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Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist die Erforschung ökonomischer Effekte des Corona Virus auf den Berufsfußball. Dazu wird folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt:
„Welche wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen hat Covid-19 auf den professionellen Fußball in Europa?“
Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten wird eine Literaturrecherche betrieben. Zunächst wird dafür der Profifußball definiert und die Spezifitäten der Branche aufgedeckt. Im Anschluss werden sowohl die finanziellen Daten vor der Krise als auch die aktuellsten Daten herangezogen, um die Auswirkungen analysieren zu können. Abschließend werden mögliche Lösungsalternativen ausfindig gemacht und bewertet.
Die Studie zeigt, dass die Branche durch den Wegfall von wichtigen Spieltageinnahmen sowie einer bereits vor Covid-19 bestehenden finanziellen Belastung wirtschaftliche Probleme aufweist. Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass der Profifußball sich zukünftig nachhaltiger aufstellen muss, um Krisenzeiten besser zu überstehen.
Employers must have the necessary tools to engage in the fight for talent, which is growing increasingly competitive. The rising competitiveness of the recruiting industry today has further driven the development of the recruitment process, resulting in the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques.
In this thesis, a literature review of current applications of AI in recruitment is conducted to better understand AI’s present strengths and limitations as well as its future potential.
In particular, this thesis attempts to clarify, from a recruitment strategy perspective, how AI can be used to improve recruitment and facilitate recruiters’ daily work, with a focus on which guidelines should be in place to achieve these goals.
The results reveal a significant gap between the promise and current reality of AI applications in human resources. However, with a few adjustments and cautious implementation, AI can indeed provide recruiters with promising solutions primarily by taking over tasks such as sourcing, screening and possibly even interviewing applicants through video screening. This has the potential to improve the quality of hiring and eliminate bias in recruitment. The thesis also finds that, at present, a fully automated process without any supervision from recruiters is unrealistic, at least in the final stages of the decision-making process, due to the ongoing and crucial need for a human touch and the currently foreseen negative cultural reaction to AI in its present limited form.
Today’s business and work environment has become increasingly exposed to the pressure of globalization and the steadily growing degree of virtuality. This is demonstrated by the rising number of global virtual teams (GVT) playing a crucial role in many internationally oriented organizations, with an ongoing upward trend. The purpose of this thesis is to promote a better understanding of how employees can be trained to collaborate successfully in a GVT, and whether this is possible at all. In this context, the paper primarily focuses on the social dimensions influencing successful virtual collaboration. A mixed methods approach of primary and secondary data was used in this thesis. Apart from a literature review providing a theoretical foundation of concepts concerning the key issues of the study, the paper examines two different perspectives. On the one hand, expert interviews with two European training companies and an active seminar participation enabled greater insight into the employee training industry. The objective was to discover the key sources of problems in GVTs leading companies to rely on professional help. A particular focus was laid on examining how trainers master the difficult task of preparing employees for global virtual teamwork as well as to collect information about the provided training services. As the interviews revealed, communication problems among the virtual team members (VTMs) display the main reason for a team’s low performance or failure. Concrete recommendations for actions have been described as a basis for optimizing the collaboration and to strengthen the social ties within a GVT. On the other hand, the main practical part of this thesis focuses on a GVT of a multinational business consultancy. An online survey and individual interviews with the team members have been conducted aiming at answering the following research questions: On the basis of which skills do present members of a GVT define successful virtual collaboration? How is the need for training services in general assessed? In addition, the empirical study examined the social dimensions among the VTMs and the team’s current work situation. On the basis of these insights, the team’s current need for training services has been analyzed and specific recommendations for actions have been proposed.
Prior research agrees that consumer choice is heavily influenced by the choice context.
According to the compromise effect, the middle alternative in attribute space is preferred over more extreme options. However, the role of the spatial order of alternatives seems to be neglected by most compromise effect studies. Usually, alternatives are ordered by attributes, meaning that the compromise option is placed in the spatial middle of the choice set, despite the fact that research indicates a consumer preference for the spatial middle of a choice set. To investigate this issue, we hypothesized that an alternative would be chosen more frequently when positioned in the spatial middle of a choice set versus at the edge of a choice set. We assumed that this effect would be stronger when consumers are unfamiliar with a product category. Therefore, we expected to observe a negative correlation between decision-makers’ familiarity with a product category and their tendency to choose an alternative more frequently when positioned in the spatial middle of a choice. To find out, we conducted an online survey targeting 907 university students. The results support our hypothesis and the notion that the compromise effect might be partly driven by a preference for the spatial middle position of a choice set rather than only by a preference for the compromise option.
