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Traditional networking severely limits the dynamic requirements of newly emerging
use cases like the Internet of Things. For this reason, this thesis is fundamentally
concerned with the proposal of a software-defined networking approach for industrial
IoT networks. We revisit the core concepts, examine related work and subsequently
present an SDN-focused edge architecture for the KOSMoS research project. In this regard, we aim to improve network flexibility, scalability, maintainability and security.
Finally, the developed concept is implemented as an emulated proof of concept in order to assess its feasibility. For our prototype, we present an intent-driven approach that automatically compiles and deploys network configuration policies based on business goals submitted as description templates.
Impact of restricted contact between grandparents and grandchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic
(2021)
The Elephant in the Room - Educating Practitioners on Software Development for Sustainability
(2021)
In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird der aktuelle Trend, Payas-you-live-Systeme (PAYL) in Verbindung mit Krankenversicherungen anzubieten, analysiert. PAYL-Systeme bedeutet konkret die kontinuierliche Erfassung von Gesundheitsdaten mithilfe technischer Geräte und Übermittlung dieser Daten an Versicherungen sowie die Auszahlung von Boni für erreichte Fitnessziele. Zunächst wird eine Definition von PAYL-Systemen dargelegt, dann werden die technischen Rahmenbedingungen erläutert, schließlich werden die Auswirkungen dieser soziotechnischen Systeme näher beleuchtet. Dies geschieht auf Grundlage unserer empirischen Untersuchung. Die drei identifizierten Hauptkonflikte betreffen die Genese von PAYL, seine Auswirkungen auf den Wert der Datensouveränität besonders für Versicherte und die Schwierigkeit, für den Anspruch auf Prävention und Kostenersparnis durch PAYL Evidenz zu erzeugen. Diese Konflikte werden diskutiert, um sowohl die direkten wie auch indirekten Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung und der Ökonomisierung des Sozialen durch PAYL zu beleuchten.
Sustainability is a major concern for our society today. Software acts as a catalyst to support different business activities which have an impact on sustainability. Research from software engineering and other academic disciplines have proposed various software sustainability guidelines, tools, and methods to support software sustainability design in industry. However, there are still challenges on how to design and engineer sustainability into software products by software development practitioners in industry using those proposed sustainability guidelines and tools. The goal of this research is to seek understanding on what software sustainability means for software development practitioners and identify how to properly support engineering of sustainability into software design and development through academic research. Data were gathered and analyzed using grounded theory from workshop with different software development practitioners to seek their understanding on what sustainability means in their software systems. The results show economic and technical sustainability dimensions are the most important to software development practitioners for software sustainability. While the social sustainability dimension was not considered for software sustainability. The findings from this study indicates contrast in academia where all sustainability dimensions are treated as an important element to achieve software sustainability. Therefore, there is need for better collaboration between industry and academia to improve understanding of software sustainability and support effective sustainability engineering in software systems.
Context: It is impossible to imagine our everyday and professional lives without software. Consequently, software products, especially socio-technical systems, have more or less obvious impacts on almost all areas of our society. For this purpose, a group of scientists worldwide has developed the Sustainability Awareness Framework (SusAF) which examines the impacts on five interrelated dimensions: social, individual, environmental, economic, and technical. According to this framework, we should design software to maintain or improve the Sustainability Impacts. Designing for sustainability is a major challenge that can profoundly change the field of activity – particular for Software Engineers. Objectives: The aim of the thesis work is to analyze the current role of Software Engineers and relate it to Sustainability Impacts of Software Products in order to contribute to this paradigm shift. This should provide a basis for follow-up works. The question in which direction exactly the Software Engineer should develop and how exactly this path can be followed is still owed by the scientific community. Perhaps universities will have to adapt the curriculum in the training of Software Engineers, politics could possibly initiate support programs in the field of sustainability for software companies, or maybe software sustainability certifications could emerge. In any case, Software Engineers must adapt to the times and acquire the necessary knowledge, the skills and the competencies. Results: The results of the dissertation are a better understanding of the needed paradigm shift of Software Engineers and comeplement the SusAF that to better support sustainability design. The extended SusAF is intended for both training and corporate use.
