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Course of studies
- IBW - Internationale Betriebswirtschaft (59)
- IBM - International Business Management (35)
- BMP - Business Management and Psychology (22)
- IMM - International Management (14)
- APE - Advanced Precision Engineering (8)
- MBA - International Business Management (8)
- AIN - Allgemeine Informatik (2)
- MZT - Mikromedizintechnik (2)
- DIM - Design Interaktiver Medien (1)
- MIM - Medieninformatik (1)
Climate change, commodity price volatility and scarcity of natural resources are some of the clear signals that indicate the unsustainability of the traditional linear economy.
Manufacturing companies in the European Union are becoming aware of playing a key role at the heart of these problems, as they are responsible of determining the impact that products have on the environment and on the economy, during their first lifecycle and after. Manufacturers therefore started to acknowledge the possibility of adapting their business model to circular strategies. The main objective of circular economy is the decoupling of economic growth from natural resources while providing economic and environmental prosperity. This study aims to determine whether circular economy can represent a viable alternative to the current linear economic system in the context of European manufacturing sector. To answer this question, a literature review was conducted to gather qualitative existing data that has been selected according to relevance and analyzed.
The results showed that circular economy has the potential to be successfully applied to the European manufacturing sector, representing a prosperous alternative to the traditional linear economy.
Sustainability first caught greater attention when the Brundtland commission first published their report “Our Common Future”. Since then, a lot has been done to fight against climate change. Sustainability has become one major issue in the daily business of companies. One industry that is surely going to change as a cause of the increased awareness of sustainability issues is the automotive industry. The disruptive electrification push plays an important role in the fast changing industry. E- mobility solutions as a means for more sustainable mobility are demanded more and more by customers. Also, governments shape the change in the industry with new regulations, bonus payments for buying electric cars and their emission targets. All this might sooner or later push traditional combustion engine cars out of the market. New players like Tesla focusing only on electric vehicles are entering the market and traditional car companies are changing their business towards e-mobility as well. That this change works well, companies also will need a well-developed marketing as well as brand positioning strategy and this is where the concept of green marketing kicks in. Broadly spoken, green marketing is the marketing of products that minimize the negative effects on our environment. Therefore, the thesis is generally researching the details of literature on green marketing and brand positioning. Later on, a detailed transition to the automotive industry is made with the analyzing of the three companies Volkswagen, BMW and Tesla. The thesis works out how those three companies managed to transfer their marketing mix into a green one and how this then affected their brand positioning. The thesis discusses the findings critically and gives implications for theory and practice as well as a guide to what needs to be done to be recognized as a green player in the automotive industry.
Low profitability is one of the major problems of the airline industry and one approach to solve it is that selling ancillary services to passengers which is called a-la-carte pricing. While this strategy has had some success in terms of additional revenue generation, especially for the low-cost airlines, full-service airlines struggle to implement this approach since their brand image is equivalent to better comfort and complimentary services served to their customers. Therefore, a new and possibly more effective strategy about the ancillary services comes into play which is called the a-la-carte options strategy. This strategy suggests rather than removing the complimentary ancillary services, the airlines can offer a certain number of reward miles to their frequent flyer program members to not choose to use that free ancillary service. By doing that the customer would receive free reward miles and the airlines would save from a substantial cost factor from ancillary services since the reward miles are low-cost for them. In this research, the potential cost reduction of a-la-carte options, optimal mile offer, and the possible customer reaction for launching the strategy are examined. First, potential cost reduction is calculated with real scenarios and flights. Second, customer responses are assessed with a survey conducted. The results show that a-la-carte options strategy can be highly effective on cost-cutting and customers tend to accept and use this strategy. Therefore, a-la-carte options strategy is potentially a good and effective instrument to fight the sector’s long-standing profitability problem by decreasing ancillary service and other customer service operation costs.
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to find out if Lidl is well prepared for the future challenges in the retail sector. Change management plays an important role, as implementing new aspects into a business requires change. As change management is a well-covered topic, the goal was to understand how change management works and what kind of problems might come up in theory. By interviewing experts within Lidl, it was aimed to find out where Lidl is positioned compared to the competition and what potential plans are ahead but also what kinds of challenges Lidl as a company is facing. It shows that implementing change requires good shareholder management, communication but also understanding the market to know which change makes sense or not. At the end the goal is to define risks and to assess if Lidl is well positioned to maintain the success.
Die digitale Disruption ist in vollem Gange und dies nicht nur für Konzerne, sondern auch für mittelständische Unternehmen. Künstliche Intelligenz nimmt hierbei eine wichtige Rolle ein. Aus diesem Grund sollten Mittelständler den Anschluss nicht verpassen, damit deren gegenwärtiger und zukünftiger Erfolg nicht darunter leidet.
Das Ziel in der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es zu beantworten, welche Möglichkeiten es im Rechnungswesen gibt, auf welchem aktuellen Stand mittelständische Unternehmen hinsichtlich der KI-Anwendungen im Rechnungswesen sind und vor welchen Herausforderungen sie stehen. Darüber hinaus, werden zum einen die Chancen und Risiken, die sich durch solch eine intelligente Technologie ergeben, veranschaulicht und die Auswirkungen auf den zukünftigen Beruf des Controllers beleuchtet.
Dazu wurde eine qualitative Studie mit Experten aus mittelständischen Unternehmen durchgeführt. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde deutlich, dass der Einsatz von KI in mittelständischen Unternehmen im Rechnungswesen gering ist. Dies betrifft insbesondere das Controlling, da in diesem Bereich bislang gar keine KI-Technologien zum Einsatz kommen. Das fehlende Know-how, das Fehlen eines Verantwortungsbereichs, der für die Ideensammlung von KI-Einsatzfeldern zuständig ist und die Priorisierung von anderen Bereichen mit der Ausstattung von KI-Anwendungen sind unter anderem Gründe hierfür. Das zeigt, dass das Potential, welches im Rechnungswesen herrscht, nicht vollständig genutzt wird. Dadurch werden Chancen, wie die der Mitarbeiterentlastung und der damit verbundenen Verbesserung der Analysetätigkeiten außen vor gelassen. Zusätzlich wurde durch die Studie ersichtlich, dass der Beruf des Controllers in mittelständischen Unternehmen noch immer derselbe ist, obwohl davon ausgegangen wird, dass sich dieser aufgrund der digitalen Transformation zukünftig ändern wird. Dies hat zur Folge, dass Controller in mittelständischen Unternehmen derzeit hinzukommende Aufgaben selbst übernehmen müssen, da Fachkräfte, die hierfür zuständig wären, dem Arbeitsmarkt nicht ausreichend zur Verfügung stehen.
