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Course of studies
The thesis introduces a case study research presenting the transfer pricing problem of a selected MNE. Hereby, the researcher derives an appropriate method for the case and concludes with a comparison of theory and practice. The theoretical part of the thesis evaluates existing transfer pricing methods as explained by the OECD, Germany and the USA. The second part is about the choice of the research methodology, case study research and expert interview.
The third part first introduces the case study, analyzes a theoretical framework of the transfer pricing process and evaluates the existing transfer pricing methods, which allows for the derivation of the most appropriate transfer pricing method for the case. The fourth part concludes the research by applying the derived transfer pricing method, the Cost Plus Method, to the particular case study. By combining theoretical and practical approaches, a solution to the problem is determined.
In dieser Arbeit soll eine Motorsteuerung für einen 3-Phasen-Asynchronmotor mit Kurzschlussläufer realisiert werden. Dabei soll der Motor in einem Gleichstromnetzwerk mit einer Spannung von 325V betrieben werden. Drehzahl und Drehrichtung des Motors sollen variabel sein. Der Motor wird dabei bei konstantem Lastdrehmoment betrieben. Des Weiteren soll die Steuerung eine Drehzahl des Motors von bis zu 25000 1/min ermöglichen.
Die Arbeit behandelt dabei einführend die Funktionsweise des Asynchronmotors und leitet ein mathematisches Modell ab, das anschließend für die Erstellung des Steueralgorithmus verwendet wird. Bei der Realisierung der Schaltung wird u.a. die Problematik mit parasitären Induktivitäten und der Umgang mit motorinduzierten Spannungsspitzen behandelt. Realisiert wird die Motorsteuerung als Umrichterschaltung. Dabei finden ausschließlich N-Kanal-MOSFETs Verwendung. Für die Ansteuerung der MOSFETs kommen Gate-Treiber-ICs mit Bootstrap-Kondensatoren zum Einsatz. Angesteuert wird der Motor über einen STM32-Board. Der implementierte Steueralgorithmus realisiert dabei eine Grundfrequenztaktung. Über diesen Aufbau der Motorsteuerung können die Anforderungen erfüllt werden.
Digitalization has made business virtual. As the current workforce is slowly adapting to it, the “digital natives” come into play.
We all know, that Millennials have a different approach to media and virtuality. They are practically born with it. But how would they perform if they had to use virtual media in a professional setting? Does the experience and the technology surrounded upbringing give them a clear advantage? Or will they struggle with this entirely new dimension of communication the same way older generations do? This Thesis focusses on the challenges of virtual teams, predominantly in cross cultural situations. But especially on how Millennials tackle virtual teams in a global setting, if they did not have extensive prior preparation.
The first part tries to identify the theoretical background of this paper – the classical challenges of cross-cultural communication in virtual teams but also the willingness of Millennials to use digital work tools for their future.
The main segment then introduces data and observations collected on the GVT project - a pilot project from the Hochschule Furtwangen University, where students from Spain, Finland and Germany took part in a simulation of virtual teamwork. In groups, these students had to develop a project about Erasmus at their university – but purely virtual to experience physical borders in teams.
A pre-survey and a post survey have been carried out on this group to analyze and investigate how perception and reality differ. Furthermore, the participants left testemonials and many virtual meetings were monitored.
This Thesis will conclude with chapter 3 to show if Millennials have a valid advantage in working with virtual teams. It will also show the necessity to train young people and change our education to a more digital approach, as business will inevitably become increasingly virtual.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Gründe, Chancen, Risiken und den potentiellen Mehrwert des Mehrkanalvertriebs in der 3D Druck- und Scanindustrie. Dabei wurden die aktuellen Vertriebsstrategien einiger Hersteller analysiert. Durch ein Experteninterview wurde ein theoretisches Modell des Mehrkanalvertriebs für Shining3D entwickelt und untersucht. Mit Hilfe einer SWOT-Analyse wurden die aktuellen Schwächen ermittelt und der Mehrwert des Mehrkanalvertriebs, im Vergleich zum aktuellen Vertriebssystem, genau beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der theoretischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass der Mehrkanalvertrieb die Schwächen in einem Vertrieb minimieren oder eliminieren kann. Durch das Dazugewinnen des direkten Vertriebs kann der Hersteller näher am Markt agieren und sich besser um zukünftige Innovationen und deren Einführung kümmern. Der Mehrkanalvertrieb verbessert durch das Erreichen neuer Kanäle nicht nur die Wirtschaftlichkeit, sondern bietet auch ein Risikoausgleich durch Bildung eines Absatzkanalportfolios. Sollte ein Kanal schwächeln, so kann er durch die anderen aufgefangen werden. Abschließend werden mögliche Konfliktfelder analysiert und Lösungsansätze für deren Beseitigung beschreiben.
