablet, floor planning and photo functions has raised new challenges and questions within the company. The app, which targets pro and ‘do-it-yourself’ users of Bosch PT will soon receive additional features and is set to be divided into a free (no cost) version and a pro (paid) version.
Intention of the thesis is to provide its reader with a classification of the current basic plan and potential as well as missing functions of MeasureOn with respect to its predecessors, competitors, and customer feedback.
Furthermore, recommendations for the classification of planned functions as well as the identification of functions whose misclassification could prove critical, will be provided.
In a last step, a strategy, which will serve as a guide for how to find out which future features should be included in the free plan, and which should be included in the pro plan will be presented.
The results of the thesis are based on the consolidation of data regarding former apps and app concepts offered by Bosch PT, data concerning MeasureOn and insights, which can be derived when comparing MeasureOn to competitor apps.
It is concluded that the currently defined free functions primarily cover the needs of the users. However, the function of exporting projects and exporting workspaces is considered difficult to classify, as risks and potentials are indicated in equal measure. Furthermore, the sales potential is identified, especially with 3D functionality and export, and a template for a survey is created to assess the ambiguities about the export functions as well as functions planned but not yet defined.
This bachelor thesis addresses the topic of digitalization in the healthcare industry and the resulting integration of Artificial Intelligence into medical care. The aim of this thesis is to develop new business model ideas for an international medical device manufacturer, enabled by the integration of a digital solution into the product portfolio. Furthermore, measures for the successful implementation of the business model ideas and positioning of the organization are to be developed.
To achieve this goal, a market research on the impact of digitalization in the healthcare industry and the resulting integration of Artificial Intelligence into medical care was conducted based on the relevant literature. In addition, the resulting opportunities and risks for the specific use case were identified.
Within the scope of this thesis, the following business model ideas were identified:
- BMI 1: Individual module-based offering,
- BMI 2: Comprehensive product and service solutions,
- BMI 3: Integrated supply and patient pathway solutions,
- BMI 4: Data platform provider.
Recommendations for successful positioning include (1) strengthening organizational structures for process orientation, (2) placing the digital solution not only as a solution for the patient pathway, but also as an enabler for ambulatory procedures, (3) expanding the digital solution with secondary process applications, (4) building a skilled workforce, and (5) partnering with technology companies to manage implementation of the platform-based business model idea.
Im Ingenieurwesen herrscht trotz laufender Bemühungen nach wie vor eine starke geschlechtsspezifische Segregation. Die weibliche Unterrepräsentation von Frauen hat mehrere Gründe: Stereotype bedrohen die Selbstwirksamkeit von Frauen,
was sie oft davon abhält, sich für einen Ingenieurberuf zu entscheiden. Außerdem wird der Ingenieurberuf häufig mit stereotypisch männlichen Attributen in Verbindung gebracht. Dennoch ist die Erhöhung des Frauenanteils in den Ingenieurberufen aus Gründen der Chancengleichheit und Gleichberechtigung, aber auch aufgrund des demografischen Wandels von großer Bedeutung. Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es daher, die Erfolgsfaktoren von Ingenieurinnen zu identifizieren. Die Studie zeigt, dass erfolgreiche Ingenieurinnen oft schon in der frühen Kindheit technische Berührungspunkte hatten und in einem technischen Familienumfeld aufgewachsen sind. Neben einem hohen Maß an intrinsischer Motivation, weisen Ingenieurinnen auch eine hohe Identifikation mit der Technik auf, genau wie ihre männlichen Kollegen. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass weibliche Unterstützungsnetzwerke eine zentrale Rolle für den Erfolg von Ingenieurinnen spielen. Auch berufliche Vorbilder tragen zum Erfolg bei, wobei das Geschlecht hier nur eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Die Ingenieurinnen nehmen sowohl männliche als auch weibliche Kollegen zum Vorbild. Die meisten Befragten lehnen eine Frauenquote ab, da im beruflichen Kontext keine geschlechtsspezifische Diskriminierung wahrgenommen werde.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit war es auf Grundlage der wichtigsten theoretischen Konzepte der Kostenrechnung die Integration der Spartenrechnung im neuen ERP-System der AGVS Aluminium Werke GmbH und die damit verbundene Vorbereitung auf eine Profit-Center-Analyse der Produktionssparten zu erläutern. Weiterführend sollte noch die Möglichkeit einer Teilkostenrechnung der vorhandenen Vollkostenrechnung gegenübergestellt werden. Die theoretische Beleuchtung von Systemen der Vollkosten- sowie Teilkostenrechnung als auch des Profit-Center-Konzepts ermöglichte die fachliche Erörterung der Kostenrechnung innerhalb der AGVS Aluminium Werke GmbH und der Integration der Spartenrechnung in das System. Dabei wurden bestehende und angestrebte Vorgehensweisen als auch Probleme und Lösungen aufgezeigt. Das Vorhaben einer erfolgreichen Systemintegration der vorhandenen Spartenrechnung wurde umgesetzt und darüber hinaus wurden Optimierungen und Potenziale bezüglich der Rechnung geschaffen.
What is integrity and how does it impact the individual, culture or organization? Research has shown that the presence of integrity tend to correlate with positive outcomes in the business or private life, regardless of the surrounding. Additionally, integrity impacts and shapes the individual or organization behavior. The paper aims to determine how important integrity role in leadership is and wether it matters to perceive it as a must-have value. For this study, an in-depth review of secondary literature was conducted. The secondary data was collected in two approaches, online and offline. Thorough analysis of the data showed a tendency of integrity in leadership.
Currently, a digital transformation is taking place in logistics and manufacturing environments of the Robert Bosch GmbH. This digital transformation consists of several central initiatives, resulting in big impacts on the organizations of the business units. This paper aims to provide an overview of these organizational changes with regard to the role of change management. After identifying the organizational setting at Bosch, the ongoing digital transformation at the business unit Powertrain Solutions is analyzed by focusing on the future collaboration strategy between logistics and manufacturing as well as the organizational transformation along the Value Stream Integrated Processes and IT program. The complexity of the ongoing transformation is narrowed down to the changes in processes and IT-landscapes before elaborating the future interaction between the landscape documentation tools “scout.it” and “Lean IX”. The readiness of plants in preparation for the Bosch Manufacturing and Logistics Platform is determined by creating a dashboard using Microsoft Power BI.