By researching the influence of heuristics and biases on investment decisions and performance of investors in the exchange, this paper contributes to the field of behavioral finance. The paper adopts a generalized perspective on investors and markets in the exchange and provides insights into investors’ decision-making behavior that challenge the traditional assumption of perfectly rational market agents. Thus, it presents statistically significant evidence that investors may not resemble the concept of perfect rationality, as they use heuristics and comply with the prospect theory in investment decisions. Therefore, these decisions are shaped by systematic errors known as biases. The paper’s focus comprises the heuristics of availability, representativeness and anchoring and adjustment as well as the prospect theory. These psychological concepts are investigated for their impact on investment decisions and for subsequent effects on investors’ performances. The investment performance, for this purpose, is measured by investors’ returns. In addition, these psychological elements are studied comparatively to detect interrelations between them and to identify differences in the magnitude with which they influence investment decisions of distinct groups of investors. The paper involves an analysis of quantitative primary data collected by an international survey. Thus, a sample of 297 investors with different characteristics is analyzed. Although the study reveals that investors in the exchange behave according to the considered psychological elements in their investment decisions without differences between groups, it does not show that this entails performance-inhibiting consequences. However, a negative relationship between the investors’ age and their compliance with these elements is found.
This thesis is motivated by the possibility for individuals to diversify their saving methods to allow for more financial safety, by investing into company stocks. If chosen well, stock investments offer attractive returns and prospects, however this choice can be daunting, and assistance may be required. In the context of other options that assist in decision-making related to stock options, this research aims to design and implement a relational database, that offers a transparent overview of financial information of stocks, developed to assist individuals in making decisions for investments in the stock market. The database should also be maintainable. After the design, implementation, and enhancement of the database with data, the database was tested for functionality, maintainability, and transparency. Then, application examples were constructed to examine the usability of the concept to assist with decision-making, aiming to create consistent positive returns within the created portfolios. It was found that the database fulfilled all desired characteristics and produced positive returns in the application examples. However, the ability of creating consistent outcomes was not given. These results indicate that the database can be used to organize stock-related information, however, is not usable to assist with decision-making.
Global collaborations are becoming increasingly relevant in product projects. Therefore it is necessary to understand the different project management approaches on how global projects are carried out and what the differences are.
This bachelor thesis is a review of two project management manuals, which were designed by the company itself, on how project management at an internationally operating commercial vehicle manufacturer works with the focus being on time and risk management.
The aim of this thesis is to give recommended actions which improve the project steering, collaboration and the general approach in regards of time and risk management.
To achieve this goal a review of both project management manuals as well as expert interviews were carried out. Qualitative expert interviews were conducted with German- and English-speaking colleagues from different plant locations all around the world. Specifically, 12 questions included background knowledge and project work knowledge and were related to the two manuals, with the focus being on time and risk. The interviewees were required to be actively involved in at least one project and therefore have project work experience and thus are using one of the own project management manuals.
The answers of the interviews, as well as the current manuals contribute to the findings and based on the findings, it is recommended to create an example project for training purposes, to create a list of projects in order to divide the work, to use sprints or detailed planning, to focus on five top risks, to create a social intranet page dedicated to project management and to create a clear meeting plan in advance.
Moving places in cars impacts human activity daily. Therefore, living in a world without cars is inconceivable. While demand for cars exists, supply experiences shortcomings. Customers receive their vehicles with only one key or must deal with long delivery times. There is a correlation between the car industry, supply shortfalls and the current state of the world regarding COVID-19. The objectives of this research are examining how the semiconductor chip shortage affected sales and production of German car manufacturers and what strategic conclusions can be drawn for the future. To reach the objectives a quantitative theory analysis of existing literature was applied. The chosen car manufacturers are Audi AG, BMW AG, and Mercedes-Benz Group AG.
The results show that all objects to the research topic experienced a decline in production and sales. Further, that the semiconductor shortage, mainly anticipated by the pandemic, revealed the fragility of supply networks of the automotive industry. Different strategic attempts may cure supply chain management issues as such; however, it depends on the evaluation of the automotive industry whether this crisis carries a sustainable effect with its presence or not.
The aim of the thesis is to apply the theoretical ideas of the internal analysis and the blue ocean strategy to the case of Nintendo and their then newly released Wii console. In doing so the author will address the question about the success of a console that became a worldwide success despite its technical inferiority compared to its competitors based on the swift in the corporate strategy including the internal strengths of the company.
It will explain in detail how the internal analysis can be used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a company which when combined with a specific business strategy, can lead to sustainable competitive advantage and the creation of a blue ocean.
For this purpose, the author uses the internal analysis tools of the value chain such as the VRIO framework as well as the blue ocean strategy derived by Kim and Mauborgne.
In the context of the Thesis I helped myself above all with the books of the creators of the models. In addition, from Internet sources and newspaper reports since one finds in the context of the investigation for consoles few technical literature.
During my application of the models I finally came to the conclusion that Nintendo has implemented the theoretical models in the best possible way and on the basis of these it is possible to follow the process of company restructuring. Moreover, through the theoretical models it was possible to validate the strengths and weaknesses of the company and to put them in context.
This master´s thesis focuses on the development of a competitor analysis process as a proposal for the business unit “Power and Energy Solutions”. As a new business approach for the Marquardt Group in the fast-growing and trending electromobility market, it is essential to develop a process to optimize the identification and assessment of competitors in order to obtain relevant information needed to build competitive advantages and plan business strategy.
This study highlights the essential information to be collected on competitors as well as the importance and benefits of conducting an analysis. A proper competitive analysis consists of considering and understanding certain external aspects surrounding the competitor. The structure of the industry, the company's current position, the customers and suppliers are key factors that have to be considered in order to conduct a successful competitive analysis. In addition, this thesis shows the steps and the main elements to contemplate in order to successfully perform a process within the company.