Abstract
With the writing of this paper, I have the intention to move the legal entity further into the public discourse and test the hypothesis whether the legal entity in its current form is still contemporary. The principle of separability combined with the economic principle is offering much potential to exploit the current economic landscape. Although they are partly constrained by several laws. This cause frictions between governments and corporations. In the following, this paper will show you different ways how companies such as Nestlé, Ikea, or E.ON use the legal entity to follow the economic principle. Furthermore, this paper will show how professional football clubs uses the legal entity to attract investors and in which manner the German Football Association (DFB) use their status as a non-profit organization. The government is trying to restrain companies with laws and restrictions such as a new form of a class action or regulations that prevent nuclear energy operators from outsourcing liabilities to subsidiaries, which arguing against the initial hypothesis. An important part deals with the justification for the existence and criticism of the legal person. Here, the focus is located on statements beside legal professionals such as Christian Jaag who thinks that the current version of the legal person does not fit to the international tax law. He mentioned as a reason for its existence that without the legal person there would not be a taxation in the country it is located as customers, suppliers or employee may locate somewhere else. Experts outside of jurisprudence rarely comment on the legal person. Economists are silent about it and take it for granted, as it is to their advantage.
The impact of human trust on business performance by the example of non-governmental organizations
(2020)
How important, scalable and influenceable is the factor trust for charities? This thesis deals with this question regarding social media appearances of three NGOs. Furthermore, it aims to capture the general state of trust of millennials in non-governmental organizations.
This work is predicated on extensive literature research, an online survey, a group discussion with millennials and an application of the HuTrust Model by mext consulting.
Findings indicate that the level of trust matters in different areas such as social media engagement rate and the willingness to donate money to an NGO
The study attempts to analyze the short-term effects of merger and acquisition bids of German acquirers on the stock prices of two involved companies. On the announcement day, a statistically significant average abnormal return of 11.5% is found for the target firms compared to an insignificant negative abnormal return of -0.28% for bidding firms, and the synergistic gain for involved firms is 5.72% on average. The strategy of specialization or diversification shows strong evidence that it has a large impact on the short-term stock returns with specialization triggering stronger abnormal returns than diversification bids for bidding firms and substantially smaller price reaction for target firms. The outcome also suggests that higher target cash-to-market-value ratio leads to significantly lower abnormal returns for target firms during the announcement period.
The study investigated what is the generalist education in nursing, how Keppler-Stiftung Haus Raphael, Senior Citizens’ Centre will start the implementation of this training and how people can be well informed using social media to convince them for a career path in nursing. The study examined if the use of social media will increase the turnout of people for this education. This thesis also researched, if the use of this promotional medium can help change people’s negative impression about old people’s home, especially for its funny smells and that, senior citizens are not well taken care of there as expected. From the starting theoretical background consisting generalist education in nursing and the trends of social media were discussed in details. Based on the theoretical issued examined, the empirical research is established, collecting data from staff of old people’s homes in five provinces in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Correlational analysis was used to test the sample on the two hypotheses. The positive correlation between social media campaign and the turnout for the generalist education in nursing was identified. The alternative hypothesis was supported because there was a significant relationship of independent variables to turnout of youths for generalist education in nursing
With the increasing environmental awareness and governmental regulations aimed at reduction of CO2 emissions car manufacturers who produce vehicles powered by diesel, or petrol engines, start to develop and produce electric vehicles in order to stay competitive in the market. However, not only conventional car manufacturers who have been successfully operating in the market for many years and do not want to lose their leading position because of this trend but also other companies and start-ups are trying to enter this industry or are already operating in the electric vehicle market. This raise the question whether the business models of the conventional car manufacturers are suitable for achieving success in the electric vehicles market.
This bachelor thesis compares the business models of the BMW Group and Tesla, Inc. in order to identify the differences between the business models of a conventional vehicle manufacturer and an electric vehicle manufacturer. Moreover, it examines the cost structure of both companies and reveals the differences.
