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Akademisch qualifizierte Pflegefachkräfte sind prädestiniert dafür, erweiterte Rollen, Aufgaben und Spezialisierungen im Versorgungsgeschehen zu übernehmen. Ziel einer solchen Neuausrichtung in der Pflege ist es, Patienten*innen, Bewohner*innen in Pflegeeinrichtungen und Bürger*innen eine medizinisch-pflegerische Versorgung auf qualitativ hohem Niveau zukommen zu lassen. Dazu gehört auch die Sicherung und Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität. Die erweiterte und fortgeschrittene Pflegepraxis durch akademisch qualifizierte Pflegefachkräfte in spezifischen Versorgungsbereichen bewährt sich seit vielen Jahren z.B. in den angelsächsischen oder skandinavischen Ländern und wird auch in Deutschland bereits an bestimmten Standorten umgesetzt. Dennoch sind zukünftige Handlungsfelder, Aufgaben- und Verantwortungsbereiche von akademisch ausgebildeten Pflegefachkräften unzureichend erprobt und strukturell beschrieben.
Kriterien zukünftiger Aufgaben- und Verantwortungsbereiche akademisch ausgebildeter Pflegefachpersonen in der ambulanten, stationären Langzeitpflege und im Quartier sowie die Ableitung vertraglicher, leistungs- und ordnungsrechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen und Empfehlungen für deren Einsatz sind herausgearbeitet wurden. Konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für den Einsatz von akademisch ausgebildeten Pflegefachkräften und für die dazu erforderlichen Rahmenbedingungen sind beschrieben und formuliert worden, um so das Verständnis einer erweiterten Pflegepraxis zu fördern.
The longevity industry has been expanding for several years now, with the goal to prolong not only the lifespan of people but also their healthspan. One of the most remarkable techniques in the field is the CRISPR Cas-9 gene-editing tool, which owing to its flexibility and efficiency, allows humans to develop new treatments to prevent or cure a great variety of diseases. This paper aims to forecast the future state of the CRISPR Cas-9 technology in Germany in 2035 by using the INKA 4 scenario manager software. A total of five areas of influence –– i.e. scientific, economic, demographic, ethical, and legal –– were identified. From those, 11 descriptors were created based on relevant scientific literature and were introduced in the INKA software to develop the scenarios. This process resulted in three clearly differentiated scenarios that exhibit high probabilities of a positive outlook for the CRISPR-Cas9 technology in Germany by 2035.
Change from face-to-face to online mode of lectures due to the Covid-19 pandemic affected greatly the day-to-day life of students of Hochschule Furtwangen University. Therefore, this research paper aims to find out how student productivity has been affected by switching from face-to-face lectures to online or hybrid lectures. In this context, student productivity is defined through input and output, where input is students' time invested in lectures, research, group work, learning, and participation in class, and where output comes from the knowledge that the student has acquired as a result, measured by the grades of the examination or study performance. Hypothesis that the switch from face-to-face lectures to hybrid or fully online lectures has led to an increase in student productivity was formed for this research paper and for that reason, empirical research was conducted. Interviews with several students were performed to identify dimensions affecting student productivity as the basis for the student survey. Dimensions identified are Learning Facilities, Technology Use, Interaction Process, Student Participation and Study Time. The survey was conducted with a random sample of 149 students and analysed using SPSS software. Interviews with HFU professors were carried out to present experts’ opinions on this topic. Lastly, the grade statistics of HFU programmes were analysed to identify output of productivity. Results of the student survey suggest that a total of four dimensions were identified as relevant components of the input and output of the productivity of the students at HFU in connection with the change of the lecture mode, while the dimension Learning Facilities did not show a correlation to the student productivity. Grade statistics improved in winter semester 2020/2021 compared to the winter semester 2019/2020. Expert interviews suggested that the improvement in grades could be attributed to more time spent studying or lower standards of grading. Main hypothesis cannot be completely accepted or rejected, therefore, future research on whether students’ productivity increased in the switch from face-to-face to online mode is necessary.
The purpose of the study is to identify the profile of a start-up founder. In particular, it investigates whether there are some determined personality characteristics which are common among start-up founders. The present paper is questioning which neuropsychological traits and brain areas are responsible for entrepreneurial behavior. Therefore, the main focus was on the correlation between brain areas and individual attitudes or behaviors. After explaining the related basics about the human brain, it is important to locate some key tasks or activities in specific brain regions. Neuroimaging tools such as fMRI and EEG are particularly helpful to explain the reason for specific behaviors because they determine the presence of connection between cognitive processes and brain areas. In the present paper, EEG will be taken into consideration since this method can provide some practical insight into differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. The most important characteristics of entrepreneurs are defined in order to show theoretically whether there is a fundamental difference between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs on a neuropsychological level. Even though there are elements which are emphasized in the personality of start-up founders, further research is required to prove that these aspects determine indisputably entrepreneurial behavior.