A qualitative research methodology has been applied for this thesis, in which literature review has been conducted and expert opinions and experiences have been included. The information has been collected through primary and secondary sources, with the aim of understanding the current situation of the business unit and obtaining relevant literature on the topic from reliable and accurate sources. Moreover, action research has been carried out in order to link theory and practice to provide a solution.
This master's thesis offers a proposal for the competitor analysis process, outlining seven stages to be followed. They have been established as a result of the evaluation and integration of the literature review and the current situation of the business. In addition, a conceptual framework has been designed as a concentration and visual representation of the best practices and methods to provide structure and support each stage of the process.
The implementation and constant utilization of the process will allow the development of a standardized system that ensures effective analysis in the business context. Moreover, it will provide a comprehensive analysis of competitors and their surroundings, as well as improvements and transparency in collaboration and practices within the company. Consequently, it will ensure a positive impact on the business unit for decision making and building competitive advantages.
Vor dem Hintergrund der Coronakrise als erster Bewährungsprobe des internationalen Rechnungslegungsstandards IFRS 9 nach dem Scheitern des Vorgängerstandards IAS 39 in der Finanzkrise wird in dieser Arbeit untersucht, inwiefern der neue Standard im Hinblick auf die Bildung der Risikovorsorge in Krisenzeiten erfolgreicher ist als sein Vorgänger. Dabei bezieht sich der Erfolg des IFRS 9 auf die Erfüllung der an ihn gestellten Anforderungen. So wird geprüft, inwiefern dessen Risikovorsorge eine geringere Prozyklizität aufweist als jene nach IAS 39. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, ob in der Praxis eine zeitnahe Verlusterfassung bei der Bildung von Risikovorsorge erfolgt und ob IFRS 9 Transparenz gewährleisten kann. Dabei werden Finanzdaten von dreizehn Banken aus jeweils unterschiedlichen Ländern analysiert. Bei deren Auswertung werden zusätzlich die jeweilige länderspezifische Krisenbelastung und nicht-numerische Informationen der bankspezifischen Anhänge berücksichtigt. Es wird festgestellt, dass IFRS 9 in der Coronakrise insgesamt eine geringere Prozyklizität aufweist als IAS 39 in der Finanzkrise, wobei einzelne Ausnahmen wohl auf diskretionäres Bilanzierungsverhalten zurückzuführen sind. Darüber hinaus zeigt IFRS 9 in der Praxis eine überwiegend zeitnahe Verlusterfassung in der Krise, wobei eine verspätete Erfassung vermutlich dem jeweiligen Belastungsgrad der Krise geschuldet ist. In einigen Fällen scheint es jedoch zu Intransparenz in Form von etwaigen Diskrepanzen zwischen der jeweiligen Krisensituation und den vorgenommenen Risikovorsorgen durch die Ausübung von Ermessensspielräumen zu kommen. Somit kommt die Arbeit zu dem Schluss, dass IFRS 9 zwar die Grundlage für ein erfolgreicheres Krisenmanagement in der Coronakrise schafft, als es IAS 39 in der Finanzkrise gelungen ist, dieses allerdings nicht gewährleistet. Vielmehr ist es erforderlich, dass der Standard von den bilanzierenden Banken ordnungsgemäß und zielführend angewendet wird.
Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde mit dem Ziel erstellt, einen Einblick zu Auswirkungen von sieben verschiedenen Führungsstilen auf den Unternehmenserfolg zu gewinnen und festzustellen, ob es kulturelle Unterschiede gibt. In einem ersten Schritt wurden zum besseren Verständnis des Themas theoretische Konzepte vorgestellt. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde eine quantitative Studie durchgeführt, in der die Mitarbeitermotivation in Relation zu verschiedenen Führungsverhaltensmustern, -stilen und -eigenschaften gemessen wurde. Es zeigte sich, dass der transformationale, der demokratische, der charismatische und der transaktionale Führungsstil einen positiven Einfluss auf die Motivation, d. h. auf den Unternehmenserfolg, haben. Im Gegensatz dazu haben der autokratische, der bürokratische und der Laissez-faire Führungsstil einen negativen Einfluss auf den unternehmerischen Erfolg. Im Allgemeinen scheint sich vor allem der transformationale Führungsstil sehr positiv auf den Unternehmenserfolg auszuwirken, ebenso wie in geringerem Maße der demokratische und der charismatische Führungsstil. Dennoch können in verschiedenen Situationen, insbesondere bei Routineaufgaben, der transaktionale, autokratische oder bürokratische Führungsstil eine verbesserte Wirkung haben.
Was die kulturellen Unterschiede betrifft, so wurde festgestellt, dass insbesondere die asiatische Gruppe andere Vorstellungen von Führungsstilen und deren Auswirkungen auf die Motivation hat als die europäische oder lateinamerikanische Gruppe. Asiatische Teilnehmer bewerteten Führungsstile, die Mitbestimmung vorsehen, generell niedriger und Führungsstile, die keine Mitbestimmung vorsehen, höher als ihre europäischen oder lateinamerikanischen Kollegen. Aufgrund der geringen Anzahl nicht-deutscher Teilnehmer sind die Ergebnisse nicht übermäßig aussagekräftig, bieten aber einen Anreiz für weitere Forschung in diesem Bereich.
Artificial Intelligence is becoming an increasingly important part of everyday life and is considered a matter of course by many people. Since it can be assumed that artificial intelligence will play an increasingly central role in business in the future, this paper aims to investigate the intersection between AI and Digital Sales Technologies through a systematic literature review. This thesis identified 32 relevant articles through an extensive literature search in the databases Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. Through the detailed analysis of these 32 articles, the following four topic clusters could be identified: “Application Layer, Social Layer, Challenges, and Futuristic Layer”. Based on these layers, the developed research questions were answered successfully, and the following conclusions were drawn: AI is already being used in Digital Sales Technologies in numerous ways, for instance through voice assistants like Alexa. In addition, various changes for consumers and salespeople were identified, that accompany the adoption of AI in Digital Sales Technologies. Furthermore, this thesis provides an answer to which challenges this integration brings and how AI will influence Digital Sales Technologies in the future. Finally, research gaps for future research are identified based on the collected findings from the literature review.