Ahead of the analytical work, the paper considers theoretical insights about the current state of research in terms of the digital development and change management to ensure successful planning, implementation and preservation of future organizational changes at Bosch.
This thesis aims to investigate the presence of herding behaviour in the German DAX40 market during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Herding behaviour is a phenomenon in behavioural finance where investors ignore their own information and base their decisions on fellow market participants. This behaviour most often presents during times of high market volatility. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a critical effect on the German financial markets, making it an appropriate time period to detect herding behaviour among investors of the DAX40.To begin this investigation, a literature review is used to build a good understanding of the causes and effects of herding behaviour. The literature review also presents some of the most influential models which aim to explain herding behaviour in financial markets. This is followed by using the methodology of the Cross-sectional standard deviation (CSSD) and the cross-sectional absolute deviation (CSAD), two empirical models to detect herding in financial markets. For the investigation, daily stock data of the DAX40 performance index and the DAX40 companies was collected for two years surrounding the pandemic's beginning in March 2020. No significant evidence of herding was detected in the DAX40 market during the sampling period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Die Bachelorarbeit „Erweiterung des Produktportfolios eines Unternehmens als Reaktion auf die Corona-Krise“ beschreibt die strategische Vorgehensweise eines Unternehmers bei der Einführung eines neuen Produktes. Dabei war das Projektziel möglichst viel zusätzlichen Gewinn bei möglichst geringem Risiko zu erwirtschaften. Es werden verschiedene Einflüsse erklärt, die den Projekterfolg maßgeblich gestalten. Die Vorgehensweise bei der Segmentierung sowie die Positionierung innerhalb einer Nische wurde dargestellt.
Der Projekterfolg wurde gemessen an ROI und EBIT.
This paper investigates the influence of manipulated attention on the perceived severity of financial risks. Participants undertake an online survey where they get exposed to images of various financial risk sources, while their attention is directed towards one of five available visual images of financial risk hazards.
Beforehand, they are instructed to remember and repeat the respective labeling of all pictures. It is ensured that the attended picture is randomly chosen, and the participants are aware of the corresponding names. Subsequently, participants are asked to rate the risk on four related characteristics.
Considering the responses of 292 people, only the numerical values indicate differences between attended and unattended risks, but the applied statistical measures provide no evidence for this hypothesis.
This paper reflects the topic of risk regarding an individual’s propensity to engage in risky behavior. Therefore, a survey was conducted among four different cultures to study cultural effects on risk-taking behavior. These contained Germany, France, China, and Latin America with a total sample size of 655. The applied questionnaire covered seven different domains regarding social, recreational, health/safety, ethical, investment, gambling, and business risk for which the participants had to assess the likelihood to engage in theoretical situations on a scale of 1 to 6. Significant cultural differences, as well as domain-specificity, could be confirmed using several one-way ANOVAs for the statistical evaluation. In this case, in comparison with the other cultures, Germany showed the highest risk propensity in the social domain, France for recreational and ethical risk, Latin America in the business as well as health/safety sector, and China in the investment and gambling domain.
One size fits all? A multicultural marketing perspective on the U.S. market for luxury watches
(2021)
The purchase of luxury goods like mechanical watches is experiencing steady growth and it is increasingly shifting to e-commerce platforms, also due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nevertheless, there are culture-related different motivations to purchase those items. One size fits all? According to this question it was investigated if there can be several cultures detected and if they show a different purchase behavior along the customer journey that can be explained with one of the six dimensions of Geert Hofstede (2001). Therefore, several hypotheses along the customer journey are set to find out if there are still ethnical backgrounds that have an influence on the buying process of the U.S. customers. The focus for this research lies on Asian Americans and Hispanics in comparison with the 'Rest of the USA', including ethnic groups like White Caucasians, Afro Americans, and many more.
In order to answer the research question, a quantitative study was deducted with the help of Google Analytics. It provided several Key Performance Indicators like for example sessions, bounce rates, session durations, purchased brands, and many more on Chrono24’s marketplace in the USA.
The study shows that the observed cultures in fact have different characteristics along the customer journey, but not every hypothesis could be explained conformingly with one of Hofstede’s dimensions. Consequently, a one size fits all customer journey does not exist. Additionally, the work suggests how further research and cultural adaptions can lead to optimized customer journeys on a marketplace.
Durch die Coronapandemie wurden die kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) in eine schwere finanzielle Lage gebracht. Die von Bund beschlossenen Coronahilfen sollten den angeschlagenen Unternehmen helfen, ihre Umsatzeinbußen auszugleichen. Durch eine Umfrage bei KMU und Experteninterviews wurde die Situation der Unternehmen im Bezug auf die Hilfen betrachtet und neue Lösungsvorschläge erarbeitet.
Demografische Entwicklungen, wie der zukünftige Nachwuchskräftemangel aufgrund einer alternden Gesellschaft und dem Geburtenrückgang, stellen Unternehmen zunehmend vor neue Herausforderungen. Die Personalentwicklung im Unternehmen muss, auf die aus den verschiedenen Entwicklungen resultierenden Bedürfnissen der einzelnen Mitarbeitenden in einzelnen Lebensphasen angepasst werden.
Daraus ergibt sich folgende Forschungsfrage: Wie kann Maxon seine Personalentwicklung, unter Berücksichtigung der Ziele und Ressourcen des Unternehmens, anpassen, sodass die Bedürfnisse der Mitarbeitenden in ihren Lebensphasen befriedigt werden und gleichermaßen attraktive Angebote für jede Generation verfügbar sind?
