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Course of studies
This paper includes a brief summary of the theoretical background on onboarding and links the findings to modern trends. To answer the questions about expectations and needs of young employees survey results of a study conducted with over 400 participants between the ages of 18 and 27 will be evaluated. The results show that onboarding practices are highly expected by young adults and that integration is of very high importance for the age group. According to the survey results, onboarding programs can also help organizations improve their attractiveness as an employer. Furthermore, the open-ended questions of the survey provide detailed information on which specific measures should be included in an onboarding process. With the use of theoretical knowledge, the findings from the survey and results of a survey with department heads of the company, an onboarding process for Bürstner GmbH & Co.KG was developed. The plan includes specific steps from before the first working day, to the first weeks in the company until the end of the probationary period. Measures include a new employee profile, an initial training plan, a learning management system based online course and more. Through a transferability check of the process, it is concluded that many aspects can be transferred to other organizations; subject to adaptions. In the future further studies and employee feedback examining the onboarding measures, will have to be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed onboarding process and provide more insight into current trends.
Das Ziel der Bachelorarbeit ist es, den Prozess der Liquiditätsplanung in dem Unternehmen Audi Brussels S.A./N.V. zu verbessern. Dabei soll eine transparentere, genauere, automatisierte und flexiblerer Planung entstehen. Zunächst wurde der aktuelle Planungsprozess genau untersucht und auf Schwachstellen und Problemfelder analysiert. Daraus wurden Handlungsoptionen für Audi Brüssel abgeleitet. Diese wurden in lang-, mittel- und kurzfristige Lösungen eingeteilt. Die langfristigen Verbesserungenmöglichkeiten beschäftigen sich mit der Einführung von voll integrierten Software-Lösungen in Form von Datenanalyse-Plattformen. Die mittelfristigen Handlungsalternativen umfassen speziell angefertigte SAP-Berichte, durch die mehr Zahlungsströme frühzeitig erfasst werden können. Die kurzfristigen Optionen beinhalten die Überarbeitung der Excel-Grundlage der Planung. Wichtiger Bestandteil ist dabei die Erstellung eines Excel-Tools, das eine Übersicht über die verschiedenen Planungsebenen und deren Verlinkungen bietet und dazu eine flexiblere sowie schnellere Erstellung der Planung ermöglicht. Zudem wird eine rollierende Monatsplanung eingeführt.
Die Biografie- und Erinnerungspflege stellt eine Behandlungsform für die unheilbare Demenzerkrankung dar. Hierbei wird versucht durch Aktivitäten, welche einen Bezug zu der Vergangenheit des Menschen mit Demenz haben, Erinnerungen auszulösen. Dies hilft der an Demenz erkrankten Person ihr Identitätsgefühl zu festigen.
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit wurde eine innovative Anwendung entwickelt, welche interaktive und multimediale Bilder für die Biografie- und Erinnerungspflege bereitstellt. Mit diesen Bildern kann der Mensch mit Demenz interagieren, indem er auf einzelne Objekte drückt und daraufhin ein thematisch passendes Medium präsentiert wird. Die interaktiven Bilder werden automatisch, mittels Machine Learning, erstellt. Des Weiteren wurde ein Recommender System implementiert, welches basierend auf den Präferenzen des Menschen mit Demenz, Inhalte für eine Biografie- und Erinnerungspflegesitzung vorschlägt.
Funding is the key to success for a start-up. Since start-ups are often operating in innovative industries, they rarely receive loans from traditional debt lenders such as banks. However, start-ups do have the option of acquiring money for company growth through equity financing. One possibility for this is venture capital. In this scope, Germany is significantly behind the United States of America due to various aspects. This problem shows the relevance of the topic and justifies the critical examination of this subject. This work aims to analyze the German venture capital market, its development over the last 20 years, its advantages on the one hand and its disadvantages on the other hand as well as its future perspectives. Beyond that, the differences between the German and the American venture capital market and its success factors are presented. To answer all research questions, a broad literature review in combi-nation with several conducted expert interviews, which are evaluated on the principle of the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring, is applied. The results of the analysis indicate that there are mainly three fields that are crucial for a successful venture capital market: Political actions, attitudes of the society, and the economic situation. Within these fields, some aspects of Germany are considered worse than in the U.S. In the United States of America politics often intervenes to create better conditions for investments via venture capital. Besides, the risk affinity of society in the U.S. is a major advantage compared to the risk-averse society in Germany. This is complemented by a pronounced start-up mentality in the U.S. and the positive attitude of society towards the failure of a new start-up. In Germany, the opposite can be found in both aspects. Nevertheless, the German venture capital market has developed positively in recent years and has some advantages, such as a wide range of government grants for start-ups and the opportunity for investors to earn high returns on the initial investment. All experts that were interviewed are very confident that venture capital in Germany will continue to develop positively. They identified the reasons for this evolution in an increasing number of start-ups and better skills among the founders, which increases a start-ups' chances of success. For this reason, the experts forecast rising yield expectations, as well as an increasing number of venture capital providers, and venture capital takers. This research also indicates that the volumes of venture capital funds will rise, and the COVID-19-pandemic will accelerate the development of venture capital in Germany. The results of the research clearly show that despite some weaknesses, the German venture capital market has been on a good path for several years, and that there is a high probability that the growth will continue in the future.