Die vorliegende Arbeit ermöglicht eine Erkenntnis über die Herausforderungen, die die chinesischen Unternehmen AliExpress und Shein implizieren und den aktuellen Erfolg auf dem Markt, der durch angewandte Strategien bestehend bleibt. Das Ziel der Arbeit umfasst die Herausforderungen der beiden Unternehmen, die diese ihren Kunden gegenüberstellen und den angewandten Marketing-Strategien, die grundlegend dafür sind, Problematiken als primärer Kunden nicht allzu kritisch aufzufassen. Für die Analyse wurden Problemfelder dargestellt und anhand einer Umfrage diskutiert. Die Analyse bietet einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen, dennoch sind Optimierungsansätze nicht vollständig realisierbar. Die steigende Popularität der beiden Online-Shops ist auf bestehende Strategien zurückzuführen und diese sollen auch weiterhin ausgeführt werden und die Schwierigkeiten überwiegen.
With increasing globalization, the importance of logistics services within companies is also growing. In the automotive industry, logistics is equally important with the aim of achieving optimum logistics performance in terms of vehicle transports. To optimize logistics performance in vehicle logistics, there must be a balance or trade-off between logistics service and logistics costs. Even though vehicle transportation has a significant role in enterprise logistics, there has been little research in this area. This thesis aims to close this research gap by comparing three transport concepts with the actual situation in the test and technology center of Mercedes Benz AG in Immendingen. Four expert interviews were conducted at Mercedes Benz AG, in which the individual concepts were compared with the actual status in terms of logistics performance and evaluated. The extent to which the concepts are applicable to the site in Immendingen was evaluated. In addition, opportunities and risks of the concepts and the current status were identified. It was determined that there is no single correct concept, but that a mixture of concepts is most effective.
In an ever smaller and connected world, the need for instant access and communication is becoming more and more necessary. This is especially true in business, and no one understands this better than the people working at the Global Success Club. This is why they have decided to develop a mobile application specially catered to serve busy executives of innovative manufacturing companies, and help them find the right business partners for their next business venture or innovative collaboration. This thesis was written on the behalf of the Global Success Club to help them determine the optimal way to develop a mobile application that aims to connect innovative manufacturing companies in a global setting by looking at two research questions:
1. How to win B2B users/customers for a mobile application by focusing on smart user interface; and
2. Which method of marketing communication, direct marketing (emails & follow-up calls) or social media marketing, is more successful in winning over users in the internet affinitive US market.
This paper will accomplish its task by first looking over past research done by authors and researchers about how mobile applications are changing the way of the world and the way we communicate. The paper will also explore why businesses are now deciding to adopt new technologies to help them with business processes that were traditionally done offline. In order to answer the questions posed by this thesis, research was conducted on previous studies and what they have suggested pertaining to the research questions. Based on the research, hypotheses were made and those ideas implemented into the final plans by the company for the design and marketing communication strategy. Conclusions were made about the most effective user interface designs based on the hypotheses, and a study will be carried out at a later to judge their effectiveness. A study on the marketing strategy taken by the company was able to show that a more direct marketing message is optimal to win users and would be more effective if combined with wide spread and cost-effective online marketing.
Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen des betrieblichen Suchtmanagements. Die Zielsetzung dabei ist es, die Auswirkung des strukturellen und kulturellen unternehmerischen Kontextes in Bezug auf das Suchtmanagement zu erläutern und die unterschiedlichen Sichtweisen des sensiblen Themas Sucht im Betrieb aufzuzeigen. Dadurch wird dargestellt, dass verschieden ausgerichtete Konzepte für eine erfolgreiche Etablierung gewissen kulturellen und strukturellen Voraussetzungen bedürfen, um von Mitarbeitern akzeptiert zu werden.
Dazu werden Schlussfolgerungen aus den Ausführungen und Erklärungen zum hierarchisch und agil geprägten Kontext für das betriebliche Suchtmanagement gezogen und vorhandene Konzepte der Literatur werden strategisch eingeordnet.
Beispielhaft werden die Erkenntnisse auf das entwickelte Konzept des Unternehmens IMS Gear angewandt und dieses wurde im Hinblick auf deren strategische Ausrichtung beleuchtet und eingeordnet.