Um diese Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurden qualitative Interviews mit Mitarbeitenden des Unternehmens durchgeführt. 16 Mitarbeitende aus dem technischen und kaufmännischen Bereich wurden zu den Themen Lebens- und Berufsphasen, Personalentwicklung, sowie zwei weiteren Benefits, betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement und Sozialleistungen, befragt. Die Interviews geben Aufschluss über die Bedürfnisse der befragten Personen in den unterschiedlichen Generationen und Lebensphasen. Es geht hervor, dass vor allem Flexibilität in der Einteilung der Arbeitszeit eine große Rolle spielt. Dies trifft vor allem auf die befragten Personen, in der Lebensphase Elternzeit, Pflege oder selbst initiierte Weiterbildungen, zu. Auch der Wunsch nach einer flexibleren Gestaltung der Personalentwicklung wird geäußert. Dies kann vor allem durch Online-Weiterbildungen realisiert werden, die rundum positiv bewertet werden. Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und mentale Gesundheit haben vor allem bei der Generation X und Y einen hohen Stellenwert. Diese Generationen äußern das Bedürfnis, diese Themen im Rahmen der Personalentwicklung intensiver zu behandeln, um Stress und Burnout vorzubeugen. Die befragten Personen der Generation 50+ wünschen sich mehr Personalentwicklungsangebote für ihre Altersgruppe. Bei dem Umgang mit digitalen Medien ist bei dieser Generation ebenso Entwicklungsbedarf festgestellt worden.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es zu prüfen, inwiefern der Entwurf des deutschen Sorgfaltspflichtengesetzes für den Schutz der Menschenrechte und Umweltstandards wirksam und notwendig ist. Das Forschungsthema wurde anhand der Textilindustrie beleuchtet. Es wurden internationale Standards, Richtlinien und Vereinbarungen näher betrachtet. Des Weiteren wurden die menschenrechtlichen Sorgfaltspflichten und die Inhalte des Entwurfes für ein allgemeines Grundverständnis evaluiert. Die Arbeit analysierte die Lieferkettengesetze im Ausland und alternative Maßnahmen. Durch Experteninterviews mit Unternehmen aus der Textilbranche wurden neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigten, dass freiwillige Maßnahmen nur eine eingeschränkte Wirksamkeit haben, da nicht alle Unternehmen verpflichtet werden und die Maßnahmen nicht rechtsbindend sind. Jedoch helfen freiwillige Maßnahmen in der Regel dabei, die menschenrechtliche Sorgfaltspflicht und den Entwurf des deutschen Sorgfaltspflichtengesetzes einzuhalten. Grundsätzlich hängt die Wirksamkeit eines Lieferkettengesetzes von der inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung ab. Viele der Auswirkungen des deutschen Sorgfaltspflichtengesetzes sind weitestgehend ungeklärt und werden sich erst nach der Einführung des Gesetzes zeigen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Lieferkettengesetze mit Sanktionen, wie Geldstrafen und Klagemöglichkeiten meist verstärkt eingehalten werden.
Das an der Hochschule Furtwangen University angebotene Outdoor-Wildwassertraining (WWM-Seminar) verknüpft die Managementlehre mit dem Kajakfahren auf dem Wildwasser. Studierende können dieses mehrtägige Wahlpflichtfach freiwillig belegen, nehmen an Theorieeinheiten teil und erfahren sowie erproben das Gelernte auf dem Wildwasserfluss. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird anhand einer Studie überprüft, welche Auswirkungen das WWM-Seminar auf die Management Skills der Studierenden hat. Dafür wurden Teilnehmende (Testgruppe) sowie Nicht-Teilnehmende (Kontrollgruppe) des Trainings mithilfe eines Fragebogens im Pretest-Posttest-Design befragt. Die Auswertungen der Daten durch analytische Statistik zeigen signifikante Verbesserungen der Einschätzungen der Teilnehmenden bezüglich ihrer Managementfähigkeiten und-fertigkeiten. Lernerfolge durch das WWM-Seminar können angenommen werden.
Abstract
With the writing of this paper, I have the intention to move the legal entity further into the public discourse and test the hypothesis whether the legal entity in its current form is still contemporary. The principle of separability combined with the economic principle is offering much potential to exploit the current economic landscape. Although they are partly constrained by several laws. This cause frictions between governments and corporations. In the following, this paper will show you different ways how companies such as Nestlé, Ikea, or E.ON use the legal entity to follow the economic principle. Furthermore, this paper will show how professional football clubs uses the legal entity to attract investors and in which manner the German Football Association (DFB) use their status as a non-profit organization. The government is trying to restrain companies with laws and restrictions such as a new form of a class action or regulations that prevent nuclear energy operators from outsourcing liabilities to subsidiaries, which arguing against the initial hypothesis. An important part deals with the justification for the existence and criticism of the legal person. Here, the focus is located on statements beside legal professionals such as Christian Jaag who thinks that the current version of the legal person does not fit to the international tax law. He mentioned as a reason for its existence that without the legal person there would not be a taxation in the country it is located as customers, suppliers or employee may locate somewhere else. Experts outside of jurisprudence rarely comment on the legal person. Economists are silent about it and take it for granted, as it is to their advantage.
Nutzbarkeit digitaler Medien für erfolgreiches Teambuilding bei der Hochland Deutschland GmbH
(2021)
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Teambildung. Es zeigt mögliche Gründe und Ziele von Teambildung auf, erklärt, was Teambildung eigentlich ist, warum Unternehmen darauf bauen, und unterscheidet das Konzept eines Teams von dem einer Gruppe. Es geht um die Frage, ob Teambuilding auch über digitale Medien möglich ist und inwieweit digitale Medien als Chance für Unternehmen genutzt werden können. Darüber hinaus wird eine Methode zur Diagnose eines Teams vorgestellt, die Perspektive des Betriebsrats hervorgehoben und die Möglichkeit zur Messung des Erfolgs der Teambildung erörtert. Darüber hinaus wurden Experteninterviews durchgeführt, die der Arbeit beigefügt sind und einen Einblick in zwei größere deutsche Unternehmen geben.
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to the topic of insurance in the outdoor sports sector. The range of services offered by personal liability insurances, business liability insurances, association liability insurances and accident insurances were examined. For this purpose, all insurance terms and conditions available or obtainable in spring 2021 by companies organized in the German Insurance Association
(Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e.V.) were compiled and examined for commonalities and differences. Exclusions, inclusions, and special features by the insurance companies were also considered. The results are presented in a tabular overview. As a result, it was possible to determine that in the case of personal liability insurances, coverage for all types of sports is basically provided by all insurance companies without distinction. Deviations can only be found in the areas of horses/riding, water sports and air sports. Only in this spectrum personal liability insurers each make their own offer, which can clearly distinguish them from their competitors. In the case of business liability, no generalized regulations could be identified, except that the respective business purpose is insured.
