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Unter dem Motto „Technologie bewegt Pflege“ werden Beiträge aus Wissenschaft, Praxis und Industrie präsentiert. In einem abwechslungsreichen Programm werden aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln die unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkte im Themenfeld Pflege und Technik diskutiert. Die Beiträge auf der 5. Clusterkonferenz, ausgerichtet vom Pflegepraxiszentrum Freiburg, sind im vorliegenden Abstractband ausgeführt.
This thesis paper aimed to compare the marketing of wine in Germany and France. Though Germany and France are neighboring European countries, they are culturally, politically, socially, economically, geographically, and technologically different. These differences, directly and indirectly, affect the way both countries do business.
Three research questions helped to compare wine marketing in Germany and France. These questions are the following:
Factors that go into the wine production as well as certain indicators or characteristics inform the potential customers about the quality of the wine they have in their glasses. That is why the first question in this thesis focused on how the quality of wine is defined in Germany and France.
Wine Associations at different layers: regional, national, European, and international play an important role in wine promotion. So, the second re-search question was to investigate the contribution of these different wine co-operatives in wine marketing.
To market their wine, many countries put in place different marketing strategies to increase their wine image and customer base. That is why the Last part of this paper was to compare the different marketing strategies used in the wine sector in Germany and France.
This thesis ended up with a conclusion.
Despite the unabated growth of algorithmic decision-making in organizations, there is a growing consensus that numerous situations will continue to require humans in the loop. However, the blending of a formal machine and bounded human rationality also amplifies the risk of what is known as local rationality. Therefore, it is crucial, especially in a data-abundant environment that characterizes algorithmic decision-making, to devise means to assess performance holistically. In this paper, we propose a simulation-based model to address the current lack of research on quantifying algorithmic interventions in a broader organizational context. Our approach allows the combining of causal modeling and data science algorithms to represent decision settings involving a mix of machine and human rationality to measure performance. As a testbed, we consider the case of a fictitious company trying to improve its forecasting process with the help of a machine learning approach. The example demonstrates that a myopic assessment obscures problems that only a broader framing reveals. It highlights the value of a systems view since the effects of the interplay between human and algorithmic decisions can be largely unintuitive. Such a simulation-based approach can be an effective tool in efforts to delineate roles for humans and algorithms in hybrid contexts.
Global collaborations are becoming increasingly relevant in product projects. Therefore it is necessary to understand the different project management approaches on how global projects are carried out and what the differences are.
This bachelor thesis is a review of two project management manuals, which were designed by the company itself, on how project management at an internationally operating commercial vehicle manufacturer works with the focus being on time and risk management.
The aim of this thesis is to give recommended actions which improve the project steering, collaboration and the general approach in regards of time and risk management.
To achieve this goal a review of both project management manuals as well as expert interviews were carried out. Qualitative expert interviews were conducted with German- and English-speaking colleagues from different plant locations all around the world. Specifically, 12 questions included background knowledge and project work knowledge and were related to the two manuals, with the focus being on time and risk. The interviewees were required to be actively involved in at least one project and therefore have project work experience and thus are using one of the own project management manuals.
The answers of the interviews, as well as the current manuals contribute to the findings and based on the findings, it is recommended to create an example project for training purposes, to create a list of projects in order to divide the work, to use sprints or detailed planning, to focus on five top risks, to create a social intranet page dedicated to project management and to create a clear meeting plan in advance.
A simulation-based approach for measuring the performance of human-AI collaborative decisions
(2022)
Despite the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning for decision-making in organizations, a wealth of research shows that situations that involve open-ended decisions (novel contexts without predefined rules) will continue to require humans in the loop. However, such collaboration that blends formal machine and bounded human rationality also amplify the risk of what is known as local rationality, which is when rational decisions in a local setting lead to globally dysfunctional behavior. Therefore, it becomes crucial, especially in a data-abundant environment that characterizes algorithmic decision-making, to devise means to assess performance holistically, not just for decision fragments. There is currently a lack of quantitative models that address this issue.
