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Beginning in the mid 2007’s the US financial market started to slide into the “worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the early 1930’s” (Thakor, 2015: p.156). The domino effect of several events and occasions were leading first to a countrywide recession in the USA then later spreading globally. In the following this term paper will deal with the main causes and effects of 2008 financial crisis. Unlike other topics in literature there is no consensus about the question of guilt in this sense. Among economists there are different approaches to explain the main causes of the financial crisis.
Due to continuous changes in consumer needs, new product development (NPD) and innovation are some of a company’s key factors of success and competitiveness. In order to be successful, companies have to understand consumer needs and ‘translate them into new products’1. If changing consumer perceptions and their requirements are not respected by a firm, a product’s sales will decrease as people no longer feel satisfied with the old product and require new functions. Therefore, a major task in business is being close to the customer. In order to collect ideas about product perceptions, institutions and departments within a company staying in direct contact with consumers can be essential. One department that represents a customer-oriented sector is sales, as their day-to-day business includes communication with customers.
However, failure rates of new product launches are still very high. According to a study of Serviceplan and Gfk where 265 newly launched products were analyzed, 70% of these failed and were no longer bought after only one year.2 A firm’s difficulties in generating ideas in the early stages of NPD have been ‘identified as major cause of notoriously high failure rates of new products’3. One possible reason is that information received by the sales department is not communicated clearly enough to Research & Development (R&D), which is in charge of developing new products. For this reason consumer needs are often not adequately integrated into the process of new product development and relevant information concerning their requirements can get lost.
The question as to how the customer-oriented sales department can be better involved into the process of new product development in order to ensure the success of new product introductions will be discussed in the following.
Football is unambiguously the national sport in Germany. No other sport attracts more people and has the power to connect more people of different ages, nationality or status. In football everyone is equal at least for 90 minutes. Having one favourite football club means having an emotional connection to it with celebrating the wins and suffering when the team loses. The German Bundesliga in particular is a magnet for fans coming into the stadium.
The population in the U.S. is getting more and more characterised by cultural diversity. “By 2020, minority groups will account for the majority of the U.S. population.” Especially, the Hispanics are becoming more significant as they represent the biggest minority. To successfully adapt to the changing composition of the population, marketers should adapt and segment the marketers according to the individual taste and preferences of the targeted consumers. Nevertheless, some companies ignore these developments and still use mass marketing to reach the consumers. In the following, the impact and importance of Hispanic-Americans will be examined. Is the Hispanic population worth pursuing? By giving some information on ethnic marketing and ethnic groups, the background and the sub-cultures of Hispanic Americans, evoking the characteristics of the Hispanic shopper and the importance of the Hispanics for the U.S. market, the previous question can be clarified at the end.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden empirische Ergebnisse aus einer Patientenbefragung und zwei Experteninterviews zu dem Thema Patientensicherheit und Versorgungsqualität im Bereich der Knieendoprothetik miteinander verglichen und ausgewertet. Zusätzlich werden die Ergebnisse dieses Vergleichs mit der Literatur verglichen und analysiert. Die verwendete Literatur besteht aus aktuellen Fachbüchern, Fachberichten sowie Fachpublikationen. Dabei sollen die zukünftigen Herausforderungen auf dem Gebiet der Knieendoprothetik herausgearbeitet und eine Patientenempfehlung in der Behandlung von Kniearthrose ausgesprochen werden.
Für die Patientenbefragungen und die Experteninterviews ist die sog. „Mixed-Methods“ – Methode angewendet worden, wobei es sich um die Kombination einer quantitativen (Patientenbefragung) und qualitativen (Experteninterview) empirischen Forschungsmethode handelt. Dabei sind insgesamt 31 Patienten, im Durchschnitt ein Jahr postoperativ, nach Einsatz einer Knieprothese anonym zu ihrem Beschwerdebild sowie ihrer Zufriedenheit mittels eines schriftlichen Fragebogens befragt worden. Anschließend sind zu kritischen Ergebnissen der Patientenbefragungen zwei Experten auf dem Gebiet der Knieendoprothetik per digitalem Interviewleitfragen, und einer davon auch persönlich, befragt worden.