Thus, specialized outdoor sports companies or outdoor events of other companies are insured. In conclusion, competition among insurance companies is likely to be most pronounced in business liability insurances. Association liability insurances lag behind these major liability areas because sports associations can obtain coverage from a major insurer. The offers by the insurance companies focus on the purpose of the association and are evaluated individually. With the exception of air sports activities, accident insurances indiscriminately insure all bodily injuries that occur as a result of an accident in a private context in outdoor sports. In general, outdoor sports activities of all kinds are always insured or can be insured through appropriate rate or contract negotiations.
This research paper aims to provide an overview of companies listed in the German DAX, MDAX and SDAX indices that have been involved in prosecution procedures directly contradicting their Corporate Social Responsibility strategies and how they present themselves as a Corporate Citizen. The terms Corporate Citizenship and Corporate Social Responsibility will be further defined and the reasons companies implement them elaborated. The results will be structured according to the stock index they belong to and whether they had any active prosecution procedures by government organizations against them during the last ten years that would go against their Corporate Citizenship strategy. The end result will be judged in terms of how a company can propagate certain values while being investigated for actions that directly contradict them and whether it could be considered hypocritical for companies to be involved in them while claiming to be a “good” Corporate Citizen.
With increasing globalization, the importance of logistics services within companies is also growing. In the automotive industry, logistics is equally important with the aim of achieving optimum logistics performance in terms of vehicle transports. To optimize logistics performance in vehicle logistics, there must be a balance or trade-off between logistics service and logistics costs. Even though vehicle transportation has a significant role in enterprise logistics, there has been little research in this area. This thesis aims to close this research gap by comparing three transport concepts with the actual situation in the test and technology center of Mercedes Benz AG in Immendingen. Four expert interviews were conducted at Mercedes Benz AG, in which the individual concepts were compared with the actual status in terms of logistics performance and evaluated. The extent to which the concepts are applicable to the site in Immendingen was evaluated. In addition, opportunities and risks of the concepts and the current status were identified. It was determined that there is no single correct concept, but that a mixture of concepts is most effective.
New product development is essential for a company to grow and sustain itself. Usability testing is a crucial part of the new product development process, and it helps reduce product uncertainty and market failure. There are many methods available and they vary depending on the product development phase. This thesis focuses on methods used in the deployment phase, which is the final stage before mass production. The methods used differ subjecting to different customers.
A number of studies have suggested that marketing and sales should vary when the nature of customer differs. However, only a few studies focus on how the nature of customer influences new product testing. This research compares the involvement of B2B and B2C customers during the product innovation testing phase.
The comparison has been subcategorised into four smaller hypotheses. First, the methodologies used, such as virtual prototype testing, field testing, lab usability testing, and more, are discussed whether companies use them differently according to customers' nature. Second, the process of identifying and recruiting testers is examined. Third, testers' qualification is analysed, whether participants are ordinary users or professionals or companies prefer a mixture of both. Last, the sample size, which is simply the amount of testers who participated in the usability test.
The currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting recession in the economy offers opportunities for start-ups and times of hardship are a driver for entrepreneurship. Although the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is high, and financing becomes increasingly difficult, many start-ups managed to report a strong fiscal year through innovative processes, especially in the finance and insurance, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and education sector. To combat the crisis, governments across the EU implemented state aid schemes to support businesses, which however, SMEs often do not receive. The coronavirus pandemic potentially sparks a rethinking process and with an increasing share of start-ups in the economies across the EU, the recognition and funding opportunities will improve, with InvestEU being a step into the right direction.
The topic of traditional fashion retailers fighting for their position against growing e-commerce suppliers has been omnipresent in recent years. Therefore, it is important to understand what possibilities modern technology and innovation has to offer, and how these innovative technologies can be leveraged to achieve traditional brick-and-mortar-retailer’s goal of staying relevant and competitive.
The objective of this thesis is to examine and compare the effectiveness of different in-store digitalization concepts and technologies in retail organisations, analyzing different challenges such as the practical implementation in stores, customer adoption and acceptance factors in context of socio-demographic, and measuring the success of the concepts. Also, the current situation will be explored to see what is already being done today and where there is more potential using different approaches and technologies. For this purpose, a variety of studies, papers and other literature will be analyzed and put into context with the research topic.
Concluding the thesis, we find that all technologies and its practical applications affect relevant variables in different models such as TAM, the convenience/social presence model, and the customer decision-making process. Besides that, the socio-demographic variables geography, age and gender all influence adoption and readiness towards technology to a certain extent. Finally, we give examples on how the technologies can influence classic fashion retail KPIs.
Die bisherige Forschung zu nachhaltigen und sozial verantwortlichen Investitionen konnte finanzielle, nichtfinanzielle und soziale Einflussfaktoren für die Investitionsentscheidung nachweisen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Identifikation der wichtigsten Motiven und Barrieren, die junge Menschen in Deutschland beim Investieren wahrnehmen. Dafür wurde eine Umfrage mit 354 Teilnehmern, die zwischen 18 und 25 Jahre alt waren, durchgeführt. Es wurden Daten zu neun Motiven und elf Barrieren erhoben. Entgegen der Annahme, dass nichtfinanzielle Motive überwiegen, zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass junge Menschen vor allem an einen Trend von nachhaltigen und sozial verantwortlichen Geldanlagen glauben und davon profitieren möchten. Junge Menschen sind demnach vom Wachstum des Marktes überzeugt. Als wichtigste Barriere wurde Informationsdefizite der Anleger angenommen. Die Erkenntnisse aus der Studie zeigen jedoch, dass für junge Menschen die Intransparenz der Anlagen die relevanteste Barriere darstellt. Unternehmen, Anbieter und regulierende Marktteilnehmer sollten, um das Wachstum des Marktes zu fördern, Maßnahmen einleiten, die diese Barriere abbaut.