Aktionsplan Mikroplastik
(2022)
Algorithmic Music Generation
(2022)
An average investor trying to allocate his wealth among multiple assets ideally has nearly infinite possibilities to do so. However, asset allocation strategies try to facilitate this process. Nevertheless, no consensus exists on which strategy is ideal and yields the best performance. Therefore, this paper aims to determine an ideal asset allocation strategy for an average investor by comparing two asset allocation strategies.
The focus is on comparing the practical application of Markowitz’s Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), a sophisticated asset allocation strategy, with an equally weighted asset allocation, namely the 1/N strategy. The past performance of these two strategies is compared with the help of a calculation example based on historical data. The quantitative analysis covers three time periods of different lengths between 1991 and 2022. Also, the strategies are applied to portfolios with different amounts of assets during these periods. Although the existing literature is very controversial concerning the performance of the two strategies, this research shows a clear result. Compared to the 1/N strategy, this study’s findings show an outperformance of the MPT strategy during every period and each portfolio combination. However, the difference in performance regarding return and risk is minimal in most scenarios and would not significantly affect an average investor who invests over a long-term horizon.
The present thesis performs an actuarial work that intends to understand the premiums, expenses, and claims, including the reserves considered the most important technical variables in an insurance company. The company is located in Colombia and the work will be performed in 2 branches: Compliance and Liability.
The objective of the thesis has been set as to define and measure a claim ratio after remarking a lack of an indicator that describes the 3 most important technical variables altogether in the company. It has also defined to assess the current methodology that calculates the reserves for the claims occurred but currently unknown by the insurance company under the premise that there is a very low level of observed claims in the history of the company in both branches.
All the methodologies defined, assessed, and performed in this thesis have been compared to other methodologies implemented in journals, research papers and articles to align the conclusions and take the best practices from actuarial works previously done. They all also considered to keep homogeneous results that was considered as a very important achievement even by other sources.
A new methodology has been defined to calculate expenses related to administration, the ones used in the reserves and the ones related to claims. The new expenses level was used in 2021 and an impact of a tremendous increase in premiums was observed the same year as a reaction of the decrease in policy prices.
The conclusions derived from the work was to continue with the current methodology to calculate the incurred but not reported claims reserve according to the instability seen in the Chain-Ladder methodology until more homogeneous result could be seen that yield to a higher level of credibility.
Finally, among many possible claim ratios defined, a paid claim ratio has been considered. It includes the whole variables inside the premiums of the company and the most important variables inside the claims that were the claims paid and the proportional and non-proportional reinsurance effect.
Evolutionary strategy is increasingly used for optimization in various machine learning problems. It can scale very well, even to high dimensional problems, and its ability to globally self optimize in flexible ways provides new and exciting opportunities when combined with more recent machine learning methods. This paper describes a novel approach for the optimization of models with a data driven evolutionary strategy. The optimization can directly be applied as a preprocessing step and is therefore independent of the machine learning algorithm used. The experimental analysis of six different use cases show that, on average, better results are attained than without evolutionary strategy. Furthermore it is shown, that the best individual models are also achieved with the help of evolutionary strategy. The six different use cases were of different complexity which reinforces the idea that the approach is universal and not depending on specific use cases.
