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Renewable energies play an increasingly significant role both in politics in Germany and especially in the energy market. The latter meanwhile is determined by the prices of the different energy sources in the mix of the German market. The goal of the present work is to analyse the influence of renewables on energy prices on the Spot and the Futures market and to find indicators, that help to better predict energy prices and therefore could be decisive for the time of purchase. Due to the limited scale of this thesis and because of the leading role of wind and solar energy, the main focus is on these two energy sources. Therefore, a quantitative data analysis by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient is performed. The results are analysed to find main influencing factors on energy prices. Using the results, it can be concluded by what kind of event the resulting price changes are caused and how these events can be forecasted.
This Bachelor Thesis aims to review previous studies in the broad field of M&A. It assesses whether M&A activities are beneficial for shareholders in terms of their returns. Effects on shareholder wealth, both in the short- and long-run, will be evaluated within this thesis. For this purpose, a large data set covering a time horizon of 64 years starting in 1950 until 2014 is used in the short-run. The long-run period involves 81 years lasting from 1929 to 2010. After an overall comparison, taking into account all takeover deals, a more detailed analysis of the announcement effects of M&As considering several different takeover characteristics will be executed. In the short-run, returns for bidder, target and combined firms’ shareholders are considered. For long-run shareholders’ wealth, data only for bidder firms will be evaluated.
The results show that shareholders of target, bidder and combined firms earn significantly positive returns upon the announcement of M&As. Most gains however accrue to target firms’ shareholders. Long-run returns to bidder firms’ shareholders seem to be negative across all three event windows. The longer the event windows, the more negative returns to shareholders. The results also demonstrate that takeover characteristics can significantly influence shareholder wealth.
Furthermore, this thesis aims to address following research questions: (1) what drives M&A activity and what are the individual motives for M&A decisions? And (2) how do several takeover characteristics impact the outcome of M&As?
Implementierung eines international gültigen Managementsystems mit Fokus auf Prozessreifegradmodelle
(2023)
In den letzten Jahren hat die steigende Zahl von Cyberangriffen auf Fahrzeuge gezeigt, wie wichtig es ist, Sicherheitslösungen im Automobilbereich zu implementieren. Die in den Fahrzeugen enthaltene Software muss aktualisiert werden, um neue Funktionen zu ermöglichen oder Fehler zu beheben. Um das Risiko zu verringern, dass ein Fahrzeug oder seine Komponenten angegriffen und kompromittiert werden, wurden zwei neue Regularien für die Cybersicherheit veröffentlicht: UNECE WP.291 R155 und R156. Im März 2021 veröffentlichte die Wirtschaftskommission der Vereinten Nationen für Europa die Verordnungen, die in einigen Ländern ab Juli 2022 verbindlich ist, um die Cybersicherheit von Fahrzeugen zu homologieren.
Als Reaktion auf diese Entwicklung gilt es für die Automobil- sowie für die Nutzfahrzeughersteller zu handeln. Aus diesem Grund führt der Nutzfahrzeughersteller MAN Truck & Bus ein Managementsystem unter Verwendung eines sog. Reifegradmodells ein. Die vorliegende Arbeit fokussiert sich auf die Verwendung von Reifegradmodellen. Als Teilbereich der strategischen Planung für das Projektmanagement bieten Reifegradmodelle ein Mittel zur Identifizierung der wichtigsten Schritte, der zu erledigenden Aufgaben und der Abfolge von Ereignissen, die erforderlich sind, um sinnvolle und messbare Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Grundsätzlich besteht der Zweck des Reifegradmodells darin, einen Rahmen für die Verbesserung des Geschäftsergebnisses einer Organisation zu schaffen, indem die Stärken und Schwächen des Projektmanagements der Organisation bewertet werden, Vergleiche mit ähnlichen Organisationen ermöglicht werden und ein Maß für die Korrelation zwischen dem Projektmanagementniveau einer Organisation und der tatsächlichen Projektleistung geschaffen wird.
During the last years, an increasing number of organisations has tended to favour the utilisation of collaboration software to support organisational processes and their employees in their daily work. Even though most of the software products are sold in a standardised manner, they offer a great variety in terms of their functionalities. Consequently, a company is likely to find a software solution which suits its distinct requirements which themselves originate from technological, market and social changes and prevailing VUCA conditions. Hence, a company is forced to regularly adapt its internal processes and structures to maintain competitive in the business as well as the labour market.