With the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns, the relevance of remote working has increased dramatically. The goal of this thesis is to answer the key question of what remote leadership looks like in German companies while also offering an outlook at the future of remote working.
In the first part of the paper, a literature review introduces the reader to current findings on digital transformation, leadership, remote working, remote leadership and the digital readiness of Germany.
In the second part, an interview study with ten leaders in German companies reveals how they think about and what suggestions they have on the remote leadership role, leading remotely, remote work as a concept, Germany as a place for remote working, future flexible working models and the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The results of this study show that the most common remote leadership approaches in German organizations seem to be democratic and transformational. Furthermore, remote employees need more feedback and motivation than office-based employees. Working times of remote employees are controlled less strictly while results become even more important. Instead of being controllers and supervisors, remote leaders are often becoming team players. Lastly, hybrid remote working models are here to stay after the pandemic.
Future research on the topic could look at remote leadership from an employee perspective or survey larger participant groups about remote leadership to gain a broader view on the topic.
Die Welt verändert sich und mit ihr die Arbeitnehmer:innen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Noch nie gab es die Situation, dass vier Generationen gleichzeitig in der Arbeitswelt tätig sind. In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird jedoch ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Generation Z gelegt, deren Werte und Bedürfnisse sich deutlich von denen der vorherigen Generationen unterscheiden. Viele Führungskräfte älterer Generationen, wie der Babyboomer-, X- und Y-Generation, sehen sich dadurch vor Herausforderungen gestellt, weshalb es das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, Learnings und Best Practice-Beispiele für Führungskräfte in der Vertriebsregion 13 der Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG zu identifizieren, die ihnen helfen, die Mitarbeitende der Generation Z in Zukunft besser zu verstehen und ihre Führung gegebenenfalls zu verändern oder anzupassen. Mit Hilfe dieser Learnings und Best Practice-Beispiele sollen die Führungskräfte ihre Mitarbeitende der Generation Z besser verstehen, damit sich die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Führungskräften und den jungen Verkäufer:innen verbessert.
Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage und der Hypothese wurde eine qualitative Studie in der Vertriebsregion 13 durchgeführt. Die Studie zeigte, dass sich die Generation Z einen Führungsstil wünscht, bei dem Ziele gemeinsam definiert werden, gleichzeitig aber auch Raum für Selbstverwirklichung, Mitbestimmung und Mitgestaltung bleibt. Darüber hinaus müssen Führungskräfte ihr Verständnis und parallel dazu ihr Vertrauen gegenüber der Generation Z erweitern und verstehen, dass die neue junge Generation auf dem Arbeitsmarkt digitaler, globaler und zukunftsorientierter ist und durch Sinnhaftigkeit und vor allem immaterielle Werte motiviert wird. Jede Generation hat ihre eigenen Bedürfnisse und Perspektiven. Indem er diese aufgreift und die Perspektiven eines Teams miteinander verknüpft, kann die Führungskraft das Beste aus allen herausholen.
The current dashboard reporting of the Key Account Management of Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG indicates that management reporting in companies is still characterized by extensive manual effort, although various digitalization technologies offer possibilities to make reporting more efficient and effective. Therefore, this thesis deals with the digital transformation of controlling and primarily one of its central components - reporting. The main technologies available for reporting purposes will be identified by examining relevant literature. Regarding the manual dashboard reporting of the Key Account Management of Adolf Würth GmbH & Co.KG, requirements and recommendations for the conceptualization and implementation of a digital reporting will be described and summarized. It can be stated that the requirements differ from traditional reporting in many aspects, and it is recognizable that an interaction of different dashboard reporting elements is essential to establish a successful, digital reporting solution. As a result, it has been shown that an automated dashboard based on a BI-infrastructure has led to an enhancement in productivity and an extended information basis. Furthermore, it will be discussed that the challenges of new processes are driving controllers to extend their competence profiles.
Die Auswirkungen von Gender und Diversität auf die Arbeitswelt und wie Führungspositionen diese zum Vorteil nutzen können, haben in den letzten Jahren an Wichtigkeit gewonnen. Rechtliche Grundlagen bieten bereits eine Basis zur Entwicklung einer vielfältigen Gesellschaft und Arbeitswelt. Damit eine Führungskraft Diversity-Management bzw. Gender-Mainstreaming zielgerecht einsetzen kann, benötigt dies das grundlegende Verständnis über die Geschlechtervielfalt und die stark umstrittene gendergerechte Sprache. Unternehmen und dessen Führungskräfte müssen die Komplexität der Diversität verstehen, um mithilfe von Diversity-Management, Diskriminierung und Chancenungleichheit, wie dem Gender Pay Gap entgegenzuwirken. Der Wissensstand der Gesellschaft zum Thema Gender und Diversity in Bezug auf die Arbeitswelt wurde mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens erstellt. Die Auswertung der Daten zeigt eine grundlegende Kenntnis der Teilnehmer und deren Arbeitgeber.
Die Kooperation zwischen Start-ups und etablierten Unternehmen in Form von Corporate Venturing hat in den letzten Jahren weiter an Interesse gewonnen. Diese Zusammenarbeit ist mit zahlreichen vorteilhaften Aspekten für beide Parteien verbunden, die die Unternehmen für sich zu nutzen versuchen. Um die Zusammenarbeit so erfolgreich wie möglich zu gestalten, war das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Beantwortung folgender Forschungsfragen: Zunächst galt es herauszufinden, welche Corporate Venturing Instrumente von Start-ups im verarbeitenden Gewerbe bei der Kooperation mit etablierten Unternehmen eingesetzt werden. Darauf aufbauend wurde die Frage „Welche Handlungsempfehlungen können Start-ups im verarbeitenden Gewerbe zum Einsatz von Corporate Venturing Tools gegeben werden?“ beantwortet.