Das Thema ETPs/ETFs im Allgemeinen ist, obgleich nicht mehr brandneu, nach wie vor eines der aktuellsten und relevantesten des Investmentbankings. Untermauert wird diese Feststellung durch das ständige Wachstum und die Innovation der Branche sowie durch das Volumen an Vermögen, das heute in ETFs verwaltet wird (Assets under Management).
In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Methoden und Aspekte der Indexkonstruktion, sowie die Funktionsweise von ETFs erklärt und diskutiert, um anschließend, basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen, einen Produktvorschlag für das Fondsmanagement der Deka Investment GmbH ETFs herauszuarbeiten. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Indexkonzept, das abzubilden die Aufgab eines neuen Deka ETFs wäre. Die zentralen Punkte, die untersucht werden sind die allgemeine Funktionsweise und Struktur von ETFs, Gewichtungsmethoden und Faktoren sowie deren Rolle bei der Indexkonstruktion.
Mit gewissen Vorgaben durch das Unternehmen und durch eigene Recherche wird eine Strategie formuliert, die eigenständig mit Hilfe der Portfolio Management Software von FactSet getestet und optimiert wird. Hierbei wird unter anderem durch einen Backtest untersucht, wie sich der Index, bei Quartalsweiser Anpassung in den letzten 10 Jahren verhalten hätte.
Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung gibt einen Überblick über den Umgang mit projektbezogenen Veränderungen in Unternehmen. Eine Vielzahl gescheiterter Veränderungsprojekten in der Praxis (59 % der Veränderungsprojekte scheitern laut IBM) gibt Anlass um den Fragen nachzugehen wie Unternehmen, aber vor allem die Metabowerke GmbH, Veränderungen zukünftig erfolgreich umsetzen und in den Betriebsablauf verankern können. Weiterhin wird die Frage erläutert, wie dabei die Mitarbeiter mit einbezogen werden können um Widerstände zu vermeiden. Zur Beantwortung der Fragen wurde im Unternehmen eine Mitarbeiterbefragung, ein Benchmark, sowie eine interne Prozessanalyse bei den Metabowerken durchgeführt. Hieraus konnten Erfolgsfaktoren abgeleitet und somit Handlungsempfehlungen ausgesprochen werden. Es konnte herausgefunden werden, dass Wandel bzw. Veränderung immer auf verschiedenen Ebenen stattfindet: Auf Führungs-, Unternehmens-, Mitarbeiter- und Prozessebene. Bei Veränderungen müssen immer alle Ebenen berücksichtigt werden. Die Mitarbeiter stellen den Hauptfokus von Veränderungen dar und sollten anhand entsprechender Partizipations- und Kommunikationsmaßnahmen permanent integriert werden. Nur so können Widerstände reduziert und Veränderungen erfolgreich umgesetzt werden.
The thesis presents suggestions on how to manage project-based changes in organizations. IBM stated in 2008 that 59 % of changes implemented in organizations failed. This begs the question of how to manage and implement change successfully. A special focus will be paid on the Metabowerke GmbH. Second, how can employees be integrated in the change management process to reduce resistance. In this context, an employee survey, a benchmark, and a process analysis were conducted. Based on the data, success factors were defined, with suggestions for improvement. It can be summed up, that change always takes place at different levels: At the organizational, the process, the employees and the management level. For change to be implemented successfully and reduce resistance all levels have to be considered. The main focus is on the employees. By using different participation and communications measures, employee’s resistance can be reduced. They should be integrated during the whole change management process.