Das Kniegelenk ist eines der komplexesten und kompliziertesten Gelenke unseres Körpers. Es ist das größte Gelenk unseres Körpers und verbindet die größten Knochen des Menschen miteinander. Umso wichtiger ist es, eine möglichst physiologische Wiederherstellung des Kniegelenks zu erreichen unter Beachtung einer genauen Selektion von geeigneten Patienten für den Kniegelenksersatz, geeigneter patientenindividueller Prothesekomponenten, der richtigen Operationstechnik sowie erfahrener Operateure. Verschiedene Akteure im Gesundheitswesen sollen genau dies regulieren um somit die Patientensicherheit und Versorgungsqualität zu gewährleisten. Eine verpflichtende Teilnahme am Endoprothesenregister Deutschland, um alle Knieendoprothesenverläufe zu dokumentieren, muss in Zukunft zur Pflicht werden. Mindestmengen, Ausbildungsanforderungen und definierte Behandlungsleitlinien müssen allem voran für die Operateure im Gesundheitssystem etabliert werden.
Durch die Patientenbefragung, das Experteninterview und Angaben in der Literatur hat sich eine sehr hohe Korrelation zwischen Übergewicht und der Entstehung von Kniearthrose ergeben. Eine stärkere Aufklärung in der Öffentlichkeit bzgl. Übergewicht und deren Folgeschäden durch die Politik wäre hier wünschenswert. Die Patienten müssen aktiv (z. B. Physiotherapie, Muskelaufbau) mehr für ein zufriedenstellendes Behandlungsergebnis tun, sowohl prä- als auch postoperativ, egal ob zur Schmerzreduktion oder zur Wiedererlangung von Funktionalität, Kraft und Sicherheit des Kniegelenks. Die Experten fordern eine bessere Aufklärung bzgl. einem realistischerem Behandlungsergebnis, was die Patientenzufriedenheit und Entscheidungsfindung für oder gegen einen Knieersatz maßgeblich mit beeinflusst.
Sehr vielversprechende Therapieansätze haben sich für die Patientenempfehlung ergeben. Dabei sei ganz besonders die SYSADOA-Medikamentengruppe („symptomatic slow acting drugs in osteoarthritis“) und die knorpelrehabilitativen und knorpelregenerativen Therapieverfahren („Tissue Engineering“, ACT, etc.) zu erwähnen.
Die Diagnose der Arthrose im frühen Stadium und der stetig wachsende Fortschritt im Bereich der Medizin, Biomolekularmedizin und Materialwissenschaften könnten die Therapien im Bereich der Knorpelrehabilitation im Hinblick auf die Kniearthrose revolutionieren.
Schlüsselwörter: Funktionelle Anatomie Kniegelenk, Biomechanik Kniegelenk, Arthrose, Kniearthrose, Gonarthrose, Rheuma, Rheumatoide Arthritis, SYSADOA, Endoprothetik, Knieendoprothetik, Kniegelenksersatz, Patientenbefragung Knieendoprothetik, Experteninterview Knieendoprothetik, Knorpelrehabilitität, Knorpelregeneration
In summer 2015, the FIFA Football World Cup 2006 in Germany was brought back to the public interest due to the publication of corruption allegations against the organising committee, which allegedly bribed FIFA officials in order to bring the World Cup to Germany. Henceforward, the mega-event that was commonly regarded as Germany's summer fairy tale is no longer illuminated in such bright light.
Modern Customer Relationship Management is becoming more and more demanding. Instead of creating competitive advantages through prices, it is more effective to focus on customer relations and their maintenance. Therefore, corporations have to manage a large amount of information to appeal and to tie customers. Simultaneously, due to the huge spread of mobile devices and the extension of broadband networks communication habits are changing and speed of communication is increasing continuously. Clients and co-workers expect faster responses, not only because of the use of the internet but even more because of the use of mobile services. Finally, the way of working has changed considerably during the past years. Nowadays, employees need flexible access to organizational data as they can manage their working time mostly by themselves. Flexible access may be necessary at customer appointments, at the home office or during business trips. Accordingly, mobile software solutions which are easily operable and tailored to individual requirements are in great demand. Mobile CRM is supposed to accommodate this demand. However, the question arises as to whether mobile CRM is really able to meet the companies’ needs and to solve these issues.
Free trade agreements are a constantly discussed issue within economies and between relations within the whole world. Every economy is currently dealing with a lot of free trade agreements influencing their economic situation. All over the world, there are currently over 225 free trade agreements in circulation
It is not a mystery that us humans want what is not necessarily good for us. The fundamental desire, want and even need for foods high in fat, salt and sugar is embedded deep within us. It is part of our evolutionary biology, that we crave these unhealthy substances, due to their original scarcity, and our physical need for them in order to survive.