Beim Kauf eines Produktes achten Kunden heutzutage nicht mehr ausschließlich auf den Preis. Durch das Internet lassen sich alle Aspekte von Kaufpreis über Produktfeatures einfach und unkompliziert vergleichen. Vor allem in Krisenzeiten gewinnen Aspekte aus dem Servicebereich, wie Garantie, immer mehr an Bedeutung. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, für die KaVo Dental GmbH eine Strategie im Servicebereich mit Fokus auf die Garantiebestimmungen in der Business Unit Instrumente zu entwickeln, mit der die auftretenden Probleme minimiert werden können. Dazu wird der Dentalmarkt und der Wettbewerb analysiert und anhand eines definierten Produktportfolios die Probleme und Herausforderungen erarbeitet. Daraus resultieren zu kurze Garantiezeiten und hoher Druck der Konkurrenz. Mithilfe einer Unternehmen- und Complaintanalyse wird die interne Situation des Unternehmens betrachtet. In dieser Arbeit werden Ansätze erarbeitet, wie diesen Herausforderungen entgegengewirkt werden kann, Diese Ansätze werden mit einer Entscheidungsmatrix miteinander verglichen und bewertet. Aus dieser Bewertung lässt sich die Handlungsempfehlung für das Unternehmen ableiten. Mit der Umsetzung dieser definierten Empfehlung kann das Unternehmen und die Marke KaVo am Markt mit Innovation und „Service Excellence“ profitieren.
Das Unternehmen XYZ befindet sich in einer entscheidenden Phase in der Umsetzung der Digitalisierungsstrategie. Im Rahmen dieser Strategie wird die neue Unternehmenshomepage mit dem neuen Onlineshop gekoppelt. Die Plattform fungiert zum einen als zeitgemäßer Onlineauftritt und zum anderen soll dadurch ein neues Rollenverständnis für das Unternehmen geschaffen werden. Herzstück der Plattform ist die mit dem Onlineshop verbundene Onsite Suchfunktion.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist Teile der Strategie zu analysieren und teilweise kritisch zu würdigen. Um die Suchfunktion für den neuen Onlineshop neben grundlegenden sprachlichen Features zu erweitern, wurde eine Umfrage mit ausgewählten Mitarbeitern durchgeführt.
Die Ausgangssituation dieser Arbeit ist das Unternehmen zu präsentieren. Darauf aufbauend wird die Schnelllebigkeit der Digitalisierung erläutert, sowie die Reaktion des Unternehmens darauf. Kern der Arbeit ist die Analyse von User Experience (UX)- und User Interface (UI)-Komponenten des Shops sowie die Suchfunktion im Allgemeinen, als auch im Kontext von XYZ zu beschreiben.
Darauf erfolgt die Erklärung der Methodik der qualitativen Datenerhebung, welche für die Umfrage eingesetzt wurde. Anschließend werden Ablauf, sowie die dazugehörigen Ergebnisse dargelegt. Das letzte Kapitel liefert einen wertenden Ausblick auf Teile der Ergebnisse und fasst die gesamte Arbeit nochmals reflektierend zusammen. Abschluss der Arbeit bildet eine Diskussion, sowie ein persönliches Fazit.
The project business in the packaging machine industry is highly volatile. Although the industry is steadily growing, firms face increasing financial constraints due to external, difficult to control, factors. This thesis examines the underlying concepts and processes of a Supply Chain Finance implementation, using the Syntegon Group as an empirical example. Due to the extended payment terms of customers and the currently undergoing refinancing measures, the analysis about potential liquidity increasing measures becomes extremely relevant for Syntegon. The research questions covered focus on cash liquidity increases, working capital improvement and alternatives to Supply Chain Finance solutions.