Beim Kauf eines Produktes achten Kunden heutzutage nicht mehr ausschließlich auf den Preis. Durch das Internet lassen sich alle Aspekte von Kaufpreis über Produktfeatures einfach und unkompliziert vergleichen. Vor allem in Krisenzeiten gewinnen Aspekte aus dem Servicebereich, wie Garantie, immer mehr an Bedeutung. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, für die KaVo Dental GmbH eine Strategie im Servicebereich mit Fokus auf die Garantiebestimmungen in der Business Unit Instrumente zu entwickeln, mit der die auftretenden Probleme minimiert werden können. Dazu wird der Dentalmarkt und der Wettbewerb analysiert und anhand eines definierten Produktportfolios die Probleme und Herausforderungen erarbeitet. Daraus resultieren zu kurze Garantiezeiten und hoher Druck der Konkurrenz. Mithilfe einer Unternehmen- und Complaintanalyse wird die interne Situation des Unternehmens betrachtet. In dieser Arbeit werden Ansätze erarbeitet, wie diesen Herausforderungen entgegengewirkt werden kann, Diese Ansätze werden mit einer Entscheidungsmatrix miteinander verglichen und bewertet. Aus dieser Bewertung lässt sich die Handlungsempfehlung für das Unternehmen ableiten. Mit der Umsetzung dieser definierten Empfehlung kann das Unternehmen und die Marke KaVo am Markt mit Innovation und „Service Excellence“ profitieren.
Global warming and its impacts on the environment, the human being and the economy are one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. With the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration being the main driver of global warming, the necessity arises to address the issue of carbon dioxide emissions. Next to the avoidance, the reduction and the compensation of emissions, negative emissions are moving into the focus of decision-makers in politics and in the economy. These can be created using either nature-based methods or negative emission technologies. The paper “Methods for generating negative emissions: Are negative emission technologies a climatically and economically viable alternative to nature-based methods?” aims to answer the research questions whether negative emission technologies are a more effective instrument to create negative emissions than nature-based methods and, under which circumstances an investment in these technologies is reasonable for a company.
The method used to answer the questions is a literature research to perform a comparison of two examples. The afforestation project Bonn Challenge serves as example for a nature-based method to create negative emissions while the Direct-Air-Capture plant “Orca” by the company climeworks AG is used as an example for a negative emission technology. A benefit analysis is conducted to assess the effect on carbon dioxide concentration and a net present value calculation is carried out to enable an investment decision under different scenarios.
The paper finds that Direct Air Capture is a more effective way to reduce the atmospheric carbon dioxide than the afforestation. The crucial advantage of the technology is the permanent storage of the removed carbon dioxide and the immediate carbon dioxide effect. Furthermore, the results of the net present value calculation imply that in the short-term an investment in negative emissions is not economical. In the long run, rising prices for emission certificates and the possibility to sell removed and stored carbon dioxide or to offer carbon dioxide removal as a service can make an investment in negative emission technologies like Direct Air Capture reasonable. A condition for that is that the cost of carbon dioxide removal with Direct Air Capture is reduced to 100 $/tCO2 between 2026 and 2031 depending on the applied interest rate.
Based on the found results, the paper suggests that from a climate protection perspective, negative emission technologies should not be seen as alternatives to nature-based methods but that different approaches to create negative emissions must be combined to meet climate targets. The paper also proposes that prices for emission certificates in the EU-ETS should be increased as soon as possible in order to promote an investment in negative emission technologies. Also, further research using more detailed data and covering more aspects is recommended.
Do Meat-Eating Consumers Use Organic Meat to Rationalize the Consumption of Conventional Meat?
(2021)
This thesis explores how meat-eating consumers may be able to rationalize the consumption of conventional meat by believing to substitute a certain amount of it for organic meat. The underlying rationale is that the positive associations elicited by the organic label and the favorable beliefs consumers have formed about organic meat enable them to use it as a moral license. Building on cognitive dissonance theory, this work specifically investigated whether (1) meat-eaters perceive organic meat better than vegetarians and (2) meat-eaters overestimate how much organic meat they consume. German meat-eating and vegetarian participants were recruited for a study (n=156) to answer these questions. The results show, first, that organic was generally rated as better than conventional meat on all dimensions surveyed, and to a greater extent by meat-eating than by vegetarian respondents. Second, meat-eating participants on average reported estimates of organic meat consumption that were significantly higher than the population mean, indicating that consumers may not eat as much organic meat as they believe. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that organic meat might be used to rationalize unsustainable food choices.
The paper deals with the German Supply Chain Act ("Lieferkettengesetz") and the impact it will have on the retail sector - in particular the textile industry. To illustrate this development, the historical predecessors are first discussed, which are decisive for the further development of national plans and legislation. Other national legislations are also discussed, which have the same goal of a sustainable, decent working situation and the protection of the environment.
Since the German law was passed only a few months ago, statements on its effectiveness as well as on possible problems associated with it can only be made with extreme caution, but a comparison is nevertheless possible to a certain extent and the voluntary commitments that existed previously are also included in further consideration.
It can be seen that the Supply Chain Act is not without criticism, and in this context, numerous problems are attested, as is already the case with the international equivalents, which have already been in existence for a few years.
The paper examines these connections and concludes that the Supply Chain Act is an important decision in the right direction to ensure humane conditions along the entire supply chain and to consistently prosecute human rights violations. However, this will require an enormous effort by companies at the current time. Nonetheless, these efforts must be made and it seems that this is also where future competitive advantages can be gained.
It remains to be seen what resistance the Supply Chain Act will still have to face before it is seen as an established standard for German companies and is implemented consistently.
Many of the traditional alternative food networks are facing logistical challenges that impede them from increasing their scale and emerging from the market niche they currently operate in. Food hubs, as innovative business models, may be able to overcome these challenges and bridge the infrastructural gap between small and medium-sized local farmers and large-scale demand for local food products. Although the food hub concept has enjoyed only relatively little popularity in Europe, this might change with the European Commission’s plan for a more sustainable food system – the Farm to Fork strategy. This thesis aims to analyze the potential impact that this initiative as an external market force may have on the future of food hubs, so that it can be considered in their strategic decisions today. Nonquantitative scenario planning was used to develop four plausible future states, each characterized by a different level of success of the Farm to Fork strategy. The results indicate that it provides significant development opportunities for food hubs. Especially the regulations in institutional food procurement, the internalization of the true costs and changing perceptions of the value of food are potentially beneficial. However, this requires food hubs to pay close attention to the upcoming legal regulations when making portfolio decisions. A product offer that is based on environmental and social sustainability and healthiness in addition to local origin should put them in a favorable position to benefit off of these impending changes. At the same time, food hubs need to maintain their flexibility and respond adequately to consumer preferences in order to deal with the challenge of increasing competition with conventional retailers.