This thesis proposes the adoption of renewable energies as a means to foster economicdiversification in oil and gas dependent rentier states. Surprisingly, oil and gas endowment does not always imply wealth and prosperity, mirroring the on-going debate whether natural resource dependent countries are blessed or cursed by their resource abundance.
This thesis seeks to bridge this gap by focussing on rentier states and the question whether rentier states are cursed or blessed. Based on the example of Oman, the proposed approach will be closely assessed. Additionally, the Sultanate’s challenges stemming from natural resource dependence and its preparedness for a post-oil era will be investigated.
Moreover, this thesis will analyze whether a paradigm shift in Oman’s energy sector can mitigate prevailing challenges and support the country’s economic diversification.
These three research questions will be answered through surveying and analyzing literature and data pertinent to the research topic. Findings indicate that rentier states tend to be more vulnerable to the resource curse and the impending fossil fuel depletion as it could cause public outcry and political and economic turmoil. Oman as a rentier state faces a grim post-oil era, fueled by many challenges, including dwindling oil and financial reserves, productivity losses driven by labor market distortions and rapid population growth.
Finally, findings suggest that the combination of economic and energy diversification can have strong positive effects on the Omani economy, such as freeing oil and gas reserves for export revenues, job creation, and private sector strengthening. However, Oman’s renewable energy industry is still in its infancy and faces various challenges, ranging from absent policies and adequate financing to heavily subsidized fossil fuels. As of now, the proposed approach is overly ambitious as the installed renewable energy capacity is too low to create significant employment opportunities or to free oil and gas for export purposes. However, heightened volatilities and economic shocks in recent years were eyeopening for the Omani government and have resulted in stronger efforts to enforce economic development plans. Similarly, the political transition after the death of Sultan Qaboos injected new impetus into Oman’s economy, which will facilitate the diversification of economic bases.
The management of the company Brasch Feinkost is striving for a digital process, which is particularly necessary and examined in incoming goods.
The change from analog to digital processes cannot be implemented without further planning in advance, which is why a concept must be developed that includes different steps. The introduction of warehouse management software in particular requires basic steps that are part of a clear concept. The representation of the actual processes in the incoming goods department at Brasch Feinkost are not only necessary for a specification sheet, but should also show comparisons between analog and digital processes by creating the target processes. With the identified weaknesses and approaches for improvement, the necessity of the digital way of working is shown by means of different analyzes and external benchmarking. The market research is ultimately intended to find a suitable provider of digitally supporting software based on the specified optional and mandatory requirements.
With the increasing popularity of online learning, many education providers increase their portfolio of educational courses. This analysis looks at existing literature and conducts two studies regarding the willingness to pay (WTP) for online and offline courses.
The first study consists of a van Westendorp price sensitivity meter (PSM) and a Gabor-Granger pricing method. The surveys are conducted to find differences in consumers´ WTP for online and offline courses and potential causes for the differences. The second study consist of short analogue case studies of services in the online and offline environment and factors that influence consumers´ WTP, supported by a literature review in the front of this analysis.
The results are that the WTP for offline courses slightly exceeds the WTP for online courses and that a multitude of factors, with positive, negative, neutral or ambiguous effects, play a role in consumers´ WTP for online and offline services.
The results and implications from this analysis are useful for service providers, that look to adapt their prices to the consumers´ WTP for services in online and offline environments. In particular for educational service providers and service providers that are unsure how to price online services in comparison to offline services.
Transforming a face-to-face (F2F) medical congress into a virtual experience without losing the added value of the offline event is the challenge many associations and event organizers face in 2020.
Background: The unexpected COVID-19 outbreak has made face-to-face congresses impossible in Q2 of 2020. In order to continue medical education, virtual congresses are organized.
Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine the advantages of a virtual congress format and illustrate a way to effectively organize a virtual congress. Moreover, the thesis aims to analyze the performance of the digital experience platform (DXP) created by MCI the Netherlands, taking into consideration different stakeholders’ needs and its future opportunities.
Methods: This bachelor thesis is based on the available literature as well as data from the company MCI the Netherlands and quality interviews were conducted with
10 industry experts.
Results: The digital experience platform can increase registration numbers and share the content with more people worldwide like never before. With the easy accessibility, the DXP offers the possibility to increase audience reach. By offering a long-term learning opportunity the platform enhances the user experience of the delegates. Valuable data insight can be retrieved through the platform and shared with various stakeholders. Evaluating the advantages of virtual congresses, it can be said that virtual congresses will be the future of the event industry, however they will not replace face-to-face congresses but can be seen as an additional learning possibility.
Conclusion: With the digital experience platform MCI the Netherlands was able to successfully transform their internal digital capabilities into a future-proof innovative client solution. MCI is the first company in the European market who offered a virtual experience for more than 10.000 participants and strengthened their position as one of the market leaders.
Many companies, especially in the United States, use share buybacks as part of their distribution policy to increase shareholder value. Even though share buybacks send a positive signal to the capital market participants often leading to higher stock prices, they are not always advantageous for investors. Little is known about share buybacks in the covid-19 pandemic 2020. This scientific paper aims to critically examine share buybacks concerning the current crisis by applying a benchmarking process to the performance of companies with huge share buyback programs. Moreover, experts in the field of study analyze the reasons for the performance and give an outlook as part of two further research questions. Using the S&P 500 as a benchmark, the analysis shows that these companies significantly underperformed during the crisis. According to the experts, capital-intensive, cyclical value stocks with low multiples and high debt have repurchased massive amounts in the past, leading to failure in investing in the business model's future viability and thus of the company. The crisis highlighted the weaknesses of share buybacks, which could lead to fundamental changes in the future. This research's findings are useful for investors who want to make more rational and differentiated investment decisions concerning share buybacks, as part of their due diligence process, during the next crisis.
China’s increasing importance in the pharmaceutical industry has attractedthe attention of the mechanical engineer for packaging machinery, Christ Packing Systems. Issues in entering the market have raised questions about the understanding of target customers in China and how the distribution system works. An in-depth understanding of the Chinese pharmaceutical market allows Christ Packing Systems to successfully approach the market.Based on interviews with experts in the field, industry reports and strategic analysis, this research paperwill provide insights into the pharmaceutical industry in China and its challenges and opportunities for Christ Packing Systems. Results show that pharmaceutical companies and their suppliers have to cope withgreat uncertainty. The involvement of the Chinese government stimulates the development of more and more innovative manufacturers of brand medicine. Drastically reducing prices for medicineand making them affordable for everyone in Chinais one of the governments’big goals. After supply shortages of critical medicines during the Covid-19 crisis, China has to expect that foreign groups will move some of their production closer to their customers in Europe and the United States. On the other hand, China is one of the most attractive marketsfor pharmaceutical companies. The largest population of the world which is ageingand increasingly suffers from chronic diseases, demands high quantities of medicine. Adding to that, the growing middle class and an improved healthcare system enables more and more people in China to afford and have access to pharmaceuticals. With this great market potential, Christ Packing Systems is advised to further pursue and intensify its market expansion to China. There are several alternatives to successfully enter the market while keeping the risks and costs at a reasonable level.
This study is aimed at valuing two companies in the IT services industry with different valuation approaches. Therefore, the preconditions for an accurate and meaningful business value as well as the procedure, strengths and limitations of these approaches are examined. Additionally, the accuracy of the results is determined through comparison of valuation estimates with their corresponding stock prices occurring within the three months following the business valuations.
Furthermore, it is examined if one valuation approach is superior in terms of accuracy. Finally, to verify the quality and explanatory power of the valuation results, they are compared with the outcomes of the study on the information content of equity analyst reports by Paul Asquith, Michael B. Mikhail and Andrea S. Au. The results of the business valuations show that within the three-month period, no price target was exactly achieved by the corresponding stock prices.
Furthermore, no valuation approach could be determined that is significantly more accurate than the others. It can be concluded that despite some limitations in the explanatory power of the valuations, the average percentage approximations of Mastercard’s and Visa’s stock prices to target prices were only slightly below those of the comparative study. In view of the fact that the research capacities and experience behind these business valuations are significantly lower than those of the top analysts in the comparative study, the results are considered consistent with the outcomes of the study on the information content of equity analyst reports.