Eine qualitative Studie unterstützt die Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen, indem sie Einblicke in die praktische Anwendung von Corporate Venturing bei Kooperationen mit befragten Start-ups im verarbeitenden Gewerbe gibt. Die Fragen in den Interviews und Online-Umfragen wurden sowohl offen als auch geschlossen gestellt und richteten sich nach der Innovationsphase, in der sich das Unternehmen befindet, sowie den Motiven für eine Zusammenarbeit, der Art und Dauer der Kooperation und den Erfahrungen mit den eingesetzten Corporate Venturing Tools. Demnach können Start-ups nach Innovationsphase, Innovations- und Kooperationszielen sowie dem damit verbundenen Bedarf an individueller Unterstützung den einzelnen Kooperationsinstrumenten zugeordnet werden, um durch den gezielten Einsatz dieser Instrumente eine effiziente und zielgerichtete Zusammenarbeit beider Parteien zu ermöglichen.
Seit Ausbruch der Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Krise Ende 2019 hat sich nicht nur das Privatleben, sondern auch der Arbeitsalltag von Menschen auf der ganzen Welt
drastisch verändert. Seither setzen viele Unternehmen auf Homeoffice (HO), um das
Infektionsgeschehen einzudämmen. Diese Arbeit widmet sich der Frage, ob HO für Arbeitnehmende ein Arbeitsmodell darstellt, welches von Unternehmen auch in einer Zukunft nach der Covid-19-Krise weitreichend ermöglicht werden sollte. Hierzu wird zunächst die Entwicklung von HO vor und während sowie die prognostizierte Entwicklung nach der Covid-19-Krise aufgezeigt. Eine Untersuchung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes liefert einen weitreichenden Überblick über die Chancen und Risiken,
welche das Arbeitsmodell HO für Arbeitnehmende birgt. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass es sowohl umfassende Chancen als auch Risiken gibt, deren Erfüllung jedoch stark von
verschiedenen Faktoren, wie beispielsweise der Aufgabentätigkeit, abhängt. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit werden daher sechs Hypothesen, mit Fokus auf den Faktoren HO-Intensität und Wohnsituation, anhand eines Online-Fragebogens unter 147
Arbeitnehmenden getestet. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass die HO-Intensität und die
Wohnsituation die Konstrukte Produktivität, berufliche Isolation, Konflikte zwischen
Familie und Arbeit und HO-bedingte Erschöpfung bei ungleichen Rahmenbedingungen
kaum beeinflussen. Im Allgemeinen sollten Unternehmen in einer Zukunft nach der Covid-19-Krise HO insofern ermöglichen, dass sie den Arbeitnehmenden individuell angepasste Regelungen anbieten. Diese müssen sowohl den Bedürfnissen und Kompetenzen der Arbeitnehmenden als auch an die Unternehmens- und Führungskultur angepasst werden.
SPACs are an alternative way for companies to access the capital market. They have experienced a boom since 2020, and in the following year 613 SPACs raised more than $160 billion in the US. However, SPACs are controversial and have been criticized for bad performance and incentive misalignments. This bachelor thesis aims to examine whether the current US SPAC boom is a temporary phenomenon or whether SPACs represent a long-term alternative to the traditional IPO process. To answer this research question, a literature review and 14 semi-structured expert interviews were conducted to explore the reasons for the boom, the advantages and disadvantages for companies seeking to go public, and the winner and losers of the SPAC process. This work shows that SPACs had already gained acceptance in the market before the boom, and it argues that SPACs are a viable alternative to the traditional IPO process for young, risky companies due to the regulatory advantages and the support of SPAC sponsors. In addition, the majority of key SPAC stakeholders are winning in the SPAC process and are likely to continue to support the market in the future. At the same time, this paper finds that the Corona pandemic was an important catalyst for the SPAC market, but that the associated reasons for the boom will probably recede. Moreover, PIPE investors will be more selective in the future and sponsors without appropriate expertise and network will have to liquidate their SPACs more often. This bachelor thesis therefore concludes that SPACs will continue to exist. However, there will be fewer and higher quality SPACs in the future.
Digitalization is currently taking place in all areas of the business environment. This thesis aims to provide an overview of digitalization in the field of controlling, specifically focusing on the use business intelligence (BI) dashboards. Embracing digitalization by implementing BI enables companies to transform the way in which data and information relevant for decision making is procured and managed. The utilization of a BI solution to conduct complex analyses is exemplified by the conceptualization and development of a BI dashboard for assessing the consolidation effect at Bosch Rexroth AG. The importance of designing an effective dashboard according to its purpose in a simple, clear and intuitive way as a front-end application of a BI solution is emphasized. Furthermore, five different potential roles for the controller that arise as digitization progresses are identified, all of which require an expansion of the controller's IT capabilities.
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to theoretically compare the most important sourcing strategies in the field of recruitment with regard to their effectiveness and then to empirically test them. Four different sourcing strategies are examined by analyzing their opportunities, risks and success factors. Using the findings from the literature review, the strategies are assigned to specific employee groups for which they are most suitable and effective. These match-ups consequently form the four hypotheses, which will be investigated by conducting a quantitative survey in the empirical part of this thesis. In addition, the survey project will provide further insights into the most effective instruments and important selection criteria for sourcing strategies, so that recommendations for action can be made.
Die Verfolgung einer klaren Transferstrategie kann laut mehreren Studien den sportlichen und wirtschaftlichen Output eines Fußballklubs erhöhen. In dieser Arbeit sollen die relevanten Faktoren für die Entwicklung und Verfolgung solcher Transferstrategien herausgearbeitet werden. Hierfür wird das Thema durch den Literaturteil in den Gesamtkontext des Profifußballbereichs eingebettet, wobei verschiedene Aspekte wie zum Beispiel die Kommerzialisierung des Fußballs oder der Ablauf des Transferprozesses betrachtet werden. Danach werden im empirischen Teil die Durchführung und Ergebnisse von neun Interviews mit Experten aus dem Bereich der Kaderplanung dargestellt. Die Interpretation und Diskussion der Ergebnisse sowie der Vergleich mit der Literatur zeigen, dass Alter, Entwicklungsstand und Kosten eines Spielers für strategische Transferentscheidungen relevant sind. Entscheidend ist außerdem die Ausrichtung der Strategie nach den Zielsetzungen und Rahmenbedingungen des Vereins. Zu beachten ist schließlich, dass eine klare Definition der Strategie zwar sinnvoll ist, eine flexible Anpassung an externe und interne Veränderung dabei aber gewährleistet bleiben muss.