Recent years have shown a shift in consumer demand in favor of environmentally and consumer-friendly products. These dynamics can be observed in the market through the rapid growth of the natural cosmetics segment. To highlight the ecological products, producers increasingly use ecolabels. The objective is to facilitate vertical product differentiation and to attract the environmentally aware consumer. This research aims at analyzing whether the natural cosmetics user is aware of the implications of the different ecolabels and whether the knowledge depends on demographical factors. The overall result indicates that the consumer possesses a superficial knowledge about ecolabels, which is not correlated to the purchasing behavior or demographic factors. The profusion of ecolabels hinders consumers from taking advantage of the information provided by the ecolabels. In the future, efforts should be made to improve the knowledge of the consumer, which will boost purchasing behavior.
Sustainability, encompassing the economy, the environment, and society in equal parts, is an increasingly prominent topic that is gaining in importance and awareness due to the climate crisis and the resulting urgent need for action. It is essential to simultaneously focus on the global and on the local scale in order to create a paradigm shift. This study addresses the attitude-behavior gap of employees in the daily operations within companies and evaluates how nudges can be implemented to narrow this gap. A literature review was conducted to understand the separate topics of sustainability, the attitude-behavior gap, and nudging. Based on these three topics and their interrelation, exemplary nudges on habits and on infrastructure to be applied in a company and modified to its needs are developed. The method of implementation of nudges cannot be generalized because (1) attitudes and behavior and their interrelation are individual and influenceable factors and (2) the corporate context and how nudges are communicated impact the effectiveness of the interventions. Investing in internal sustainability practices in combination with indispensable external practices leads companies to a holistic, authentic, and successful approach towards becoming a sustainable business.
Keywords: Attitude-Behavior Gap, Nudging, Corporate sustainability
Die Fast-Fashion-Industrie ist Vorwürfen der mangelhaften Umsetzung von Nachhaltigkeitsstandards ausgesetzt. Die einzelnen externen Stakeholder fordern deshalb, nachhaltige Unternehmensstrategien konsequenter umzusetzen. Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist es, die Fortschritte innerhalb der nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Textilwirtschaft zu durchleuchten sowie den Istzustand anhand zweier repräsentativer Unternehmen festzustellen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den sozialen und ökologischen Aspekten des Sustainable Supply Chain Managements. Eine Betrachtung der aktuellen Entwicklungsfortschritte in der nachhaltigen Baumwollgewinnung, der umweltfreundlichen Verpackungsherstellung sowie der Reversen Logistik bildet dabei den Schwerpunkt der Analyse, da diese Faktoren bisher nur unzureichend in der Literatur untersucht wurden.
Anhand der beiden Firmen H&M Group und Inditex wird aufgezeigt, inwieweit diese nachhaltigen Praktiken in den beiden Großkonzernen bereits aktiv gelebt werden. Die abschließende Betrachtung zeigt auf, dass insbesondere in der ökologischen Dimension der Textilwirtschaft erste Fortschritte vorhanden sind. Im Hinblick auf geplante gesetzliche Lieferkettenbestimmungen ist es künftig entscheidend, auf die praktische Umsetzung der sozialen Dimension einzugehen, um über die Gesetzgeberseite positive Impulse auszulösen.
This thesis deals with the CO2 footprint of the Porsche Taycan. Porsche aims to become a carbon neutral company by 2030 and is therefore looking for potentials of improvement. This thesis intends to find solutions to reduce the carbon footprint of the Porsche Taycan over its entire life cycle.
First, the thesis deals with the theoretical framework of conducting a Life Cycle Assessment based on the DIN EN ISO 14040 and DIN EN ISO 14044 standards. Then, the Porsche Taycan and its battery system are introduced.
A CO2 hotspot analysis is carried out for the entire life cycle of the battery of the Porsche Taycan Turbo S and thus potential for improvement is identified. The main CO2 hotspots are… [DELTED FOR CONFIDENTIALITY REASONS].
Furthermore, an Excel tool is built to model the entire life cycle of the Taycan. This tool is used to carry out a sensitivity analysis for selected parameters. The analysis shows how sensitive the carbon footprint reacts to changes and thus helps making decisions upon where improvements can be made.
Based on the two analyses it is, among other things, recommended that Porsche… [DELTED FOR CONFIDENTIALITY REASONS].
In Anbetracht der anthropogen verursachten Veränderung des Klimas seit Beginn der Industrialisierung werden Unternehmen zur Verantwortung gerufen. Das Treibhausgas Kohlenstoffdioxid und seine Erfassung dienen Firmen als Werkzeug, ihre umweltschädigenden Praktiken zu messen und Reduktionsmaßnahmen durchzuführen. Dies ist besonders für energieintensive Sektoren, wie der deutschen Automobilindustrie, von Bedeutung. Viele Unternehmen konzentrieren sich auf Reduktionen des CO2-Ausstoßes innerhalb der eigenen Produktion, jedoch werden diese innerhalb der Lieferkette Experten zufolge nicht genügend ausgeschöpft. In diesem Zusammenhang wird in dieser Bachelorarbeit der Status Quo bei Automobilherstellern und Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der CO2 Ausstöße entlang der Lieferkette betrachtet.
Zunächst wird der Nachhaltigkeitsbegriff und seine politischen Rahmenbedingungen vorgestellt, um die Komplexität und die Multilateralität des Begriffs festzulegen. Anschließend wird die deutsche Automobilindustrie, ihr CO2-Fußabdruck und Möglichkeiten, ihn zu reduzieren, näher betrachtet. Als Fazit kann festgehalten werden, dass zahlreiche Maßnahmen zur Messung und Reduktion der Emissionen existieren, es jedoch der Branche, Experten zufolge, noch einer gewissen Einheitlichkeit bezüglich der Berechnungs- und Erfassungsmethoden bedarf.
Außerdem müssen Potenziale zu CO2-Reduktionen innerhalb der Lieferkette noch weiter ausgeschöpft werden. Bedeutende Hindernisse sind jedoch die massiven Investitionen, die Zulieferer zur Einhaltung von CO2-Grenzwerten tätigen müssen.