For the last hundred years an increasing number of women pushed into male dominated employment but today women still claim to face gender specific inequalities on many levels (Torre 2014). This shift to recruit more nontraditional work force once was generated by a mismatch of labor market demand and labor market supply as well as the economic pressure to be cost efficient. Nowadays it can be observed that employers are more sensitive to society valuation but still they are not able to prevent inequalities caused by sex distinction (Reskin 1993).
Since ever humans strive for recognition and success. That could be put down to the fact that centuries in the past the rule of the survival of the fittest was valid. According to Darwinians the fittest person is therefore more successful in surviving than the other ones. This rule is still in the head of humans. For instance, the competition between women regarding beauty can be seen as its legacy. It is almost a certainty that more beautiful women are more successful than not that beautiful ones. Humans do always try to be better than others to gain prestige and recognition.
Also the American psychologist Abraham Maslow illustrated this in the “Maslow’s hierarchy of needs”. It says that humans have different kind of needs like basic needs, psychological needs and self-fulfillment needs. Within the psychological needs Maslow defined the Self-Esteem needs which include the need for prestige and the feeling of accomplishment. Driven by those needs, humans compare with each other.
Nowadays Islamic banking is relatively unknown in the Western world, but Islam has around 1,57 billion believers worldwide and is the second largest religion in the world. The number of Muslims is constantly increasing over the years. Not only for Muslims, but also for all other people this system provides a new and different way of banking.
Vonnegut vom General Electric Research hat zusammen mit Langmuir und Schäfer in 1947 die Eigenschaft von Silberjodid (AgI) Niederschläge wie Regen, Schnee, Eis auszulösen, untersucht. Hierfür werden die Gewitterwolken im frühen Entwicklungsstadium im Bereich der Aufwindzonen angeflogen. Bei einer Höhe zwischen ein und fünf Kilometer werden die AgI-Generatoren, die an den Flugzeugtragflächen angebracht sind, eingeschaltet. Die Generatoren verbrennen die Lösung, die als Komplex zusammen mit Wasser und Aceton im Behälter vorliegt. Der entstehende Silberjodid-Rauch löst einen Niederschlag in Form von Regen, Schnee oder Graupel aus. Die Gewitterwolke verliert dadurch die erforderliche Energie, um größere Hagelkörner zu bilden. Die Effektivität von Silberjodid-Kristallen zur Bildung von Eiskristallen und Niederschlägen wird auf die hexagonale Struktur zurückgeführt, wie sie auch die Eiskristalle in der Luft haben. Die optimale Menge, mit der die Wolken geimpft werden liegt bei 11 g pro Liter Lösung. Aufgrund der geringen Löslichkeit von Silberjodid in Wasser wird die Löslichkeit in Komplexen wie z.B. im AgI-KI-Wasser-Aceton-Gemisch gesteigert. Die Impfung der Gewitterwolken ist bei Aufwinden zwischen 3 m/s und 5 m/s, also im Frühstadium effektiv. Dabei spielt jedoch auch die Partikelgröße eine entscheidende Rolle. Monodisperse Partikel mit einem Durchmesser von 10 Nanometern sind bis zu Temperaturen von -17 °C und Partikel mit 100 Nanometer Durchmesser sind bei etwa -10 °C aktiv. Die Versuche belegen eine effektive Eiskristallbildungsfähigkeit von Silberjodid ab -5 °C. Unter Laborbedingungen ist stets eine Wirksamkeit ermittelt worden. Bei Versuchen unter realen Bedingungen schwankt die effektive Temperatur ab der das Silberjodid Eiskristalle bildet. Das standardisierte Vorgehen bei der Wolkenimpfung dient daher der Vermeidung von Abweichungen bei der Ermittlung der Effektivität von Silberjodid.
We, a group of students from the "International Business Administration (IBW)" course at the Faculty of Business and Economics, have carried out a project as part of the subject "Managing Business Processes" that is intended to strengthen HFU's international reputation. This digital cookbook is intended to provide our guest students from partner universities with the opportunity to root the culture they have brought with them. On the other hand, we as hosts would like to convey the local culture to our guest students. By sharing diverse, broad and varied cuisines, we as a community could fulfill our motto of students for students. Not only does the HFU CookBook focus on the culinary arts, but it was also possible to facilitate personal student exchanges through an individual fact sheet. Due to the Corona situation, HFU could not live up to its usual standard for international exchange. Therefore it was important for us to enable the students a personal exchange, based on cultural facts, personal experiences and certain background information.
We hope that all readers of this book will enjoy cooking the recipes and learning about the different cultures.
Bon appétit!