Die vorliegende Arbeit ermöglicht eine Erkenntnis über die Herausforderungen, die die chinesischen Unternehmen AliExpress und Shein implizieren und den aktuellen Erfolg auf dem Markt, der durch angewandte Strategien bestehend bleibt. Das Ziel der Arbeit umfasst die Herausforderungen der beiden Unternehmen, die diese ihren Kunden gegenüberstellen und den angewandten Marketing-Strategien, die grundlegend dafür sind, Problematiken als primärer Kunden nicht allzu kritisch aufzufassen. Für die Analyse wurden Problemfelder dargestellt und anhand einer Umfrage diskutiert. Die Analyse bietet einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen, dennoch sind Optimierungsansätze nicht vollständig realisierbar. Die steigende Popularität der beiden Online-Shops ist auf bestehende Strategien zurückzuführen und diese sollen auch weiterhin ausgeführt werden und die Schwierigkeiten überwiegen.
Die Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG konnte in den letzten Jahren ein stetiges Unternehmenswachstum verzeichnen, welches sich in den verschiedenen Fachbereichen widerspiegelt. Aufgrund von steigenden Mitarbeiterzahlen und den zunehmend gesetzlichen, tariflichen und betrieblichen Vorgaben mussten über die letzten Jahrzehnte durch den Fachbereich Personalzeitwirtschaft eine große Anzahl an systemseitigen Anpassungen vorgenommen werden, welche zu einer anwachsend komplexeren und verwobenen Struktur des Zeitwirtschaftssystems führten.
Um eine ordnungsgemäße Zeitwirtschaft und korrekte Abrechnungsergebnisse zu gewährleisten, sowie das Qualitätsniveau der Personalzeitwirtschaft der Porsche AG auszubauen, wurde die SAP-Anwendung Testautomatisierung erworben. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Eigenentwicklung des Konzernpartners Audi AG.
Die vorliegende Arbeit begleitet den noch anhaltenden Implementierungsprozess des Qualitätsmanagementtools in den Zeitwirtschaftsbereich der Porsche AG. Sie zeigt hierbei die Entwicklungsperspektiven des Personalzeitwirtschaftsbereiches der Porsche AG anhand des Qualitätsmanagementtools auf. Zudem überprüft sie die Übereinstimmung der Erwartungsperspektive des Fachbereichs gegenüber der Erfahrungsperspektive der Audi AG. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit liegt darin, die Softwareanwendung Testautomatisierung zu analysieren und ihre zukünftige Auswirkung auf den Personalzeitwirtschaftsbereich der Porsche AG zu erfassen. Die Arbeit vermittelt zunächst ein grundlegendes Qualitätsverständnis, bevor sie einen Ausblick über den Bereich Zeitwirtschaft der Porsche AG gibt, in welchem das Tool zukünftig zum Einsatz kommen wird. Im Anschluss wird die Anwendung der Testautomatisierung vorgestellt. Durch die Aufstellung verschiedener Forschungshypothesen und deren Bewertung unter der Zuhilfenahme von Experteninterviews werden anschließend die Entwicklungsperspektiven für den Zeitwirtschaftsbereich der Porsche AG aufgezeigt.
Aufgrund des fortschreitenden demografischen Strukturwandels erhöht sich bereits heute und vor allem auch in der Zukunft der Stellenwert der Personalbeschaffung in einem Unternehmen, da sich immer weniger qualifizierte Arbeitskräfte auf dem Arbeitsmarkt befinden. Um die wenigen Arbeitskräfte als Bewerber zu gewinnen, beziehungsweise den Bewerberkreis zu erhöhen und möglichst groß zu halten, können unterschiedliche Kanäle genutzt werden. Zahlreiche vorhandene Studien hierzu betrachten den Einsatz solcher Kanäle. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es herauszufinden, welcher Kanal die meisten Bewerbungen hervorbringen und somit auf ein Unternehmen oder auf eine offene Stelle aufmerksam machen kann. Dabei wird zwischen traditionellen offline Kanälen und internet-basierten online Kanälen unterschieden. Die empirische Forschung setzt sich zusammen aus einer Befragung von 10 Unternehmen sowie einem Fragebogen aus Sicht der Bewerber mit 163 Teilnehmenden. Beide Methoden kommen schlussendlich zu dem Ergebnis, dass die internet-basierten online Kanäle (Unternehmenswebsite, Internet-Stellenbörsen und soziale Medien) mehr Bewerbungen im Unternehmen generieren und auch durch Bewerber mehr genutzt werden, um bei der Stellensuche auf ein Unternehmen aufmerksam zu werden, als die traditionellen offline Kanäle (Printmedien, Mitarbeiterempfehlung, eigene Netzwerke, Karrieremesse und Bundesagentur für Arbeit). Dennoch sollte ein Unternehmen nicht nur einen Kanal bewerben, sondern je nach offener Stelle einen Mix aus den verschiedenen Kanälen einsetzen.
DE-Medialisierung als ethisches Handeln : Wie wir die Digitalisierung unbewusst gestalten können
(2022)
Ohne Arzt und doch nicht ohne Arzt : Neue Rollenmodelle für das Gesundheitswesen im ländlichen Raum
(2022)
Der weltweite Ausbruch der COVID-19-Pandemie hatte grundlegende Veränderungen zur Folge. Zur Bekämpfung des Coronavirus war es zwingend
notwendig, den Kontakt am Arbeitsplatz zu vermeiden, wodurch sich Home-Office als neue Arbeitsform etablierte. Dadurch ist der persönliche Kontakt zwischen Führungskraft und dessen Mitarbeitenden deutlich zurückgegangen und der Austausch erfolgte, durch den Einsatz digitaler Kommunikationsmittel, primär auf virtueller Ebene. Der plötzliche Übergang von der Arbeit im Büro hin zur Arbeit im Home-Office verlangte neue Kompetenzen der Führungskräfte, um den Anforderungen sowie Herausforderungen bei der virtuellen Zusammenarbeit
gerecht zu werden. Daraus ergibt sich die Forschungsfrage, welche
Kompetenzen Führungskräfte besitzen sollten, um ihre Mitarbeitenden auf Distanz erfolgreich zu führen. Diese Frage wurde mithilfe einer quantitativen Untersuchung beantwortet, für welche Führungskräfte bei Bosch eBike Systems befragt wurden. Die Umfrage gibt Aufschluss darüber, dass der wichtigste
Baustein für eine virtuelle Zusammenarbeit eine vertrauensvolle Beziehung zu
den Mitarbeitenden ist. Mit Empathie, Kommunikationsfähigkeit und
Teamzusammenhalt kann nachhaltig ein gutes Verhältnis aufgebaut werden.