In the period from 2007 to October 2017, exchange traded funds (ETFs) exhibited an exceptional growth in assets under management from 0.8 to 4.4 trillion US-Dollar, causing significant developments within the financial industry that raised concerns regarding their negative impact on market quality and systemic risk. This work examines the development of ETFs and evaluates their effects on the financial system by conducting an analysis of secondary research and market data. Thereby, the findings do not recognise a significant risk stemming from ETFs, but in fact identify multiple necessary areas of research. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the growth of ETFs benefits investors through their stimulating effect on competition within the fund industry, as well as their essential role in robo-advise. Moreover, the alleged negative effect of passive ETF investments on companies’ corporate governance are examined and in fact turn out to exhibit a positive impact. Furthermore, it is shown that ETFs deteriorate liquidity and information efficiency of their underlying stocks in the long run, yet there has been no examination of the implications so far. Lastly, it becomes apparent that the pricing mechanism of ETFs requires further exploration as there are proofs of an inherent capability of transferring and amplifying liquidity shocks between ETFs and their underlying assets, causing price distortions and drops.
Today’s workplace is composed of three different generations, which are considered to be substantially different from each other. Popular press and academics defend that neglecting to address these differences can generate negative organizational outcomes. Therefore, there is a growing body of research recommending generational specific practices to minimize the effects of generational differences in organizations. Nevertheless, not every practice tends to be based on empirical evidence on generational differences, which raises doubts about its effectiveness. The goal of this paper is to propose reverse mentoring as a practice to help organizations understand and manage generational differences better. To achieve this goal, a summary of published secondary data on empirical evidence of generational differences in the workplace was gathered, and the findings were linked to the function/outcomes of reverse mentoring, which allowed for the practice to be recommended based on substantial empirical evidence. Moreover, primary qualitative research was gathered through interviews to support the findings. Despite the limitations encountered, reverse mentoring is proved to be a long-term beneficial tool to understand and manage generational differences in the workplace.
The MENA region workplace represents a strong glass ceiling for women who wish to climb the corporate ladder and reach higher managerial and leadership positions. To succeed, a woman must face deeply-embedded cultural and societal norms, which puts her in an inferior and dependent situation.
This issue is growing in importance and has only started to be covered by studies for the MENA Region, hence the purpose and contribution of this paper. This thesis will shed a light on the limitations encountered, as well as on success factors shaping the career development of these women. By recurring both to secondary and primary data, the discovery of unknown barriers will be possible. Moreover, it will discuss Entrepreneurship as an eventual alternative to independently overcoming the glass ceiling. The conclusion will look at modernization as a progress factor for the professional success of these leaders.
Globalisation and technological advancements over the last decade have changed the way that business organisations operate. In response to these developments many companies have opted for a global strategy which usually entails a form of standardisation. This thesis will focus on standardisation of human resources software. There are many articles and journals on the field of human resources management, the impact of technology of human resources and standardisation of processes in general but very little literature on standardisation of human resources software despite the huge role that it plays in supporting global HR strategy.
Using mainly qualitative research and primary first-hand experience this thesis will look into the factors affecting standardisation of human resources software. The assumption is that standardisation of HR software is the only option for global strategy and that it will increase efficiency, reduce costs and create other benefits for an organisation.
The research shows that when technical and non-technical factors are not equally considered standardisation of HR software is likely to take longer than intended and according to the measurements put in place it may fail completely or the perceived benefits are not fully realised. Additionally, constant technological innovations could redefine standardisation and the role of HR software in an organisation.
The present study examines stock split announcements with regard to the semi-strong form of the efficient market hypothesis. Daily security price data and a sample of 262 stock split announcements observed on the New York Stock Exchange during the ten-year period from January 2006 to December 2015 are applied on parametric as well as nonparametric tests. The test results provide empirical evidence in favor of the semi-strong form of market efficiency. This implies that the marketplace immediately and efficiently reacts to stock split announcements by adjusting security prices. Therefore, it is not possible to generate significant abnormal returns by trading on the information content implicit in stock split announcements.
The creation of a positive organizational culture has become of increasing interest during the past decades. Various studies have assessed the impact of organizational culture and employee satisfaction in relation to individual and organizational performance. A cross-comparison of these studies is difficult, as the results strongly depend on the definition of the investigated variables. Additionally, the concept of organizational culture remains a unique concept within the group and is influenced by the respective organizational structures and processes.
Therefore, this bachelor thesis attempts to investigate the concept of organizational culture and its determinants in general, as well as making the case of the critical im-portance of organizational culture, specifically for the company MS Plastic Welders, LLC (MSPW).