Ferner stellt das praktische Fallbeispiel Maßnahmen und Ambitionen des Automobilherstellers Daimler vor und vergleicht diese mit dem Konkurrenten BMW. Die Maßnahmen der beiden Hersteller zeigen Gemeinsamkeiten auf, jedoch unterscheiden sich die Strategien hauptsächlich in den unmittelbaren Hauptschwerpunkten und den Planungshorizonten. Außerdem kritisieren Experten besonders die widersprüchlichen Ziele und ihre Auswirkungen, wie beispielsweise der stets wachsende Materialverbrauch.
In der Gesamtbetrachtung lässt sich folgendes Fazit ziehen: Unternehmen sind sich ihrer Verantwortung bewusst, der Erfolg der Maßnahmen wird sich jedoch erst in Zukunft zeigen. In Anbetracht potenziell strenger werdender Richtlinien und weiter fortschreitenden Megatrends befindet sich die Zukunft der automobilen Lieferkette in einem spannenden Umbruch.
There is a growing trend for multinational enterprises to send their expatriate employees on international assignments to achieve corporate development, human resource goals and to gain a competitive advantage in the global context. Therefore, the performance and productivity of international assignees play a major role for them and the organization. However, expatriate research has so far rarely taken into account the factors that do not directly relate to expatriate performance. Instead, research has focused on expatriate success and failure. However, the literature shows that neither can yet be clearly defined. Therefore, this study instead focuses on expatriate performance and productivity by placing special emphasis on literature gaps. Hence, in this study the importance of several factors is tested, namely: 1) overall international experience, 2) informal social networks, and 3) expatriate family. As this research aims to develop practical approaches to managing critical circumstances when relocating overseas, a link between theory and previous study findings has been established. To provide a point of departure for Global People Transitions GmbH, a special focus has been placed on organizational support and intercultural training. The data have been collected through guided expert interviews with six participants, three of them expatriates, two expatriate spouses, and one repatriate. The study results have found that the tested factors have an impact on expatriate adjustment and, consequently, on expatriate performance and productivity. In addition, several aspects to improve expatriate performance and productivity have been identified, such as providing organizational support or creating structures and routines. Lastly, it has become clear that research on international assignments is very elusive due to several underlying factors that influence the matter.
In this bachelor thesis, the basis as well as the methodology of a life cycle assessment are explained. In particular, the focus is on the approach to create a carbon footprint, which can be seen as part of a life cycle assessment. The aim of this thesis is the creation of a product-related carbon footprint for a product of the Marquardt Group in accordance with the DIN EN ISO 14067 standard. For the determination of the product-related carbon footprint, the relevant processes are identified and the necessary data are collected through interviews with individual employees, supplier request and calculation. As a result, a partial product carbon footprint can be calculated. In order to close the gaps identified in this work, it is recommended to improve data availability and to build up the required knowledge within the company. Consequently, Marquardt will then be able to determine a complete product-related carbon footprint in the future.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, den Markt für Fleischersatzprodukte in Deutschland und Spanien darzustellen und Empfehlungen für neue Wettbewerber auf dem deutschen und spanischen Markt und die Regierungen auszuarbeiten. Hauptgrund dafür sind die weitreichenden Auswirkungen auf Umwelt und den Klimawandel durch den Fleischkonsum. Dafür wird die Porters 5 Forces Analyse auf Deutschland und Spanien angewandt und generelle Kundenwünsche und mögliche Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten durch die Regierungen recherchiert. Die Analysemethode wurde gewählt, da diese einen besonders guten Überblick über die Marktsituation bietet.
Annahmen haben sich während der Recherche hauptsächlich bestätigt. Wie erwartet ist der deutsche Markt weit entwickelt, während der spanische Markt noch viele Chancen und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten bietet. Sowohl bei der deutschen als auch der spanischen Regierung gibt es noch viel Luft nach oben, da aktuelle Unterstützungen kaum existieren.
Der erste Teil behandelt den theoretischen Hintergrund dieser Arbeit. Er befasst sich mit relevanten Definitionen und geht auf die für Teil zwei relevante Analysemethode Porters 5 Forces ein. Auch wird auf die Umweltauswirkungen der beliebtesten Fleischsorten eingegangen und diese mit den Umweltauswirkungen von pflanzlichen Produkten verglichen.
Im zweiten Teil wird die Porters 5 Forces Analyse auf Deutschland und Spanien angewandt und grafisch dargestellt. Auch werden generelle Kundenwünsche aufgeführt.
Im dritten Teil werden dann Empfehlungen für Wettbewerber auf dem deutschen und spanischen Markt ausgesprochen und mögliche Strategien evaluiert. Ebenfalls werden Empfehlungen für die deutsche und spanische Regierung aufgestellt.
The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of potential change in consumer behaviour on the carbon footprint in the beverage industry.
This research comprises two fundamental components. The first component establishes a scientific basis through an in-depth literature review by referring to the main concepts. The second component comprises a research study based on the hypothesis of whether consumers who engage in climate-neutral behaviours also demonstrate conscious beverage consumption. The findings of the literature review illustrate that the beverage industry contributes to high levels of emissions and global plastic pollution. Not only does this endanger marine and terrestrial ecosystems, but also humans. For example, through microplastics that enter organisms and contribute to illnesses. The results imply that the impact of human activities will influence environmental development. The nature of consumer behaviour is considered to be the key to society's impact on the environment. Findings obtained through the research study emphasise that environmental awareness exists among the respondents. Furthermore, it is indicated that a statistical relationship exists between climate neutral consumption patterns and conscious beverage consumption. By fundamentally changing the way beverages are consumed, emissions can be mitigated and consequently the goal of achieving climate neutrality in the beverage industry can be achieved. This furthermore contributes to the achievement of global climate neutrality and supports sustainable development.
Over many decades, greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity have been increasing and negatively impacting the environment and promoting climate change. One sector that contributes heavily to these emissions is the food industry.
With the aim of reducing these environmental impacts, climate labeling has been introduced as one possible approach to target emissions related to consumer purchasing behavior. This thesis investigates consumer responses to the possible introduction of climate labeling of food products. Moreover, necessary criteria for such an implementation and the potential consequences in terms of increasing sustainability in the food industry are evaluated.