Die Verfolgung einer klaren Transferstrategie kann laut mehreren Studien den sportlichen und wirtschaftlichen Output eines Fußballklubs erhöhen. In dieser Arbeit sollen die relevanten Faktoren für die Entwicklung und Verfolgung solcher Transferstrategien herausgearbeitet werden. Hierfür wird das Thema durch den Literaturteil in den Gesamtkontext des Profifußballbereichs eingebettet, wobei verschiedene Aspekte wie zum Beispiel die Kommerzialisierung des Fußballs oder der Ablauf des Transferprozesses betrachtet werden. Danach werden im empirischen Teil die Durchführung und Ergebnisse von neun Interviews mit Experten aus dem Bereich der Kaderplanung dargestellt. Die Interpretation und Diskussion der Ergebnisse sowie der Vergleich mit der Literatur zeigen, dass Alter, Entwicklungsstand und Kosten eines Spielers für strategische Transferentscheidungen relevant sind. Entscheidend ist außerdem die Ausrichtung der Strategie nach den Zielsetzungen und Rahmenbedingungen des Vereins. Zu beachten ist schließlich, dass eine klare Definition der Strategie zwar sinnvoll ist, eine flexible Anpassung an externe und interne Veränderung dabei aber gewährleistet bleiben muss.
Analysing attention convolutional neural network for surgical tool localisation: a feasibility study
(2022)
This paper analyses five different Cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, Dogecoin and Litecoin, and studies their impact on traditional financial portfolios under different allocation strategies. The allocation strategies under consideration in this paper are the modern portfolio theory according to Markowitz, an extension of it such as the tangency portfolio, and the equally weighted portfolio. Further, this study explores the effect on the efficient frontier when Cryptocurrencies are added to the efficient portfolios. In addition to that, the paper aims to examine whether the mean – variance portfolio optimization according to Markowitz outperforms the naïve and tangency portfolio strategy. The portfolio performance is evaluated based on the Sharpe ratio. The quantitative analysis of this paper covers the time period from 2017 to 2022, in total five years. In accordance with the existing literature on portfolio optimization with Cryptocurrencies, the study reveals that besides some issues related with Cryptocurrencies such as cybercrime and a lack of regulations, Cryptocurrencies can be beneficial for portfolio diversification with traditional financial assets. Referring to the portfolio strategies, the study highlights that the optimal mean – variance portfolio and tangency portfolio do not differ significantly in terms of Sharpe ratio. However, both strategies outperform equally weighted portfolios.
The following study examines the influence selected variables have on the price of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin by utilizing a multiple linear regression model. Data of 267 observations for each variable during a five-year period from 13 August 2016 to 1 October 2021 are analyzed. The results present empirical evidence on the relationship of Bitcoin and external determinants such as traditional financial assets, in particular the stock market, the bond market, domestic currencies, the real estate market, gold, and the popularity of Bitcoin, represented by a Google Trends analysis. The findings imply that only the stock market and the real estate market proxies significantly influence the price of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin.
The paper tests the German stock market for excess volatility and stock price overvaluation with regard to the simple efficient markets model and the cyclically adjusted price-earnings ratio. Long-term historical stock market data of 49 years are used to calculate the detrended real price and ex-post value and data of 39 years to compute the cyclically adjusted price-earnings ratio, both from the sample of two German automotive stocks. The empirical evidence provided by the analysis points to excess market volatility and confirms the theory of overvalued stocks, which is linked to the bubble theory. This indicates that price fluctuations cannot be justified only by changes in fundamental values as claimed by the Efficient Market Hypothesis. The German stock market therefore shows inefficiency.
The insurance industry in Germany has been dominated by a commission-based sales model for over seventy years. Intermediaries sell insurance contracts to end customers and are paid a commission depending on the value and type of insurance. This commission-based approach incentivizes salespeople to keep adding new policies to customers in order to make a living, and customers do not get the insurance solutions and advice that suit them the best. A financial services provider has now developed a novel business model that aims to disrupt the insurance industry in Germany. It replaces commission-based insurance with commission-free tariffs and instead includes a flat fee for managing the client's insurance policies. However, the business idea can only be realized profitably if the administrative expense per client is significantly reduced. Due to strict regulations in the insurance industry, many activities within the process are mandatory.