In this context, to form a comprehensive analysis and theoretical framework, secondary data was examined. In line with the qualitative findings, the application of a descriptive employee survey at MSPW intended to examine the employees’ perceptions towards their job satisfaction and the overall working environment. The aim of the study was to uncover the main areas for improvement, forming the basis of leading a positive culture change. Following the survey, conclusions about the organizational culture at MSPW were drawn and put into perspective in the form of recommendations for the company. The survey results indicated that the company needs to communicate a clear organizational mission and additionally needs to determine and communicate their organizational values, in order to clearly direct the employees’ mindsets, behavior and actions. After determining the organizational direction, the internal structures and processes need to be aligned to support the desired behavior patterns and in order to enhance the long-term organizational performance perspectives through positive culture change.
Die Umwelt ist im Wandel durch den Einfluss der Digitalisierung, kaum ein Bereich ist davon ausgenommen. Auch dem Bereich der Wirtschaftsprüfung stehen bedeutende Änderungen bevor. Diese Änderungen stellen die gesamte Branche vor große Herausforderungen und Risiken, bietet jedoch auch viele Chancen. Die vorliegende Arbeit erforscht und evaluiert genau diese Risiken, beziehungsweise Chancen der Digitalisierung und gibt einen Einblick auf die momentan größten Technologie Trends und Anwendungen.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie das Berufsbild des Wirtschaftsprüfers zukünftig ändern wird und inwiefern Risiken und Chancen diese Entwicklung beeinflussen. Zur Verdeutlichung der derzeitigen Vorgehensweise der Großen Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaften werden die verschiedenen IT Perspektiven anhand eines Praxisbeispiels erklärt. Die Resultate der Arbeit werden zu einem Fazit und Ausblick zusammengefasst.
Konzeption einer Social-Media-Strategie am Beispiel der Firma BMSC für den französischen Markt
(2018)
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit der Konzeption einer Social-Media-Strategie für den französischen Markt. Die Firma BMSC dient hierzu als Praxisbeispiel. Zunächst werden Grundlagen von Social Media und Social-Media-Strategien thematisiert. Anschließend wird eine Social-Media-Strategie mit Unterstützung einer Social-Media-Strategie-Methode schrittweise erarbeitet. Grundlage für die Entwicklung der Social-Media-Strategie stellt eine Zielgruppen- und Konkurrenzanalyse, eine Ressourcen- und Kompetenzanalyse des Unternehmens sowie eine prägnante Marktanalyse, gestützt durch Experteninterviews, dar. Die Definition der Ziele, die durch einen Social-Media-Auftritt erreicht werden sollen, hilft bei der Entwicklung von Handlungsempfehlungen, der Auswahl der Kanäle und der Entwicklung von passenden Inhalten in den sozialen Netzwerken. Abschließend werden ein Redaktionsplan und Social-Media-Guidelines entwickelt und Kennzahlen definiert, die dem Unternehmen helfen den Social-Media-Erfolg zu messen.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Preisfestsetzung im Bankengeschäft. Aufgrund aktueller Marktentwicklungen, wie der Niedrigzinsphase und wachsender Konkurrenz, müssen Finanzinstitute mehr Wert auf das Preismanagement legen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden die Methoden der Preisbildung gegenübergestellt und kritisch betrachtet. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde empirisch untersucht, wie Banken aktuell mit diesem Thema umgehen und inwiefern die theoretischen Ansätze in der Praxis angewendet werden. Hierzu wurden über 150 deutsche Bankinstitute befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Onlineumfrage zeigen auf, dass es einen Trend hin zur präzisen Sollmargenkonzeption gibt. Immer mehr Institute wechseln von einer ungenauen Bruttomargenkalkulation zu einer genaueren Deckungsbeitragsrechnung. Zudem erkennen Banken den Bedarf, dass der Fokus zukünftig mehr auf den Kunden gelegt werden muss, um Preisbereitschaften besser ausschöpfen zu können. Nichtsdestotrotz dominieren zurzeit immer noch die Dimensionen Kosten und Wettbewerb bei der Preisfestsetzung.