Utilising a collaboration software represents a promising opportunity for a company to introduce solutions for real time communication, social networks or shared information bases which are already used commonly in people’s private lives to the professional environment as well. Thereby they allow associates to transcend geographical and temporal distances while facilitating fast interaction, increasing productivity and providing for new opportunities for collaboration in both, regular work routines and exceptional situations.
The corporate implementation of such a software can be realised by building on formal project planning principles. This project management-driven approach tends to concentrate on preparing the steps required to ensure a successful deployment from a technical perspective. The effectiveness of the implementation, however, is mainly determined by employees’ reaction to the new software: Their level of acceptance and the incorporation of the software’s functionalities into their daily business routines finally influences to which degree an organisation can exploit and experience the desired benefits.
Aiming towards positively shaping users’ perceptions and the software’s usage, the critical success factors for software implementations are reviewed. Given that most of them are directly related to the people affected by the implementation, underlines the importance of interpreting the implementation of a collaboration software as an organisational change. By analysing the change process in theory and considering the employees’ behaviours for the subsequent conceptualisation of an implementation strategy, a user-centred approach can be further promoted.
The theoretical insights obtained from the scientific research on collaboration software implementations and the related organisational change process are then applied to a business case which deals with the implementation of the collaboration software product Office 365 at TTS Tooltechnic Systems AG & Co. KG.
After presenting the derived implementation structure, it can be concluded that so far, the identified critical success factors were verified by the case study. Moreover, the user-centred approach which focusses on guiding employees through the change process and ensuring a smooth transition in general produced positive results.
Nevertheless, it can be observed that an adequate project planning and timing remains indispensable. The final evaluation of the implementation’s success cannot be performed yet, since the implementation at the company has just recently started, but it becomes clear that it will likely be influenced much by the ongoing required cultural change within the company.
Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung gibt einen Überblick über die unbewusst wahrgenommenen Wirkungsweisen von hochwertigen Druckprodukten. Das durch den Wertewandel hin zur Digitalisierung bedrohte Printmarketing gibt Anlass dazu der Frage nachzugehen, inwiefern die Nutzung von veredelten Druckwerbeprodukten einen Mehrwert für die Verbraucher darstellt. Dazu werden vier Hypothesen erarbeitet, die die Wirksamkeit von verschiedenen Veredelungsarten und hochwertigem Papier testen. Zur Prüfung der Hypothesen wird eine neurowissenschaftliche Studie durchgeführt, die die Wirksamkeit anhand der Ausprägung der Gehirnaktivitäten misst. Aus der Studie geht hervor, dass sich stärker veredelte Druckprodukte positiv auf den Verbraucher auswirken können solange diese keine extremen Ausprägungen annehmen. Die höhere Wirksamkeit gegenüber keinen Veredelungen wird angenommen. Außerdem zeigen sich Wirkungsunterschiede innerhalb des visuellen und haptischen Sinnes. Daraus resultierend wird Druckereien empfohlen werbetreibenden Unternehmen von der verbesserten Wirksamkeit zu überzeugen. Diese können höhere Investitionen in Druckwerbeprodukte eingehen, da die entstehenden Mehrkosten durch den Marketingerfolg kompensiert werden. Dabei gilt es stets die Zielgruppenbestimmung im Auge zu behalten.
Problem: The thesis is about Marketing options for Sharklet retrofit at Airbus. Sharklets are wingtip devices which cut down on aerodynamic drag by reducing the vortices that are formed at the wingtips of any aircraft during flight.1 Airbus is looking for new Marketing options to increase sales of Sharklets. Market research findings from various fields will be highlighted and the relevance for Sharklet retrofit will be reviewed. The leading question during the thesis will be: How should Airbus continue to market Sharklets?
Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to describe which Sales and Marketing strategy Airbus uses at the moment and to find out where the weak points of the actual strategy are. Furthermore it will be analyzed what the actual brand image and brand communication of Airbus Sharklets is and whether it is in line with the desired brand identity. The thesis evaluates in which way Branding, Neuromarketing and Customer Journey Mapping can contribute to a better Marketing and Sales strategy.