This research aims to provide an informed recommendation about the implementation of Supply Chain Finance. The research is divided into two major parts. The first part discusses the underlying theoretical frameworks to understand the concept of working capital and supply chain management. These concepts are of great importance for the understanding of Supply Chain Finance and its relevance in today’s globalized world. The second part focuses on a detailed empirical analysis of the Syntegon Group. Hereby, the qualitative research involves expert interviews with various departments of the Syntegon Group. The answers of the interviewees are evaluated based on the different categories. This allows for a direct comparison of the interviewee’s answers.
The quantitative analysis consists of the key figure analyses. These allow an informed statement about the current financial situation of the group. By calculating potential payment term extensions and the consequential cash flow opportunities, an estimation about the benefit of the implementation of Supply Chain Finance can be made. Lastly, the cost-benefit analysis of implementing such a solution versus receiving the money as a bank loan is determined.
The results of the calculation and analyses have shown that payment term extensions offer large cash flow opportunities for the Syntegon Group. Receiving a bank loan in the same amount as the unlocked working capital would result in a lower benefit.
Although further research beyond this thesis is needed, the clear benefits of implementing a Supply Chain Finance solution to increase liquidity are demonstrated.
This thesis deals with the CO2 footprint of the Porsche Taycan. Porsche aims to become a carbon neutral company by 2030 and is therefore looking for potentials of improvement. This thesis intends to find solutions to reduce the carbon footprint of the Porsche Taycan over its entire life cycle.
First, the thesis deals with the theoretical framework of conducting a Life Cycle Assessment based on the DIN EN ISO 14040 and DIN EN ISO 14044 standards. Then, the Porsche Taycan and its battery system are introduced.
A CO2 hotspot analysis is carried out for the entire life cycle of the battery of the Porsche Taycan Turbo S and thus potential for improvement is identified. The main CO2 hotspots are… [DELTED FOR CONFIDENTIALITY REASONS].
Furthermore, an Excel tool is built to model the entire life cycle of the Taycan. This tool is used to carry out a sensitivity analysis for selected parameters. The analysis shows how sensitive the carbon footprint reacts to changes and thus helps making decisions upon where improvements can be made.
Based on the two analyses it is, among other things, recommended that Porsche… [DELTED FOR CONFIDENTIALITY REASONS].
Gedruckte Implantate
(2021)
In Anbetracht der anthropogen verursachten Veränderung des Klimas seit Beginn der Industrialisierung werden Unternehmen zur Verantwortung gerufen. Das Treibhausgas Kohlenstoffdioxid und seine Erfassung dienen Firmen als Werkzeug, ihre umweltschädigenden Praktiken zu messen und Reduktionsmaßnahmen durchzuführen. Dies ist besonders für energieintensive Sektoren, wie der deutschen Automobilindustrie, von Bedeutung. Viele Unternehmen konzentrieren sich auf Reduktionen des CO2-Ausstoßes innerhalb der eigenen Produktion, jedoch werden diese innerhalb der Lieferkette Experten zufolge nicht genügend ausgeschöpft. In diesem Zusammenhang wird in dieser Bachelorarbeit der Status Quo bei Automobilherstellern und Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der CO2 Ausstöße entlang der Lieferkette betrachtet.
Zunächst wird der Nachhaltigkeitsbegriff und seine politischen Rahmenbedingungen vorgestellt, um die Komplexität und die Multilateralität des Begriffs festzulegen. Anschließend wird die deutsche Automobilindustrie, ihr CO2-Fußabdruck und Möglichkeiten, ihn zu reduzieren, näher betrachtet. Als Fazit kann festgehalten werden, dass zahlreiche Maßnahmen zur Messung und Reduktion der Emissionen existieren, es jedoch der Branche, Experten zufolge, noch einer gewissen Einheitlichkeit bezüglich der Berechnungs- und Erfassungsmethoden bedarf.