For a long time, car sharing has been known as a niche market, not able to attract a significant number of people. The cause of this has not only been car sharing services being inflexible with their offers, but also the high societal value of owning a car. Today, car sharing is more flexible with its offers and enjoys a rising popularity within the Federal Republic of Germany. A steadily increasing number of citizens is registered with local car sharing providers. This trend represents one of the many sub-categories resulting from the sharing economy, which stands for community consumption. Instead of owning an object, the customer pursues the objective of temporary use. Using an online survey as well as expert interviews, this thesis investigates if car sharing has an impact on car ownership. In addition, this research aims to find out if and how the endowment effect, which describes the phenomenon of people valuing something higher that they own than something they do not own, impacts the connection between car sharing and car ownership. Results suggest that a low degree of psychological ownership potentially could lead to a higher tendency to select a car sharing vehicle over a private vehicle. Relevant factors, as suggested by research results, are price and convenience. This implies that the endowment effect and the related factors should be taken into consideration when trying to establish car sharing services and reach customer groups, which have not been reachable so far.
This bachelor thesis deals with the changing qualification requirements caused by In-dustry 4.0 and provides an overview of the current qualifications of employees and the accompanying future training measures to improve their qualifications, using Daimler and its strategies as an example. The results regarding necessary future qualifications are derived from an extensive literature research as well as an employee survey and qualitative expert interviews. Previous studies depict that due to Industry 4.0 and the transformation from internal combustion engines to electrical engines many current job positions are dissolving, but in return new fields of work are being created. Conse-quently, to see what challenges companies and employees will face in the future, the-oretical concepts were described and analyzed. As theoretical basis the resource-based, competence based and knowledge-based view as well as the strategic leader-ship approach were chosen, which explain how companies grant their competitive ad-vantage and future success. Afterwards, the theoretical foundations were applied to the resources, competences, knowledge and leadership styles relevant to Industry 4.0. In addition, the company, which served as the research object, was presented with its business units, departments and strategies. Conclusively, the results state that it is necessary and possible to invest primarily in basic knowledge using further training measures. Additionally, more intensive communication is required for the effi-cient implementation of the company's strategy. Lastly, recommendations regarding training measures to increase competences, limitations and further measures are dis-cussed.
The changes between Taiwan and China since 1979 have closer both countries in many aspects. This study seeks for evidence proving the impact of cross-strait political events on Taiwan Stock Market. Major events from 1995 to 2017 are identified and examined with event study using market model and both parametric and non-parametric test. By defining 19 events into two groups- Good news and Bad news, the results present significant abnormal returns on event day [0] or after. This suggests that there is significant impact of cross-strait political events on Taiwan Stock Market. Moreover, due to the limited amount of events, this study can only weakly support that Taiwan Stock Market is semi-strong form.
For investors, it is common to have a look at the annual reports of the company of interest, before making an investment decision. But looking at the numerical data in isolation is not sufficient to get an impression on how the firm will develop in the future and if the investment might generate an appropriate return.
In this bachelor thesis, an approach to incorporate industry factors in the traditional financial statement analysis is tested. The structure-conduct-performance paradigm is used to justify the importance of the industry for a company’s performance. By identifying the critical success factors of the industry via a 5-forces and PEST analysis, and measuring the firms’ performance on this basis, a more comprehensive picture of a company can be drawn.
This method will be applied on the tire manufacturing industry, with Michelin and Bridgestone as examples, and the IT-service industry with Atos and Adesso.
The results of the analysis have shown that by regarding the industry CSF in the analysis, varying aspects besides the financials were taken into account, adding significant value to the analysis. After having identified trends and developments in the industry, it was also possible to better evaluate the financial performance of a company in the light of challenges that all firms of the industry will face in the next periods. With this new perspective, the possible future performance can be predicted more reliably.
Due to the globalization and talent shortage in Germany, companies are starting to recruit their new employees from abroad. These skilled professionals are relocating from abroad to Germany to live and work, leaving everything behind. Therefore, a successful integration into the company and into the community is essential.
This bachelor thesis is dealing with the different ways of how foreign professionals can be and should be integrated into the German workplace to be considered as successfully integrated. The aim of this thesis is to have a set of suggestions, a roadmap for companies to use as a guide to integrate foreign professionals in Germany.
To gain an inside into the current integration techniques of German companies, that are at the same time recruiting internationally, in-depth interviews have been conducted. On the other hand, to get an inside into the integrated employees minds and their experience with the German integration techniques, an online survey has been executed. Based on the findings, a set of recommendations have been made for companies.
The results of the empirical research have shown that there are already techniques and procedures that are more or less successfully used in integrating foreign professionals, but those techniques are general and not tailored towards the needs of an international. Hence, there is still a need for improvements. Furthermore, personnel and time, both two of the main reason for the missing structure, are scarce.