The start of the financial crisis in 2007 and the collapse of Lehman Brothers the end of 2008 led to a severe global economic crisis. To counter the negative shocks of the crisis, central banks pushed their conventional monetary policy tools to their limits. As policy rates reached their zero lower bound and no further stimulation of the economy was possible through the standard operating framework, additional measures were needed to improve the overall situation of dislocated financial markets and liquidity shortages. Therefore, central banks in advanced economies implemented unconventional monetary policy measures called quantitative easing (QE). Quantitative easing mainly works through an expansion of a central bank’s balance sheets and is aimed to reach a desired inflation target of 2%. This thesis examines detailed introduction, procedures, risks, and exit strategy of QE. The focus of this thesis is on design and operation of QE conducted by the Bank of Japan, the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, and the European Central Bank and on their achieved results regarding interest rates and broader economic effects. In addition, evidence for the effectiveness is analyzed with help of an event study. Key findings of this thesis demonstrate that by means of QE, positive development on economic indicators can be recorded but it also has limited impacts. If central banks conduct their stimulus for too long, it creates risks, and, for this reason, an appropriate exit strategy is required to avoid ineffectiveness of the monetary policy. To date, no country has completed their exit and, therefore, the future will illustrate the final consequences of QE.
The market for direct drive technology is said to have great growth potential. In order to increase its presence in this market, two new sensors from SICK Stegmann GmbH are currently in the market launch phase. The aim of this paper is to show the changes and challenges that arise in this market. As a result, new target groups and the resulting change in the distribution channel are proving to be the greatest changes and challenges for the company. Lack of knowledge about the product portfolio of the Motor-Feedback-Systems department on the part of the sales force further intensifies this problem. In this paper, approaches are elaborated on how these challenges can be counteracted and how a successful product launch can be realized. To this end, a training concept will be designed to enable the provision of the necessary product information. Further-more, product purchases of SICK Stegmann GmbH and other locations of the company are analyzed in order to be able to identify a causal relationship. As a result, correlations were identified, which is why cross selling represents another promising approach. Online presence in social media is also becoming increasingly important to companies. Another approach therefore relates to the use of Social Media to attract potential customers. Based on the insights gained in this paper, recommendations are defined, with whose implementation the market potential can be increased.
Der Digitalisierung oder digitalen Transformation von Unternehmen wird zunehmend eine wichtige Bedeutung attestiert. Die Prinzipien des Lean Managements werden in einem ähnlichen Ausmaß oftmals gelobt und von einer wachsenden Anzahl an Entscheidungsträgern eingeführt und umgesetzt. Beide Phänomene haben gemeinsam, dass sie einerseits Zeit- und Effizienzgewinne versprechen und andererseits eine – wie bei größeren Veränderungen innerhalb einer Organisation üblich – Inklusion der Betroffenen benötigen, um vorrangig langfristige Erfolge vorweisen zu können.
Diese Bachelorarbeit setzt an diese Ähnlichkeiten im Bereich des Lean Managements und der Digitalisierung an und untersucht zudem, inwiefern eine Integration der Belegschaft eines Unternehmens vonnöten ist. Hierbei wird der Fokus auf die Abläufe im Vertrieb gesetzt. Nachdem eine Klärung der grundsätzlichen Terminologie vorgenommen und der entsprechende wissenschaftliche Stand aufgezeigt wurde, folgte eine Auswertung qualitativer und quantitativer Daten, die im Rahmen einer Umfrage der betrachteten Firma erhoben wurden. Anschließend wurde untersucht, wie ein Lean Office durch eine strategische Digitalisierung erreicht werden kann und ob dies profitabel sein kann. Abschließend wurden anhand der Erkenntnisse Empfehlungen an andere KMU sowie offene Forschungsfragen abgeleitet.
This thesis examines the culture concerning the Celebrity-Endorsed Advertisements in Luxury Brands. Culture and its value have an impact on the effectiveness of the advertisement. Culture can also impact celebrity endorsement as a celebrity can be seen differently according to the cultural pattern. Luxury is also seen differently according to the cultural values, and brand can have an impact on the value of the luxury. Since the advertisement is a very crucial tool for marketing strategies, commercials should be made according to the values of the culture to increase its effectiveness. Culture is a group phenomenon, and it influences the behavior of an individual which impacts the brand and product. Culture creates a lifestyle and new markets; it also allows market adaptation according to the local taste. Culture helps us to understand the changing attitude of the market towards a product or service. Culture plays a role in the perception of the product and advertisement as people from a different country will perceive and interpret things differently according to their culture and experience.