Findings indicate that a label can be effective and change consumer behavior if food labels meet specific label criteria such as an attractive design and little but comprehensible information. Moreover, other factors such as pricing of products can influence the success of food labels.
Regarding the overall food industry, a label could have positive effects but is dependent on changes on both consumer and producer sides following the label introduction. However, it is difficult to exactly evaluate the impact of a label on an entire industry, as green-house gas reductions caused by a label would be hard to measure specifically. Due to the lack of data, it is impossible to predict the actual impact of a climate label on the food industry, but it is possible to assume a positive tendency towards more sustainability.
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to answer the question of what a new world currency system based on a cryptocurrency could look like. For this purpose, the following research questions were posed:
1. What could be the design of an international digital currency?
2. How would a revived gold standard using an international digital currency be designed?
3. How would a revived Bretton Woods System using the Special Drawing Rights from the International Monetary Fund fixed to an international digital currency look like?
To answer these research questions, a comparison was made with the world currency systems that already existed. Here, the problems of the gold standard and Bretton Woods system were deductively crystallised through a literature review and then inductively applied to the possible system.
The study shows that this system is economically feasible and can solve most of the problems of the past world monetary systems. However, as it requires governments and central banks to cede their sovereignty it is unlikely to be actually adopted. Nevertheless, there are advantages of a digital currency issued by the central bank, such as the detachment from interest and money supply, which would also be politically feasible and sensible in the long term.
Die vorliegende Bachelor-Thesis beschäftigt sich mit der Täuschung auf maschinellem Lernen basierender Schadsoftwareerkennung unter realitätsnahen Bedingungen.
Neben der detaillierten Betrachtung des Forschungsgegenstandes werden hierfür, die vom aktuellen Forschungsstand hervorgebrachten Angriffe, hinsichtlich des Effektivitätskriteriums der Über- tragbarkeit auf zum Angriffszeitpunkt unbekannte Modelle, evaluiert und ein speziell für diese Bedingungen konzipierter, iterativer Ensemble-Ansatz zur Generierung von übertragbaren Adversarial Examples vorgestellt.
Die aus den Untersuchungen stammenden Ergebnissen zeigen, dass die Leistung herkömmlicher Verfahren, unter wirklichkeitsnahen Bedingungen oder im Einsatz gegen kommerzielle Produkte, stark abnimmt. Weitere Erkenntnisse der Forschung umfassen den Ausschluss eines linearen Zusammenhanges zwischen verfügbarem Wissen und Evasionserfolg, die Steigerung der Übertragbarkeit durch Zunahme der Ensemblegröße sowie die Einsatzfähigkeit der entwickelten Methodik gegen kommerzielle Antivirus Produkte.
Die Inhalte der vorliegenden Thesis verfolgen dabei einen rein edukatorischen Ansatz, der durch das Aufdecken von sicherheitsrelevanten Schwachstellen als Handlungsimpuls für Betreiber kommerzieller Antivirus-Lösungen dienen und nicht zum Begehen von Straftaten animieren soll.
Der Frauenanteil in den Führungsetagen der deutschen Wirtschaft stagniert seit Jahren auf einem niedrigen Niveau und spiegelt nicht im Entferntesten den Anteil weiblicher Beschäftigter wider (vgl. Tonn 2016, S. 11). Vor allem im Top-Management sind Frauen deutlich unterrepräsentiert. Die Grundannahme dieser Bachelorarbeit besteht darin, dass Frauen grundsätzlich motiviert sind, Führung zu übernehmen und die gleichen Potentiale wie Männer besitzen. Um eine Führungsposition einzunehmen, müssen die Rahmenbedingungen passen. Aufgrund biologischer Unterschiede und der Sozialisation präferieren Frauen andere Rahmenbedingungen als Männer. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Frage untersucht, was sich aus Sicht der Frauen verändern müsste, damit sie ihr Potential entfalten können. Dazu wurden 50 weibliche Probandinnen aus unterschiedlichen Branchen befragt. Die systematische Betrachtung der Aussagen ergab im Wesentlichen folgende sieben Aspekte: Gestaltungsfreiheit, Unterstützung zu Beginn und in der Führungsposition, Vertrauen, eine gute Feedback- und Fehlerkultur, die Vereinbarkeit mit dem Privatleben, Menschlichkeit im Fokus und attraktive Anreize. Des Weiteren konnten durch die Ergebnisse Handlungsoptionen abgeleitet werden, um strukturelle und kulturelle Rahmenbedingungen zu gestalten, die talentierten und motivierten Frauen einen einfacheren Zugang zu mehr Führungsverantwortung verschaffen.
Gender Marketing für Kinder - Wie Gender Marketing zum Erhalt veralteter Geschlechternormen beiträgt
(2021)
Die vorliegende Bachelorthesis erörtert wie gängige Gender Marketing Methoden bei Kindern zum Erhalt veralteter Gendernormen und Rollen beitragen. Weiterführend soll gezeigt werden, dass Gender Marketing nicht nur ein Resultat der Gesellschaftsordnung ist, sondern diese durchaus auch beeinflusst. Studien zeigen, dass Stereotypen im Gender Marketing Kinder vermehrt beeinflussen, da ihnen das Wissen und die Reife fehlt um diese zu erkennen. Kinder beginnen schon früh mit der Entwicklung ihrer Persönlichkeit, dabei orientieren sie sich an den Vorbildern ihres Umfelds. Um diese Frage zu beantworten werden in der folgenden Arbeit wissenschaftliche Artikel, Bücher und Studien analysiert.
Die Arbeit ist in vier grundlegende Bereiche aufgeteilt. Diese Bereiche sind die Hinführung zum Thema und der Forschungsfrage, eine Einführung in die Grundlagen der Marktsegmentierung sowie in die Entwicklung moderner Genderkonzepte. Es folgen der Hauptteil und im Anschluss eine abschließende Diskussion verschiedener Kritikpunkte.
Der Hauptteil erörtert anhand der angegeben Literatur, wie Firmen und Marketingexperten Gendermarketing nutzen um ihre Zielgruppen anzusprechen. Des Weiteren wird in diesem Abschnitt gezeigt, dass Gendermarketing Kindern hauptsächlich beibringt wie die Rolle des Mannes und der Frau im Beruf-, Sozial-, und Privatleben aussieht.