Trotz veränderter Arbeitsumstände wurde festgestellt, dass eine erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit auch virtuell erfolgen kann. Weiterhin wird davon ausgegangen, dass Home-Office ein fester Bestandteil der Arbeitswelt bleiben wird und sich viele Unternehmen mit der erfolgreichen Führung virtueller Teams
auseinandersetzen müssen. Als Ergebnis wurde eine Reihe von
Handlungsempfehlungen für Führungskräfte von Bosch eBike Systems erarbeitet.
Our report focuses on the possible relationships between the occurrence of stressors and the use of VR. The issue was methodologically addressed by developing a general taxonomy of possible stressors in VR through related work and firstly carrying out a series of tests isolating only the baseline of headset-related stress.
Twelve young adults were tested in a pilot study by a specific five minute VR item for qualitative evaluations of the consumed content, their experience with the equipment, and their general experience running through our study. Same tests were carried out with a comparison group in a boxed TV-environment. For both groups, biomedical parameters were derived that indicate the stress level of the subjects (ECG, EDA and Cortisol test/salivette). Additionally the subjects were screened by questionnaires (VRSQ, NASA TLX-raw, semantic differentials) regarding changes in comfort. VR test subjects were screened by the headset's sensor data too (heart rate, pupil diameter, cognitive load).
Qualitative questions could not reveal any major irritations regarding the content of our relaxation scene. The headset’s sensor data did not indicate any cause of stress in subjects, but it is not possible to take baseline measurements without having the subject wear the VR headset. All other data show experimental validity and robustness.
Although knowing that our samples are small and the power of our tests may not be sufficient to detect a precise difference between the means, we decided to perform an experimental statistical analysis of the pilot study subject data (e.g f-tests, equal/unequal, significance level: 0.05).
According to the results and limitations of this analysis, young adults are not likely to experience stress from short-term use of VR headsets where all other VR stressors have been eliminated. Ten hypotheses in this regard have been rejected.
In the context of the global climate crisis, socially responsible investing has gained momentum in the financial market. One of its objectives is the achievement of a positive environmental impact. Among the instruments used for this purpose are green bonds. These are fixed-income instruments whose proceeds may only be used for green activities. To this point, market-based standards aimed at establishing uniform definitions of what constitutes “green” have strongly contributed to the development of the green bond market. In order to further promote the issuance and credibility of green bonds and exploiting their financing potential, the European Commission has proposed the introduction of a European Green Bond Standard.
This thesis examines how an introduction of the European Green Bond Standard could impact the existing German green bond market and lead to more private investments in green projects in the future. To address this question, information from an extensive literature review as well as quantitative data from Refinitiv EIKON's Green Bond Guide was used.
For the German green bond market to grow, in particular an increased involvement of the private sector is essential. This thesis finds that the current draft of the European Green Bond Standard offers great potential in this respect. Through increased transparency and assurance, increased demand as well as associated reputational benefits and the possibility to use targeted policy incentives it has the potential to increase the attractiveness of green bond issuance for the private sector and thus induce more issuances. An extension of the grandfather clause, which is currently under discussion, could underpin this even further.
Das Personal wird als einer der wichtigsten Ressourcen betrachtet, über die Organisationen verfügen können. Bei der Erreichung von strategischen Zielen werden dabei insbesondere Führungskräften eine tragende Schlüsselrolle zugesprochen. In den meisten Fällen werden diese nicht rekrutiert, sondern langfristig intern entwickelt und ausgebildet. Hierfür bedarf es zunächst der erfolgreichen Identifikation von Führungspotential, um diese dann im nächsten Schritt zu validieren. Ein oft verwendetes Instrument hierfür bilden Assessment Center, in denen die zukünftigen Aufgaben von Führungskräften simuliert werden. Jedoch bleibt unklar, inwiefern eine realitätsnahe Simulation in der Praxis tatsächlich gelingt und welchen Einfluss das Vorwissen zu einzelnen Aufgabeninhalten auf die Leistung von Teilnehmenden ausübt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, diese Fragen am Beispiel der Daimler Truck AG zu beantworten.
Hierzu wurden drei Hypothesen aufgestellt und eine qualitative Studie durchgeführt, bei der insgesamt 15 Expert/innen befragt wurden. Diese zeigt, dass einzelne Übungen im Assessment Center kein realistisches Abbild der späteren Aufgaben einer Führungskraft darstellen. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Teilnehmende keinen Vorteil durch einen vorzeitigen Erhalt von Aufgabeninhalte einer spezifischen Übung erlangen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse ermöglichen es Entscheidungsträger/innen, zukünftige Verbesserungen am Prozess zu implementieren und die Qualität vergangener Entscheidungen zu evaluieren. Weitere Forschung im Bereich der Potentialvalidierung könnte auf die allgemeinen Effekte einer Offenlegung von Aufgabeninhalten abzielen.
Key factors sustainability and digitalization – an analysis of countries performance and actions
(2022)
Climate change is an extremely relevant topic nowadays in everyday life, politics and even economy. Therefore, it is important to understand the dimension of this topic and be conscious about how it is affecting everyone’s life. Many people’s base of living is fading through for example crop failure or natural disasters. Next, businesses must also adapt since many governments have implemented emission caps which force organizations to restructure business processes to meet those goals. Adapting to new circumstances or ways of working is crucial to fight back menacing environmental changes and without coherent enforcement, the goal of combating global warming and tackling climate change can’t be achieved.
But how can these challenges be fought against in a meaningful way and matter in a long-term perspective? There were already some attempts made like setting a maximum for global warming worldwide. On the other hand, there is no country which can meet those in the required period of time. Next to battle the problem of global warming every country in the world has to take part and work together, or else the goals can’t be fulfilled, which can occur to be difficult and hard to execute in reality. If there is no coherency in enforcement the aim of fighting the global warming and climate change can’t be attained.