Individual medicine gained increasing popularity in the medical industry in the past years. Especially oncology plays a major role in individual medicine, as significant research has been done in this area in the last decade. In order to provide individual treatment to patients, individualized medicine in cancer therapy uses molecular genetic examination of blood or tumor tissue.
This paper discusses individual treatment approaches for the selected diseases of prostate cancer and leukemia. Individual medicine in prostate cancer is still considered to be in its infancy whereas in leukemia it is already advanced. Conventional treatment in prostate cancer is highly standardized and well-developed and thus, individual approaches in PCa are not yet well-established or well-researched. Therefore, the relevance of individual treatments in prostate cancer is still to be discussed. In contrast to that leukemia has a promising future in the area of individualized medicine. However, individualized treatments are still very expensive and health insurances only cover a limited amount of financial expenses. As genetic testing is becoming more significant and is likely to be used more often in the future, the cost for individual treatments are expected to decrease over time. Also, this paper suggests future implications for the application of individual medicine in Germany in the areas of health care promotion, disease prevention and disease management until the year 2030.
Highlights of the paper:
• Individual medicine in leukemia is already well-established, however necessity of individual approaches in prostate cancer is discussed
• Individual medicine is currently very cost-intensive but increases the quality of life and the lifespan.
• In order to implement individual medicine in the future it is anticipated to improve health care promotion, disease prevention and disease management.
Germany has a long history in the car sector. However, today’s car industry is drastically changing, triggered by the accelerated rise of new technologies, sustainability policies and changing consumer preferences. The purpose of this research project is to forecast, by using the scenario planning software INKA 4, the future of cars in Germany in 2035. The research project focused mainly on cars based on internal combustion engines (ICE), fuel cell vehicles (FCV), battery electric vehicles (BEV) and Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and their charging infrastructure in Germany. Also, the future of autonomous driving vehicles, public transportation and carsharing in Germany were taken into consideration. Considering these factors following four areas of influence were chosen: Technology, Economics, Politics and Social. Within these areas of influence thirteen input factors (descriptors) were defined by research on current literature. The results show three distinct scenarios that reflect a possible shift towards electric mobility, autonomous driving, and an increase in the use of car sharing.
Key findings
The future of cars in Germany is affected by four areas of influence: Technology, Economics, Politics and Social. Among those four areas, a total of thirteen descriptors were selected as an input for the scenario building.
With the software INKA 4 five different scenarios were generated. Three distinctive scenarios were chosen and described to outline the future of cars in Germany in 2035.
It is highly probable that the future cars will be electrified and autonomous and that shared mobility will increase. The extent of the aforementioned change until 2035 depends highly on the German government and customer preferences.
Introduction: Since the first revolution of robotic-assisted surgery officially happened in 2000, the healthcare service worldwide has transformed into a new era due to its superior technological advancements, particularly in laparoscopic surgery. Da Vinci which is seen as a master-slave system and Kymerax which is categorized as a hand-held device are commonly used in robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Whilst a conventional or open method requires a large incision to perform a surgery, laparoscopy - a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is an advantageous surgical method which reduces an abdominal incision to a minimum, and effectively exploited with robots.
Methods: Based on available articles with the object of robotic surgical surgery, two SWOT analysis for Da Vinci and Kymerax were formulated to understand strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of each system in comparison with the traditional laparoscopic surgery. From that, the future outlook is anticipated based on the scientific background.
Results: Alongside technological advantages of Da Vinci mainly known as 6-degree of freedom, dexterity enhancement, stereovision, tremor filtering and especially minimal invasive surgery, it still has disadvantages that are not neglectable such as huge investment and lack of haptic feedback. Although the malfunction rate of Da Vinci is not significantly high, surgeons should be aware of it to fix or alter instruments in time. Kymerax is not as advanced as Da Vinci but it can fill in the gap of the Da Vinci which includes thelarge investment and bulky instruments. The Kymerax is the low-cost hand-held device allowing multiple degrees of freedom. It is an optimal combination between traditional performance and robotic performance allowing surgeons to manipulate in their hands and ensure haptic feedback.
Conclusions: Both Da Vinci and Kymerax systems offer superior benefits for medical service due to the ongoing technological growth. The cost-effectiveness of Da Vinci system is currently a problematic issue when medical institutions consider to install them. The surgical instruments market, however, has become highly competitive which is likely leading to the decline of the costly investments. In the digital world nowadays, it will be a promising future for more integrated medical inventions.
How will the future of business schools in Germany look like in 2035? Scenario Planning with INKA 4
(2019)
Business schools have been largely successful in attracting students and producing publications in the last few decades. Nevertheless, this success has raised several concerns. With many variables influencing business schools, it is useful to predict how the future of business schools might look like. Hence, this paper aims to detect current trends in order to forecast and examine the future of German business schools by the year 2035. With the help of the scenario software INKA 4, future scenarios were generated. In order to develop these scenarios, various areas of influence, e.g. Environment, Supply, Demand, Pedagogy, and Technology were identified and conceptualized with regard to current research and literature. The final result consists of four distinct scenarios, which reflect the potential pathway of German business schools in the future.