This thesis addresses various diverse questions related to the culture regarding celebrity-endorsed advertisements in luxury brands. The foremost question which addressed is; the culture impact on the customer's perception of the brand image for celebrity-endorsed advertisements as to luxury brands. This thesis is based on the Qualitative research method, including descriptive case study-based research with observations, following an inductive approach to generate a theory, model, and explanation by analyzing the data to finding patterns. This thesis follows the research task based on theory and applying research models to new situations, explaining phenomena, and analyzing the relationships. The information and data for the research are taken from the online & social media platforms YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter are used for TV commercials. The data is analyzed through observation by checking the advertisement like and dislike on the online platform. How often they are comment and what kinds of statements are used for an advertisement. Afterwards, the data is analyzed according to the culture models. The findings of this thesis answer and highlight the challenges along with the research questions. The study helps us to understand what culture is and how to target the market more effectively. It explains the importance of the brand and the value of the luxury associated with it. This thesis helps us to understand the impact of the celebrity in the advertainments and how to use them effectively. It also helps us to understand consumer behavior and the perception of the product value. This thesis highlights the fact that what can be seen offensive in the advertisement by a different culture and its impacts on the brand image.
Der demographische Wandel mit der immer älterwerdenden Gesellschaft, dem damit einhergehenden Anstieg an chronisch kranken Menschen und dem gleichzeitigen Mangel an Hausärzten kann dem Gesundheitswesen in Zukunft viele Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Die Einführung der Telemedizin in Deutschland soll diesen Problemen entgegenwirken.
Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich damit, aufzuzeigen, wie wichtig es ist in die Telemedizin zu investieren und welche Potenziale besonders in Hausarztpraxen genutzt werden könnten.
Um einen Einblick in die bisherige Integration der Telemedizin in Deutschland zu bekommen, wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit eine Befragung erstellt, die an Patienten von Hausarztpraxen gerichtet wurde. Daraufhin wurden Tiefeninterviews mit unterschiedlichen Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens geführt, um sowohl die Perspektive der Patienten als auch die Perspektive der Telemedizinanbieter, Hausärzte und Krankenkassen zu beleuchten. Nach der Analyse der Datenerhebung konnten darauf aufbauend Handlungsempfehlungen erarbeitet werden, um die Integration von telemedizinischen Anwendungen in Hausarztpraxen zu erleichtern und das Angebot an die Bedürfnisse der Patienten anzupassen.
Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Forschung belegen, dass die Mehrheit der Patienten offen für die Nutzung telemedizinischer Anwendungen ist, aber dennoch Handlungsbedarf auf Seiten der Hausärzte besteht aufgrund vieler unterschiedlicher Hürden, die noch bewältigt werden müssen, wie die geringe Akzeptanz gegenüber neuen telemedizinischen Möglichkeiten und die technischen Gegebenheiten in den Arztpraxen.
Plastic packaging and its waste are known to have a negative impact on the environment and on human health. This study aims to determine effective government measures for the management of plastic packaging in Germany. Specifically, the effectiveness and acceptance of possible environmental incentive and restriction policies are analyzed based on the objectives of reduction, reuse, and recycling. Therefore, the policies of a plastic packaging tax, tax differentiation, bans, and concentration limits of chemical additives, as well as restrictions on packaging design, are investigated.
In order to examine the consumer acceptance of the policies, an online survey was conducted with 272 students. This study further contributed to the analysis of effectiveness as consumption effects were measured. Accordingly, the expected policy effectiveness was examined based on literature research and quantitative insights from the field study.
The results - which are only representative for German consumers with an academic background between 18 and 29 years of age - revealed that most respondents accepted the policies, although acceptance was higher for restriction policies than for incentives. Furthermore, problem awareness was found to slightly correlate with policy acceptance in most cases. In terms of expected policy effectiveness, several factors indicate effectiveness for all policies. However, multiple prerequisites for the achievement of policy effectiveness were identified, whereas the requirements for restrictions on chemical additives were most complex.