Conclusion: Airbus should continue to market Sharklets by starting with a Customer Journey Map and figuring out what the customer is really looking for and how Airbus can react to the customers’ expectations. Sharklets should be marketed as wingtip devices that are environmentally friendly, fuel-saving and modern by guaranteeing that the Marketing material is consistent. Sharklets should be marketed not only on a rational basis. Emotional Marketing can be used to improve the brand image and the customer’s associations with the product. A mix of rational and emotional Marketing would be the best for Airbus to try how the customer reacts to emotional Marketing first. Last but not least Airbus should use the opportunity to better inform passengers about Sharklets and to provide input for In-flight-magazines to position the company itself and the customer as environmentally friendly and modern.
Die Thesis erarbeitet auf welchen Sprachen Bewerber*innen von globalen Unternehmen in Deutschland angesprochen werden. Es wird betrachtet, wie Sprachen im Medium der Stellenanzeige verwendet werden und welche Hintergründe der Nutzung der jeweiligen Sprachen zugrunde liegen. Darauf folgen die Ergebnisse der Analyse von 386 Stellenanzeigen von fünf global agierenden Unternehmen.
In der Analyse wurden der Textkörper der Anzeige und die Berufsbezeichnung einzeln betrachtet und auf die darin verwendete Sprache untersucht.
Die Analyse kommt zum Ergebnis, dass Bewerber*innen in Deutschland bilingual, auf Deutsch und auf Englisch angesprochen werden. Zusätzlich wird noch
die Verteilung der Stellenanzeigen auf verschiedene Einsatzbereiche berechnet.
Industrie 4.0 ist eine aktuelle Entwicklung in wirtschaftlichen Prozessen, die in den letzten Jahren mit zahlreichen Chancen für Unternehmen in Verbindung gebracht wurde. Industrie 4.0 meint die voranschreitende Digitalisierung in der Arbeitswelt hin zu einer Integration der digitalen und physischen Welt in Echtzeit. Die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Industrie 4.0 stellt Unternehmen vor die Herausforderung eines Veränderungsprozesses. Solche Veränderungsprozesse können in ihrem Verlauf auf Widerstand stoßen beziehungsweise diesen auslösen. Widerstand hat dabei das Potenzial, ein Veränderungsprojekt zum Scheitern zu bringen, aber auch, eine Veränderung zu einer sinnvollen und effektiven Umsetzung zu führen. Für eine erfolgreiche Gestaltung von Industrie 4.0 ist es daher eine relevante Frage, welche Aspekte dieser Entwicklung Widerstand auslösen können und worin dieser Widerstand konkret begründet liegt. Das Wissen über die Ursachen von Widerstand ist der erste Schritt für einen gelungenen Veränderungsprozess, der möglichen Widerständen vorbeugt oder diese konstruktiv einbindet. Neben einer situationsspezifischen Analyse einer Industrie-4.0-Umsetzung in einem Unternehmen, die mögliche Widerstandstrigger identifiziert, bewegen sich die wesentlichen Lösungsansätze für ein effektives Management von Widerstand in den Bereichen Partizipation und Qualifizierung. Diese Thesis bietet eine Grundlage für eine solche situationsspezifische Analyse, indem sie einen ausführlichen Überblick über die kontrovers diskutierten Auswirkungen von Industrie 4.0 gibt, die verschiedenen Formen und Ursachen von Widerstand erläutert und diese auf den Kontext Industrie 4.0 anwendet.
For the last hundred years an increasing number of women pushed into male dominated employment but today women still claim to face gender specific inequalities on many levels (Torre 2014). This shift to recruit more nontraditional work force once was generated by a mismatch of labor market demand and labor market supply as well as the economic pressure to be cost efficient. Nowadays it can be observed that employers are more sensitive to society valuation but still they are not able to prevent inequalities caused by sex distinction (Reskin 1993).