Despite the fact, that women’s underrepresentation in finance is tried to be encountered by legal regulations, little research has been conducted on why most women still decide to not pursue a career in finance. Thus, finance currently remains to be a male-dominating sector. However, which potential consequences homogeneous versus heterogenous groups in finance have on the success of financial decision-making results in companies in the long term is still little studied. According to this research gap, this thesis sets out to research the cause of gender imbalance as well as the impact of the perception of gender differences in finance from a neuroscientific perspective.
First, it is examined whether distinct biological factors in men and women lead to different interests, skills, and abilities that explain a superior natural suitability to perform in finance. Further, it is discussed how the brain processes financial decisions and which internal- as well as external factors impact decision-making. This will be set in context with major findings from psychologist Iain McGilchrist and his hemispheres-approach, and Daniel Kahnemann and his dual-process theory. Further, it is investigated how particularly women respond to stereotype-threat, applying the latest theories by neuroscientist Gina Rippon, and how this influences women’s ability to perform in the financial sector. According to this, it is explained how deep-rooted gender roles, stereotyping and unconscious biases lead to self-fulfilling prophecies in performance, and thus, restrain the advancement of gender diversity in finance. Finally, it is researched in what way homogenous groups in finance are susceptible to overconfidence and groupthink and to what extend enhancing gender diversity can improve financial decision-making. According to this, neuroscientific strategies that counteract unconscious biases and irrational decision-making in finance are discussed.
Games are characterized above all by the fact that players naturally show a very high willingness to play. By using Gamification, one attempts to transfer this high motivational potential to other contexts by integrating elements of a game in a non-playing situation.
This bachelor thesis deals with the research question of how Gamification can influence the motivation and performance of users. It discusses how a gamified system must be designed in order to get the best possible benefit. Furthermore, the risks of Gamification are named and measures to reduce these risks are mentioned.
The methodology used is a literature search in which Gamification and its components are first defined, followed by a definition of motivation and performance. Furthermore, typically used game elements are presented and their effects are explained. Gamification is categorized according to two different approaches, differentiating between various types of Gamification. In order to explain the motivational effect, various psychological motivation theories are presented. The focus is on the self-determination theory according to Deci and Ryan, where the fulfilment of the needs of competence, autonomy and social relatedness are crucial for the emergence and maintenance of motivation. This theory is also used to understand performance improvements.
By presenting practical experiments in which Gamification systems have been developed, it becomes apparent that Gamification can have positive effects on the motivation and performance of users, provided that the basic psychological needs mentioned above are addressed. However, negative effects and various risks that Gamification can entail were also identified. For example, the ability to work in a team, the self confidence of the users, and the quality of the work can suffer if Gamification is implemented incorrectly.
For future research, it is essential to focus more on the interaction of different game elements, to differentiate between the quantity and quality of the achieved results, and to observe the long-term effects of a gamified system.
Global key account management is the use of the key account management system aimed at global accounts; these global accounts can also be known as multinational companies. These types of companies are key players for business-to-business model companies as they might account for as much as 80% of all sales. At this level of importance, to lose a customer like that could be a death sentence for the business. Adopting a global key account management to keep these essential types of customers is a good strategy, knowing the tremendous value they provide. The company MinebeaMitsumi, being aware of this, brings up the case study for the initiation of a global key account management system, that will bring a best in class service to the key accounts of MinebeaMitsumi in the automotive market. To start this project, it is needed an assessment of the current situation in which MinebeaMitsumi operates to its key accounts. At the same time, it is intended to upgrade the digital infrastructure MinebeaMitsumi uses for its operations. The case study is presented as an exploration and analysis of MinebeaMitsumi and how should this new system be implemented in an early stage. This way, preparing the ground for a larger project at the time of full implementation.
The presented thesis studies Artificial Intelligence-based tools which are currently used in recruiting. The guiding research questions ask which ethical implications exist when using different so-called robot recruiting tools, and how these implications apply to the German healthcare sector. The analysis is based on a comprehensive literature review. First, an overview over eight different tools is given, then they are analyzed regarding their ethical implications. Finally, the practical example of the healthcare sector in Germany is discussed. The eight tools are considered in regard to the specific need of larger hospitals. The thesis shows that when applying artificial intelligence-based tools, severe ethical concerns, mostly on the questions of non-discrimination, data security and integrity of an organization, can arise. Because of that, the thesis recommends that human resource managers should be very careful when applying Artificial Intelligence-based tools.