Außerdem müssen Potenziale zu CO2-Reduktionen innerhalb der Lieferkette noch weiter ausgeschöpft werden. Bedeutende Hindernisse sind jedoch die massiven Investitionen, die Zulieferer zur Einhaltung von CO2-Grenzwerten tätigen müssen.
Ferner stellt das praktische Fallbeispiel Maßnahmen und Ambitionen des Automobilherstellers Daimler vor und vergleicht diese mit dem Konkurrenten BMW. Die Maßnahmen der beiden Hersteller zeigen Gemeinsamkeiten auf, jedoch unterscheiden sich die Strategien hauptsächlich in den unmittelbaren Hauptschwerpunkten und den Planungshorizonten. Außerdem kritisieren Experten besonders die widersprüchlichen Ziele und ihre Auswirkungen, wie beispielsweise der stets wachsende Materialverbrauch.
In der Gesamtbetrachtung lässt sich folgendes Fazit ziehen: Unternehmen sind sich ihrer Verantwortung bewusst, der Erfolg der Maßnahmen wird sich jedoch erst in Zukunft zeigen. In Anbetracht potenziell strenger werdender Richtlinien und weiter fortschreitenden Megatrends befindet sich die Zukunft der automobilen Lieferkette in einem spannenden Umbruch.
Global warming and its impacts on the environment, the human being and the economy are one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. With the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration being the main driver of global warming, the necessity arises to address the issue of carbon dioxide emissions. Next to the avoidance, the reduction and the compensation of emissions, negative emissions are moving into the focus of decision-makers in politics and in the economy. These can be created using either nature-based methods or negative emission technologies. The paper “Methods for generating negative emissions: Are negative emission technologies a climatically and economically viable alternative to nature-based methods?” aims to answer the research questions whether negative emission technologies are a more effective instrument to create negative emissions than nature-based methods and, under which circumstances an investment in these technologies is reasonable for a company.
The method used to answer the questions is a literature research to perform a comparison of two examples. The afforestation project Bonn Challenge serves as example for a nature-based method to create negative emissions while the Direct-Air-Capture plant “Orca” by the company climeworks AG is used as an example for a negative emission technology. A benefit analysis is conducted to assess the effect on carbon dioxide concentration and a net present value calculation is carried out to enable an investment decision under different scenarios.
The paper finds that Direct Air Capture is a more effective way to reduce the atmospheric carbon dioxide than the afforestation. The crucial advantage of the technology is the permanent storage of the removed carbon dioxide and the immediate carbon dioxide effect. Furthermore, the results of the net present value calculation imply that in the short-term an investment in negative emissions is not economical. In the long run, rising prices for emission certificates and the possibility to sell removed and stored carbon dioxide or to offer carbon dioxide removal as a service can make an investment in negative emission technologies like Direct Air Capture reasonable. A condition for that is that the cost of carbon dioxide removal with Direct Air Capture is reduced to 100 $/tCO2 between 2026 and 2031 depending on the applied interest rate.
Based on the found results, the paper suggests that from a climate protection perspective, negative emission technologies should not be seen as alternatives to nature-based methods but that different approaches to create negative emissions must be combined to meet climate targets. The paper also proposes that prices for emission certificates in the EU-ETS should be increased as soon as possible in order to promote an investment in negative emission technologies. Also, further research using more detailed data and covering more aspects is recommended.