For thousands of years cash has been the only common payment method worldwide. From the markets of Ancient Rome to the itinerant tradesman of the Middle ages cash was indispensable. It was safe, easily transportable, and durable. Today, cash is considered a phase-out model. Newer, faster, more practical and, above all, more secure payment methods have long been available. Banks and governments in particular would like to abandon cash, as it is much easier to monitor electronic payment transactions than cash transactions. This results in concerns for many citizens, as they, especially the older generation, are still very attached to cash and still have difficulty using alternative payment methods.
However, the rise of electronic payment methods is unstoppable, all experts agree. This matter of fact and its input is an interesting and relevant topic for consumer research. This thesis examines the purchasing behavior of consumers using electronic payment cards. The cards do not differ in their external appearance, the difference lies in the components of the card and ensures that there are two types of cards of different weight. Cards which have the normal weight of this type of card and cards which are slightly heavier than the normal (standard) cards. The reason for the different weight of the cards is that objects of different weights are perceived differently by people. It is generally believed that heavier items are more valuable than light ones, probably due to the heaviness of metals such as gold and silver, which we humans generally consider as very valuable. The aim of this work is to find out if the weight of the cards which are intended for everyday use has an impact on the buying behavior of the consumers. This will be investigated scientifically with an empirical data analysis.
The aim of this thesis is to answer the question of how consumers can be influenced by influencers to purchase sustainable fashion. To this end, the following research question was posed: How do social media influencers influence consumers' attitudes, awareness, and purchase intentions toward sustainable fashion? In order to answer the research question, the main terms of the work were defined and explained. Through the use of multiple examples, sustainable influencers with different reach were analyzed. The results of this work showed that followers can be influenced to buy sustainable fashion by influencers on Instagram. Companies see influencer marketing as a high opportunity to achieve their business goals such as brand awareness and increasing sales. Based on this, it is recommendable to use influencers as a corporate strategy to raise awareness of sustainable fashion brands. In this way, sustainable companies can reach different target groups.
Dank sozialer Medien können Influencer eine grosse Reichweite und Bekanntheit aufbauen. Vor allem die jüngeren Zielgruppen fühlen sich von diesen Meinungsführern angezogen und bilden Scharen von Followern in den verschiedensten Themenbereichen. Immer mehr Firmen versprechen sich günstige und effiziente Werbung durch Kooperationen mit den Meinungsmachern. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll die Frage nach der Bedeutung von Influencer Marketing für Unternehmen in Deutschland geklärt werden. Die Forschungsmethode beinhaltet die Erarbeitung des theoretischen Hintergrunds, der anschließend anhand einer empirischen Untersuchung im Zuge einer Online-Befragung von Konsumenten überprüft wird. Die Ergebnisse der Studie bekräftigen den aktuelle Stellenwert der Influencer und das daraus resultierende Potenzial der Disziplin. Trotz Kritik an der Glaubwürdigkeit und Zweifel an der Objektivität von Influencern bei Kooperationen mit Unternehmen, bietet die Disziplin viele Vorteile wie die kostengünstige Reichweite und das Erreichen der gewünschten Zielgruppe ohne viel Streuverluste. Werbetreibende müssen sich jedoch anpassen und ihren Partnern genügend Vertrauen entgegenbringen, sodass die Zusammenarbeit Früchte tragen kann. Die Werbeform birgt Risiken wie potenzielle Shit-Storms bei schlechter Anwendung, aber auch Chancen wie die virale Steigerung der Bekanntheit und der Sichtbarkeit der Marke im Internet. Die Thematik ist heute schon höchst relevant und wird ihren Stellenwert hinsichtlich der zunehmenden Professionalisierung der Branche voraussichtlich weiterentwickeln. Bereits weit mehr als ein Trend hat Influencer Marketing das Potenzial, sich in Zukunft zu einer essentiellen Disziplin zu entwickeln.
Durch veränderte Rahmenbedingungen für die Gesellschaft verändern sich auch Lernprozesse in Unternehmen und dabei rückt informelles Lernen immer mehr in den Vordergrund. Dementsprechend gibt die vorliegende Arbeit einen Einblick in das Thema informelles Lernen in der betrieblichen Weiterbildung und stellt eine Handlungsempfehlung mit Maßnahmen zur Optimierung der informellen Lernprozesse sowie der informellen Lernangebote der ZF Friedrichshafen AG dar. Die ausführliche Literaturrecherche in Kombination mit der empirischen Untersuchung ergibt, dass informelles Lernen bereits ein fester Bestandteil des Arbeitsalltags der ZF-Mitarbeiter ist. Jedoch hat die Personalentwicklung Potenzial, die bestehenden informellen Lernangebote zu optimieren und neue innovative Lernmethoden, wie z. B. Micro-Learning und Mentoring, einzuführen.