Personalisierte Online-Werbung und Datenschutzbedenken: Perspektiven aus den USA und Deutschland
(2020)
Today, personalized online advertising is part of user's everyday life. Based on data collected online, targeted advertisements are displayed. This approach often triggers concerns among users about the protection of their data, which has made data protection a globally important issue in recent years. This is also the case in Germany and the U.S. These two countries have two fundamentally different approaches to protecting their users' data, which is due to different perspectives on privacy and the culturally different handling of user data.
Based on cultural behaviors, there are many differences between users from the U.S. and Germany, but that they also have some similarities that affect user behavior and attitudes toward personalized online advertising. The concept of personalized customer communication is promising and can be beneficial for both users and advertisers. The cultural aspects help to assess a user's personal boundaries in order to decide on the degree of personalization of an advertisement so that no concerns are raised.
An analysis of the inter-rater reliability of ESG ratings within the consumer staples industry
(2020)
The aim of this study is to gain further insights into whether ESG ratings of the same firms from different rating agencies differ. To this end, this study examines and compares in particular the ratings of the providers Bloomberg, Sustainalytics and MSCI for companies in the consumer staples industry. The study comes to the conclusion that there are in some cases significant differences between these three providers in terms of the respective ESG ratings. Furthermore, a company-size bias is shown for Bloomberg and Sustainalytics ESG ratings. It appears that these agencies rate companies with a large market capitalization better than firms with a lower market value. These large discrepancies in ESG ratings of companies within the consumer staples industry and individual rating problems, such as the company-size bias, mean that today's ESG ratings tend to be not reliable and not valid. The study shows that ESG ratings will have to change a lot in the near future in order to contribute positively to the investment selection of socially responsible investors.
The rapid development of digital technologies has stimulated the shift from real life interaction to online communication. Internet audience is rapidly growing every day, while cost of reaching it is remains affordable.
Transformational changes in business environments, skills and cultures have led to the shift from product-based to knowledge-based economies.
New models of employment are getting more and more common, non-standardized employment has risen. The work lifecycle is changing. Instead of linear pattern— education, work, and retirement— there is a move to “cyclic life plans,” with periods of education, work and recreation overlapped and interspersed across a lifetime. This trend challenges standardized career paths, development programs and incentive systems. “Employee consumerism” is rising, especially for those with in-demand skills and experience.
All the above trends in global economy bring a new challenge for the individuals who want to succeed in their careers and personal development. This challenge is decent self-promotion on a labor market, which can be achieved by using efficient self-marketing channels and tools, in particular online.
Since the introduction of the concept of Emotional intelligence (EI), there has been affective turbulence in the past decades in the scientific community. The interest in the concept has been growing since the popularization of it in 1995 by Goleman (Goleman, 1995). It has been claimed to be a new way to success, as it was being linked to performance, job satisfaction, many other work-related constructs (Wong & Law, 2002; Bozionelos & Singh 2017; Miao et al., 2018; Prentice, 2016) and even health-related benefits (Goleman, 2020).
On the other side, the concept of Social Intelligence (SI), which was first introduced and used by Thorndike in 1920, has been around in the scientific community for quite some time as well. It is known for reducing conflict, creating collaborations and mobilizing people towards a common goal (Albrecht, 2005).
There has been a perplexing use of them in the field of research. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to examine conceptual issues as the similarities and differences between the two constructs and drawing a clear line between the two. A theoretical review has been conducted for independently understanding each concept. Different conceptual models have been analyzed for differences and similarities, in terms of definition, use, skill, problem-solving area, depth of the construct and aim of reasoning. The conceptual analysis shows there are some distinct differences. In addition to that, the results indicate that both concepts are multidimensional, overlapping and interdependent.
New developments in decentralized ledger technologies may have a huge impact on how we perceive and use money now and in the future. Most notably, it has led to the development of cryptocurrencies and a variation thereof –stablecoins. This thesis discusses the potential impact of Proof of Work based cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin on the money market and the central bank’s ability to maintain control over the money supply. The IS-LM model is used to evaluate the effects of a private-issued digital currency. However, due to the characteristics of POW based cryptocurrencies, their impact on the money market is neglectable. In contrast, private-issued stablecoins of large international businesses with the potential of gaining enough users to overcome hindering network effects may pose a serious threat to the financial system, if there is no regulation on their usage.
As a response to this development and combined with the phenomenon of a declining cash usage in many countries, central banks have started to conduct research in their own digital currency, namely central bank digital currency (CBDC). Countries such as Sweden or The Bahamas have already started with the implementation of trial phases of their respective CBDC. However, design choices of the country’s digital currency differ due to financial, geographical, and cultural circumstances, among others. Nevertheless, many countries have utilized decentralized ledger technologies as the underlying technology for CBDC, showing its promising potential for further research and future developments.