The essential query I want to obtain with this thesis is what the possibilities for countries through sustainability and digitalization to live and operate in a more renewable way are. Part of this work will be assessing Sweden’s progress and development in this field since they are pioneers in both key areas. Afterwards there will be a comparison to Morocco and Singapore which at first glance differ completely from each other to work out differences and common ground.
In the end contrasting key factors like climate and geography, politics or economy etc. will give insights about opportunities and unused potential in making the world more sustainable with the help of digitalization.
The technique of acquiring the data is mainly focused on news articles, tech, and business publications as well as governmental proclamation and reporting of environmental portals. The reasoning for this is that the topic is very up to date and the source of information needs to be as recent as possible.
The intention of the project is to generate understanding and awareness about how sustainability and digitalization can be drivers and work together in a complex sphere like environmental change.
Conception and development of a corporate website strategy on the example of KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG
(2022)
In recent years, digitalization has caused an increasing transformation of the entire business world towards a digitalized economy. The Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly accelerated this ongoing digital transformation. Therefore, online presence is also becoming increasingly important for companies to survive in the digital economy. KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG, a traditional medium-sized company firmly focused on face-to-face sales, was strongly affected by the limitations of the pandemic. Switching to digital alternatives, especially the corporate website, stands out as the most critical digital cross point.
This bachelor thesis uses a marketing strategy model to analyze and research the position of KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG in the market and explores the functions and characteristics that a corporate website must have to meet today’s customer, stakeholder, and employee needs.
First, this work intends to offer an overall understanding of digitalization and its impact on the medical technology industry and medium-sized companies. Secondly, the corporate website characteristics are considered. The third theoretical part includes the analysis of two digital marketing strategy models, which are compared with each other. Finally, the company KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG and its website are presented, and a strategy model for developing a website strategy for the business year 2023 and beyond is applied.
Interviews conducted with internal and external experts on websites provide valuable information and a deeper understanding of the importance of a website in the digital environment.
In the end, this paper gives recommendations for actions for website development.
Die Option, im Homeoffice zu arbeiten, hat sich während der Covid-19-Pandemie rasant ausgebreitet. Diese explorative Studie beschäftigt sich mit dem Homeoffice als Erfolgsfaktor und inwiefern es sich in Zukunft als eine Maßnahme der Mitarbeiterbindung etablieren könnte.
Ziel der Arbeit war es herauszufinden, ob der Faktor Homeoffice zu einer positiveren Mitarbeiterbindung beitragen kann. Um ein Verständnis der aktuellen Situation in den Unternehmen zu erlangen, wurde im Rahmen der Abschlussarbeit eine Onlineumfrage durchgeführt. Darauf aufbauend wurde die Frage nach dem Arbeitgeberwechsel bei einem Wegfall der Homeoffice-Option beantwortet und inwieweit sich die physische Abwesenheit der Mitarbeitenden am Unternehmensstandort auf die Entwicklung der Mitarbeiterbindung auswirkt.
Die Resultate belegen, dass Mitarbeitende, welche während der Covid-19-Pandemie im Homeoffice gearbeitet haben, den Arbeitgeber wechseln würden, sofern ihnen die Homeoffice-Option gestrichen würde. Darüber hinaus konnten keine signifikanten Ergebnisse zwischen der Arbeit im Homeoffice und dem negativen Einfluss auf die Mitarbeiterbindung gefunden werden.
Es wird empfohlen, in künftigen Studien die Langzeiteffekte des Homeoffice auf die Mitarbeiterbindung zu untersuchen.
TSE-Signatur Verifier
(2022)
CSAF in DefectDojo
(2022)
Huch, da lebt was
(2022)
Artificial First Responder
(2022)
Trends im Compilerbau
(2022)
COVID-19 in German Competitive Sports: Protocol for a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study (CoSmo-S)
(2022)
Fluid delivery
(2022)
Software engineering, as a central practice of digitalization, needs to become accountable for sustainability. In light of the ecological crises and the tremendous impact of digital systems on reshaping economic and social arrangements - often with negative side-effects - we need a sustainability transformation of the digital transformation. However, this is a complex and long-term task. In this article we combine an analysis of accountability arrangements in software engineering and a model of sustainability transformations to trace how certain dynamics are starting to make software engineering accountable for sustainability in the technological, cultural, economic and governance domains. The article discusses existing approaches for sustainable software engineering and software engineering for sustainability, traces emerging discourses that connect digitalization and sustainability, highlights new digital business models that may support sustainability and shows governance efforts to highlight “green and digital” policy problems. Yet, we argue that these are so far niche dynamics and that a sustainability transformation requires a collective and long-lasting effort to engender systemic changes. The goal should be to create varied accountability arrangements for sustainability in software engineering which is embedded in complex ways in society and economy.
The sector of supply chain risk management has been expanding for several years now, with the goal to not only prepare organizations to recover after supply-chain disruptions but also mitigate risks to reduce losses.
One of the most remarkable techniques in the field is the Artificial Intelligence technology, which owing to its effectiveness and efficiency, allows humans to develop new solutions to predict or prevent a great variety of supply-chain disruptions.
This paper aims to forecast the future state of the Artificial Intelligence technology in Europe by 2035 with the use of the INKA 4 scenario manager software. A total of four areas of influence –– i.e., technological, financial, legal, and social –– were identified.
From those, 11 descriptors were created based on relevant scientific literature and were inserted in the INKA software to develop the scenarios. This process resulted in three clearly differentiated scenarios that exhibit high probabilities and positive outlook for the Artificial Intelligence technology to be widely integrated in supply chain risk management systems in Europe by 2035.
In a cross-national project, 14 neighborhoods from Germany, Austria and Switzerland were accompanied on their way to digitally supported neighborhood work. This paper discusses general requirements, choosing a suitable digital tool, the implementation process as well as the challenges faced by the various stakeholders. The following factors have been found to play a major role in sustainable neighborhood work: good fit with overall development strategy, interplay between online neighborhood work and physical interactions, strong existing neighborhood management structures, strategic planning of digitalization activities, start-up funding for innovation activities, and above all, the presence of a committed person or team as well as interesting content to attract users. Depending on the neighborhood, self-managed and individualistic solutions are preferred to generic and/or commercial solutions. There is no ‘fit-for-all’ path to sustainable digitally supported neighborhoods.