The assembly process of the coverings of side members is the most defective process at the Plant Consolidation Center in Malsch. The difficulty is the high level of variance, the manual process control and that the components do not have a barcode. Since the labelling with a barcode is out of the question, an innovative process assurance for non system-based components by an automated photo documentation and photo plausibility should be found. The following specific questions have been posed:
1. What are the main sources of error in this process?
2. What innovative possibilities do exist to eliminate these main sources of error?
3. Is the installation of a process assurance technologically possible and economically efficient?
The main sources of error have been identified by an error analysis. These are: Taking out the right colour and variation of the coverings of side members, the assembly of the right or no trim and the right positioning of the components in the carrier of charge. The study concluded that the necessary functions of the innovative process assurance are the recognition of the colour and variation of the coverings of side members and the verification of their positions in the carrier of charge. To find out what innovative possibilities for a new process assurance do exist, the logistics trade fair „Motek“ has been visited and 13 providers has been invited to a viewing appointment. In practice, only one inspection system has achieved reliable process results. In order to that only one out of 13 providers submitted an offer. Since the payback and implementation period exceeds the contract period with the Daimler plant in Rastatt, it is not possible to generate savings within this time period. For that reason, the recommended course of action of this study is that fort he company the inspection system is only economically efficient in case of a contract extension.
While ESG investing has presented an impressive growth history within institutional investing in the past, this thesis aims to investigate whether impact investing could potentially mirror the ESG investing success story going forward. For that reason, the thesis analyses the past success of ESG investing and compares this to the less established investing practice of impact investing in order to find necessary requirements for the volume of impact investing to grow. After comparing the characteristics of ESG investing and impact investing and after analysing suitable asset classes and potential investors for both investment trends, four key success factors for the progress of institutional impact investing have been identified. These are (1) a general interest in society and the investment community for more direct social and environmental impact, (2) the existence of suitable investment products, (3) a regulatory framework that allows and incentivizes institutional investors to purchase impact investment products and (4) a mechanism with which impact investments products can be objectively classified and their impact can be objectively measured. While the first three success factors should not hinder the future growth of impact investing, the problem of objectively classifying and measuring an impact investment seems difficult to overcome in the near future.
This bachelor’s thesis examines the potential of integrating Global People Transitions GmbH’s RockMe! App in Global Mobility platforms and partner networks by means of a market analysis.
The theoretical background consists of giving insights on the basics of Global Mobility like policies, processes and challenges. It also provides knowledge on international assignment challenges and the impact of intercultural coaching on expatriates. Furthermore, the concept of the RockMe! App is explained and potential collaborators as well as competitors are presented.
The empirical part is based on qualitative data research through expert interviews with professionals who are working within the Global Mobility industry. The results of these interviews have been used for a market analysis to assess the business opportunity of integrating the RockMe! App in Global Mobility platforms and partner networks.
The research results show that a general interest in digital coaching and also for collaborations regarding an integration of the RockMe! App exists. Nevertheless, company-internal structures and bureaucratic hurdles need to be overcome beforehand and a possible integration needs to be discussed individually.
It has been common for retail firms to simultaneously operate multiple channels.
However, customers are increasingly demanding a seamless shopping experience and
cross-channel strategies have gained in importance for retailers across industries. It has
become evident that successful integration of online and offline channels can increase
customer loyalty and ensure a retailer’s long-term profitability. Although opportunities
presented by cross-channel retailing are diverse, until today only few retail companies
have successfully implemented such a strategy, as they face firm- and customer-related
limits. Thus, the purpose of this bachelor thesis is to provide a general understanding of
the concept of cross-channel retailing and to examine how new technologies can link
retailers’ sales channels on the one hand, but also pose major challenges on the other.