There is a growing trend for multinational enterprises to send their expatriate employees on international assignments to achieve corporate development, human resource goals and to gain a competitive advantage in the global context. Therefore, the performance and productivity of international assignees play a major role for them and the organization. However, expatriate research has so far rarely taken into account the factors that do not directly relate to expatriate performance. Instead, research has focused on expatriate success and failure. However, the literature shows that neither can yet be clearly defined. Therefore, this study instead focuses on expatriate performance and productivity by placing special emphasis on literature gaps. Hence, in this study the importance of several factors is tested, namely: 1) overall international experience, 2) informal social networks, and 3) expatriate family. As this research aims to develop practical approaches to managing critical circumstances when relocating overseas, a link between theory and previous study findings has been established. To provide a point of departure for Global People Transitions GmbH, a special focus has been placed on organizational support and intercultural training. The data have been collected through guided expert interviews with six participants, three of them expatriates, two expatriate spouses, and one repatriate. The study results have found that the tested factors have an impact on expatriate adjustment and, consequently, on expatriate performance and productivity. In addition, several aspects to improve expatriate performance and productivity have been identified, such as providing organizational support or creating structures and routines. Lastly, it has become clear that research on international assignments is very elusive due to several underlying factors that influence the matter.
Durch die Covid-19 Pandemie kam das Thema Home-Office in aller Munde. Die Arbeitsweise des mobilen Arbeitens eignet sich hierbei nicht für jede Tätigkeit gleichermaßen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Führungskräfte betrachtet. Das Ziel ist es zu untersuchen, ob ein bestimmter dominierender Führungsstil sich besonders für das Führen von Mitarbeitenden im Home-Office eignet und ob Führungskräfte mit verschiedenen Führungsstilen diese Arbeitsweise anders einschätzen. Dafür wurde eine quantitative Studie durchgeführt, die von Führungskräften Einschätzungen zur Eignung von kreierten Szenarien sowohl im Büro als auch im Home-Office einholt. Spezifisch wurden die Teilnehmenden dabei in die dominierenden Führungsstile des Bosses und des Coaches klassifiziert und anschließend zu ihrer Einschätzung der Eignung des Arbeitsortes in verschiedenen Szenarien befragt. Diese Studie zeigte, dass die hier betrachteten Führungsstile und der Arbeitsort einen Effekt auf die Einschätzung der Eignung hatten. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass die Teilnehmenden, die mit dem dominierenden Führungsstil des Coaches klassifiziert wurden, die Eignung der Szenarien für die Arbeit im Home-Office positiver einschätzten.
Weitere Forschung hierzu könnte sich sowohl mit der Sicht der Mitarbeitenden auf die Führungsstile beschäftigen als auch weitere spezifische Gruppen und Tätigkeiten betrachten.
Digitale Pflegedokumentation, Robotik oder automatisierte Matratzensysteme zur Dekubitusprophylaxe: Pflegetechnologien stellen ein zunehmend relevanter werdendes Thema in der Pflegepraxis dar. Trotz großer Aufmerksamkeit hierfür kann eine nur langsam voranschreitende Durchdringung von Pflegetechnologien in der Praxis attestiert werden. In diesem Beitrag wird die Auswahl und Einführung von Pflegetechnologien in akut- und langzeitstationären Einrichtungen der pflegerischen Versorgung als kritische Phase betrachtet, die es bewusst zu gestalten gilt und deren Umsetzung über das Scheitern oder den Erfolg der Nutzung von Pflegetechnologie in der Praxis entscheidet. Die Erfahrungen der Autorinnen und Autoren, die als Forschende im BMBF-geförderten Cluster „Zukunft der Pflege" an der Einführung und Erprobung von Pflegetechnologien in kooperierenden Praxiseinrichtungen beteiligt sind, werden dazu aufgearbeitet und diskutiert.
Demethylating therapy increases anti-CD123 CAR T cell cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia
(2021)
In edge/fog computing infrastructures, the resources and services are offloaded to the edge and computations are distributed among different nodes instead of transmitting them to a centralized entity. Distributed Hash Table (DHT) systems provide a solution to organizing and distributing the computations and storage without involving a trusted third party. However, the physical locations of nodes are not considered during the creation of the overlay which causes some efficiency issues. In this paper, Locality aware Distributed Addressing (LADA) model is proposed that can be adopted in distributed infrastructures to create an overlay that considers the physical locations of participating nodes. LADA aims to address the efficiency issues during the store and lookup processes in DHT overlay. Additionally, it addresses the privacy issue in similar proposals and removes any possible set of fixed entities. Our studies showed that the proposed model is efficient, robust and is able to protect the privacy of the locations of the participating nodes.