The goal of this work is to automate the business process behind the idea through the use of digital technologies and to reduce the workload in order to make the business model profitable. We used design thinking as a mental framework to carry out the digital transformation of the business model in a structured way. As part of this qualitative research, we conducted expert interviews and a document structure analysis to define hurdles for the realization and to develop detailed process maps. We carried out a process workshop, during which we analyzed the process and identified requirements for a digital prototype, which was developed using the low-code framework bubble.io.
Through workload time measurements, the impact of digital transformation on the performance of the process was confirmed. Finally, different digital options were compared with each other. The findings of this work support the thesis that design thinking has a positive influence on the success of digital transformation and in particular in the development of solutions tailored to people. This success is underlined by a reduction in workload times by 71,2% for bottleneck activities. The comparison of the various digital options implies that the development of customized digital applications is preferable for unique and complex problems.
International agierende Unternehmen müssen sich im Tagesgeschäft immer häufiger
mit dem Entsendemanagement auseinandersetzen. Diese Arbeit stellt die steuer- sowie sozialversicherungsrechtlichen Anforderungen dar, welche im Rahmen der Vorbereitung einer Mitarbeiterentsendung aufkommen und als große Herausforderung gelten, da verschiedene Rechtsgrundlagen in Betracht gezogen werden
müssen. Zudem besteht in allen Ländern eine Meldepflicht, welche auf dem jeweiligen
nationalen Recht basiert. Auf Grundlage dieser Rechtsvorschriften werden Ansätze vorgestellt, um den Entsendeprozess so effizient wie möglich zu gestalten und um entstehende Risiken bei Nichterfüllung der Voraussetzungen zu minimieren. Eine standardisierte Abwicklung und Auslagerung von Teilprozessen im unternehmensinternen Entsendeprozess können zur Reduzierung des administrativen Aufwandes
beitragen sowie einen Überblick über alle Teilbereiche geben. Dabei hilft eine transparente Kommunikation, um Missverständnisse bei Entsandten zu vermeiden.
Diese Arbeit will erforschen, inwiefern die Position eines Arbeitnehmers in der Automobilindustrie entlang der Wertschöpfungskette Einfluss auf dessen Jobzufriedenheit hat. Dabei folgt diese Arbeit einem explorativen Ansatz. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage stellt diese Arbeit die Grundlagen der Wertschöpfungskettentheorie nach Porter sowie einschlägige Modelle der Forschung zu Arbeitszufriedenheit vor. Es wurde eine Studie durchgeführt, welche der in der qualitativen Sozialforschung verwendeten Grounded Theory Methodologie folgt. Die Interviewteilnehmer wurden so ausgewählt, dass ein analytischer Vergleich ihrer Aussagen Aufschluss über die Forschungsfrage bringen könnte. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die wichtigsten Faktoren der Arbeitszufriedenheit herauszuarbeiten und sie in Bezug zu der Position eines Arbeiters der Automobilindustrie entlang der Wertkette zu setzen. Es gilt herauszufinden,ob es bei Arbeitern in der Automobilindustrie einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen Unterschieden in deren Arbeitszufriedenheit und der Position ihrer Tätigkeit entlang der Wertkette gibt. Sind manche Arbeiter zufrieden mit ihrer Arbeit, weil sie auf einer bestimmten Position entlang der Wertkette, wie zum Beispiel der Technologieentwicklung, arbeiten? Lassen sich Trends erkennen nach welchen gewisse Positionen entlang der Wertkette ein höheres Maß an Arbeitszufriedenheit aufweisen oder hängt die Berufszufriedenheit gänzlich von anderen Faktoren ab? Auf die vorhergehenden Fragen soll diese Arbeit anhand einer nachvollziehbaren Datenerhebung, Auswertung und Analyse Antworten liefern. In Abhängigkeit dessen, wie sich die Forschungsfrage beantworten lässt, könnten sich neue Impulse für die Erforschung der Arbeitszufriedenheit ergeben und diese um eine weitere Dimension ergänzen.
Are pets probiotic?
(2022)