A literature review using academic journals, trade publications and academic books
provides valuable insights on the changes in customer shopping behaviour due to the
prevalence of new technologies and the consequences for retailers. Furthermore,
opportunities and limits of cross-channel retailing are critically examined following a
customer-centric approach. Primary research is conducted to illustrate customers’
experience with Artificial Intelligence in the form of a chatbot implemented by an US
apparel retailer. The thinking aloud method is used to gain insights into participants’
thought processes and to analyse the chatbot’s potential to replicate the experience
offered in a physical store. Findings include that showrooms and emerging technologies
such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics and beacons may present an opportunity
for retailers in the apparel industry, while privacy concerns, technology acceptance,
demographics and firm-related challenges need to be taken into account.
Due to continuous changes in consumer needs, new product development (NPD) and innovation are some of a company’s key factors of success and competitiveness. In order to be successful, companies have to understand consumer needs and ‘translate them into new products’1. If changing consumer perceptions and their requirements are not respected by a firm, a product’s sales will decrease as people no longer feel satisfied with the old product and require new functions. Therefore, a major task in business is being close to the customer. In order to collect ideas about product perceptions, institutions and departments within a company staying in direct contact with consumers can be essential. One department that represents a customer-oriented sector is sales, as their day-to-day business includes communication with customers.
However, failure rates of new product launches are still very high. According to a study of Serviceplan and Gfk where 265 newly launched products were analyzed, 70% of these failed and were no longer bought after only one year.2 A firm’s difficulties in generating ideas in the early stages of NPD have been ‘identified as major cause of notoriously high failure rates of new products’3. One possible reason is that information received by the sales department is not communicated clearly enough to Research & Development (R&D), which is in charge of developing new products. For this reason consumer needs are often not adequately integrated into the process of new product development and relevant information concerning their requirements can get lost.
The question as to how the customer-oriented sales department can be better involved into the process of new product development in order to ensure the success of new product introductions will be discussed in the following.
Die vorliegende wissenschaftliche Arbeit entstand im Rahmen einer Kooperation mit der Infoman AG, einem Beratungs- und IT-Lösungshaus im Bereich CRM. Angesichts kontinuierlicher Veränderungsprozesse und Innovationen im Bereich der Informationstechnologie, welche auch, verstärkt durch die enorme Geschwindigkeit des Marktes, eine hohe Komplexität der Branche nach sich ziehen, kommt der zu analysierenden Thematik eine hohe Aktualität zu. Die Ermittlung von Rahmenbedingungen und die Ableitung sich daraus ergebender Handlungsempfehlungen zur erfolgreichen Integration von Junioren (Hochschulabsolventen) in wissensintensive IT-Strukturen, stellt das primäre Ziel dieser Arbeit dar. Langfristig soll der Einarbeitungsprozess von Junioren bei der Infoman AG optimiert werden, damit Hochschulabsolventen in Zukunft eine Alternative zu erfahrenen Wissensarbeitern darstellen können, welche in der aktuellen Situation nur schwer am Arbeitsmarkt zu finden sind. Mithilfe qualitativer Leitfaden-Interviews mit den Führungskräften der Infoman AG, konnten wichtige Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich bisheriger Vorgehensweisen, Problemen und Verbesserungspotenzialen im Einarbeitungsprozess von Junioren gewonnen werden. Handlungsbedarf wurde v.a. in der Anpassung der Rahmenbedingungen durch das Unternehmen erkannt. Bei zukünftigen Modifizierungen des Einarbeitungskonzepts von Junioren sollten daher v.a. Einarbeitungsinstrumente und das Zielerreichungs-Modell (aufeinander) abgestimmt und angepasst sowie das Vorhandensein eines für den Junior passenden Projektes gewährleistet werden.
What is integrity and how does it impact the individual, culture or organization? Research has shown that the presence of integrity tend to correlate with positive outcomes in the business or private life, regardless of the surrounding. Additionally, integrity impacts and shapes the individual or organization behavior. The paper aims to determine how important integrity role in leadership is and wether it matters to perceive it as a must-have value. For this study, an in-depth review of secondary literature was conducted. The secondary data was collected in two approaches, online and offline. Thorough analysis of the data showed a tendency of integrity in leadership.