ASiG §1 Grundsatz
(2021)
BeckOK Arbeitsschutzrecht
(2021)
Editorial
(2021)
Mobility management is a key feature of mobile edge
computing. We present an edge cloud infrastructure testbed to
explore various mobility scenarios. The design objection of this testbed has been a flexible open platform based on commodity hardware that can easily be scaled with more edge devices and compute resources to perform various edge cloud experiments. As first experiments on our testbed, we have investigated the feasibility of task migration among edge devices caused by edge device overload and unpredictable user movements. We describe the migration process and present some measurements to demonstrate the feasibility.
Die Fast-Fashion-Industrie ist Vorwürfen der mangelhaften Umsetzung von Nachhaltigkeitsstandards ausgesetzt. Die einzelnen externen Stakeholder fordern deshalb, nachhaltige Unternehmensstrategien konsequenter umzusetzen. Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist es, die Fortschritte innerhalb der nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Textilwirtschaft zu durchleuchten sowie den Istzustand anhand zweier repräsentativer Unternehmen festzustellen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den sozialen und ökologischen Aspekten des Sustainable Supply Chain Managements. Eine Betrachtung der aktuellen Entwicklungsfortschritte in der nachhaltigen Baumwollgewinnung, der umweltfreundlichen Verpackungsherstellung sowie der Reversen Logistik bildet dabei den Schwerpunkt der Analyse, da diese Faktoren bisher nur unzureichend in der Literatur untersucht wurden.
Anhand der beiden Firmen H&M Group und Inditex wird aufgezeigt, inwieweit diese nachhaltigen Praktiken in den beiden Großkonzernen bereits aktiv gelebt werden. Die abschließende Betrachtung zeigt auf, dass insbesondere in der ökologischen Dimension der Textilwirtschaft erste Fortschritte vorhanden sind. Im Hinblick auf geplante gesetzliche Lieferkettenbestimmungen ist es künftig entscheidend, auf die praktische Umsetzung der sozialen Dimension einzugehen, um über die Gesetzgeberseite positive Impulse auszulösen.
Umsetzung eines Pay-as-you-Live Systems : Konzeptioneller Ansatz für ein eigenständiges PAYL-System
(2021)
Contact mechanics
(2021)
Abrasive tools
(2021)
Abrasives
(2021)
While the number of devices connected together as the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing, the demand for an efficient and secure model of resource discovery in IoT is increasing. An efficient resource discovery model distributes the registration and discovery workload among many nodes and allow the resources to be discovered based on their attributes. In most cases this discovery ability should be restricted to a number of clients based on their attributes, otherwise, any client in the system can discover any registered resource. In a binary discovery policy, any client with the shared secret key can discover and decrypt the address data of a registered resource regardless of the attributes of the client. In this paper we propose Attred, a decentralized resource discovery model using the Region-based Distributed Hash Table (RDHT) that allows secure and location-aware discovery of the resources in IoT network. Using Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) and based on predefined discovery policies by the resources, Attred allows clients only by their inherent attributes, to discover the resources in the network. Attred distributes the workload of key generations and resource registration and reduces the risk of central authority management. In addition, some of the heavy computations in our proposed model can be securely distributed using secret sharing that allows a more efficient resource registration, without affecting the required security properties. The performance analysis results showed that the distributed computation can significantly reduce the computation cost while maintaining the functionality. The performance and security analysis results also showed that our model can efficiently provide the required security properties of discovery correctness, soundness, resource privacy and client privacy.